(Founder of Military Science in the Late Shang and Early Zhou Dynasties in China)

Jiang Ziya (about 1 156- about10/7), also known as Jiang Shang, is a famous historical figure in China. He was born in the late Shang Dynasty and early Zhou Dynasty. Jiang's surname, Lu's surname is Shang, a famous name, or the nickname of Shanyuya is flying bear. Because its ancestors assisted Da Yuping in soil and water, he was sealed in Lu, so he took Lu as his surname, also known as Lu Shang.

According to legend, when Jiang Ziya was 72 years old, he fished in Panxi River on the bank of Weihe River. He met Zhou Wenwang, who was thirsty for talents, and was named as a "Taishi" (the name of the military attache), known as "King Taigong", commonly known as Taigong, and was honored as a "Taishi Shangfu" by Zhou Wuwang? . Jiang Ziya, founder of Qi State, businessman, chief strategist and supreme military commander of Zhou Kewang, founding father of Western Zhou Dynasty, founder of Qi culture, outstanding strategist, strategist and politician with far-reaching influence in ancient China. His historical position has been recognized by ancient records, and Confucianism, France, the military, Zong Heng and other schools of thought contend, all pursuing him as a family figure and honoring him as the "master of a hundred schools of thought".

Main works: He wrote the book Zhou Shu, and used his troops to govern the country.

Status of later generations: originator of military strategists, immortal, Wu Zu.

Main achievements: assisting Zhou Wuwang to destroy business and build a week; Establish qi state

Cold and dizzy

Jiang Ziya, also known as Jiang Shang, is from Donghai or Konoha [6]? . His ancestors used to be officials of Sishan and helped Yu Xia to control water and soil. Shun and Yu were blocked.

Half-life, Jiang Ziya

In Ludi (now Nanyang West, Henan Province), it is also called Lushang. Some were sealed in Shen, surnamed Jiang. During the Xia and Shang Dynasties, Shen, Lu and others were sealed as descendants and some became civilians, and Lu Shang was their distant descendant. The real name of Lu Shang is Jiang, so it is called Lu Shang [15] because it is named after the fief. .

When Jiang Ziya was born, his family had already declined, so Jiang Ziya worked as a butcher who slaughtered cattle and sold meat when he was young. [16]? I also opened a hotel selling wine. [ 17]? However, Jiang Ziya people are not lacking in ambition. Whether they are slaughtering cattle or doing business, they always diligently study astronomy, geography and military strategies, and study the way to run the country and make it safe. They hope to display their talents for the country one day, but until they are 70 years old, they still do nothing and stay at home. [ 18- 19]?

Jiang Ziya prospered the Zhou Dynasty and destroyed the business.

Taigong fishing is willing to take the bait.

At the age of 72, Jiang Ziya fished in Panxi (now Baoji, Shaanxi) on the Weihe River, and sought audience with Ji Chang by fishing [20]? Before going out hunting, Ji Chang divined a divination, which said: "The prey is not a dragon, a tiger or a bear; The income is the assistant minister who has achieved the hegemony. " Ji Chang went hunting and met Jiang Ziya on the north bank of Weihe River. After talking with Jiang Ziya, Ji Chang was overjoyed and thought that Jiang Taigong was a wizard. He said: "Since our country's great-grandfather said,' A saint will come to Zhou, and Zhou will flourish.' Is that you? We have been expecting you for a long time. "[2 1]? So Jiang Ziya was called "King Taigong", and they rode home together, honoring him as a Taishi? .

This is the source of "Jiang Taigong fishing, who wants to take the bait". [23-25]?

