? Writing is an important carrier of civilization. For a long time, people are not sure whether there are any scripts in West Asia, because the ancient scripts in West Asia, like ancient Egypt, have long been lost. However, the spiritual will of human beings to explore their own civilization is passed down from generation to generation. Here we choose these representative figures to introduce them.
/kloc-Etro, a Venetian merchant in the 7th century, first discovered and copied the ancient cuneiform characters in the ruins of the Persian imperial palace, which attracted the attention of European academic circles. /kloc-In the middle of the 0/8th century, Danish archaeologist Carleston niebuhr discovered some writing rules of ancient cuneiform characters and the number of letters; /kloc-At the beginning of the 9th century, German scholar Grotthus Fen completed the interpretation of multiple symbols; Rawlinson, a British scholar, discovered the inscription of Beston engraved with three languages when he visited Iran in 1930s, and risked his life to copy the inscription on the cliff and decipher it. From 65438 to 0857, the British Museum organized the final verification of cuneiform interpretation. This verification also marks the birth of Assyria, a branch of history that studies the history of wedge-shaped culture.
When most people in the world were still wandering in primitive society, Sumerians took the lead in stepping into the threshold of civilized society between 3500 BC and 2800 BC. They not only invented writing, calendars and weights and measures, but also formulated a set of political and religious systems, built the earliest cities in the world, and formed more than a dozen cities-centered countries, such as Ur, uruk, Elidu, Larsa, ehrlich, Yixin, niebuhr, Kish and lagache. All ministries are small countries with few people, with a population of only tens of thousands, and Fiona Fang's land area is less than a hundred miles.
Although these small countries have similar cultures and traditions, with the growth of population, the development of productive forces and even the change of natural environment, there are shortages of water resources, land resources and other key resources directly related to people's livelihood in the two river basins. In order to seize limited resources, conflicts and wars are inevitable. At that time, struggling to survive was still the primary pursuit of most people.
In the 25th century BC, lagache gained the upper hand, and Ennatum, the leader of lagache, was brave and good at fighting. At that time, the two river basins were small countries with few people, with many soldiers and few cadres. The arms are mainly infantry, and the weapons are mainly short swords and spears. There is no fixed formation and art of war. Therefore, the victory or defeat of the war mainly depends on the courage and strength of the soldiers.
Ennatum, actively prepare for war, sum up experience and lessons in previous wars, and improve the defensive weapon shield to reduce the casualty rate of our own soldiers. In repeated battles, lagache's hegemony was gradually established. Ennatum, as the king of lagache in the two river basins, is also one of the earliest recognized kings in current history.