Some people say that Jiang Ziya is knowledgeable and once worked for Shang and Zhou Dynasties. Shang and Zhou had no choice, so Jiang Ziya left. Lobbying around the governors of various countries, I don't know the governors I met, and finally I went west to Ji Chang [26]? . Some people say that Jiang Ziya is Chu Shi, living in seclusion by the sea. When Ji Chang was imprisoned in prison, Ji Chang's ministers Sanyisheng and Yao Hongjiu heard the news of Jiang Ziya and called him. Jiang Ziya also believes that "I heard that Jichang Xiande has always respected and cared for the elderly. Why not go? " In order to rescue Ji Chang, three people found a beautiful treasure and gave it to Zhou Wang to redeem Ji Chang. Ji Chang was released and returned to Zhou. Although there are different legends about Jiang Ziya's return to Zhou, the general idea is that he is Ji Changhe's teacher [27]? .

Taigong assisted King Wen.

After Ji Chang returned from prison, he and Jiang Ziya secretly planned how to implement the policy of virtue to overthrow the regime of Shang and Zhou Dynasties, among which there was no lack of tactical ingenuity. Jiang Ziya assisted Ji Changji Mountain Xiu De and Ming Dow Star people; Foreign countries urged Ji Chang to contact other dissatisfied vassal States to pay tribute to Zhou Wang, which made Zhou Wang relax its vigilance; Default the policy of loving the people, do things beneficial to the people, advocate production and train the army; Therefore, when people talk about the fighting tactics and secret politics of the Zhou Dynasty, they all respect Jiang Ziya's basic strategy [28]? . He was impartial to the imperial court and was praised by the poet as resigned, especially after the territorial dispute between Yu and Rui [29]? . Ji Chang also crusaded against the worship of the country, dense beards and dogs, and built Fengyi on a large scale [30]. Two-thirds of the princes in the world took refuge in Zhou, which was mostly the result of Taigong's planning [3 1]? .

After the death of Chang, Ji Fa acceded to the throne. In nine years, Ji Fa wanted to continue to accomplish the great cause of Jichang, and marched to Shang and Zhou Dynasties to see if the vassals rallied to respond. On the occasion of the departure of the army, Jiang Ziya, who was honored as "a teacher and a father", took Huang Yue by the left hand and White by the right hand, saying, "Cang Tong Cang Tong, lead all the soldiers, assemble the ships, and the latecomers will be beheaded." So the soldiers went to Jin Meng. As many as 800 governors came uninvited. The governors all said, "We can conquer Shang and Zhou Dynasties." Ji Fa said, "Not yet." Move troops and return, and Jiang Ziya wrote "a surname" [32]? .

Jiang Ziya in the Battle of Makino

Two years later, Shang and Zhou killed Prince Bigan and imprisoned Ji Zi? . At this time of Zhou Wang, dissolute and tyrannical to the extreme. When Jiang Ziya saw the time was ripe, he proposed to Ji Fa to cut down the trees. Ji Fa and notify governors * * * conquering together. Jiang Ziya selected 300 personnel carriers, 3,000 warriors and 45,000 soldiers to form a cutting force. When Ji Fa sent his troops, he thought the tortoise was unlucky. On the March, another storm happened, and the determination of Ji Fa and his ministers was once shaken. Jiang Ziya through the crowd, enhance the confidence of chop weeks. [34]? On Jiazi Day in the first month of the eleventh year, Zhou Jun arrived at Konoha, 70 miles outside Shangdu, and all the governors led four thousand chariots to meet him. Shang Zhouwang also assembled 700,000 troops (170,000) to March on Konoha. As soon as the curtain was raised, Jiang Ziya personally led a few elites as pioneers to challenge the front, and then Ji Fa led a great army to attack Shang Zhouwang's army. The Shang army was outnumbered, but the foot soldiers abandoned and fled. When Zhou Wang saw the tide ebbing, he hurried back to Chao Ge, boarded the deer platform and set himself on fire. [35]? Jiang Ziya led Ji Fa to sing in Yindu, telling the world that the Shang Dynasty was dead and the Zhou Dynasty was born.

The next day, standing on the altar, the ministers held Mingshui, Wei Kangshu sealed the colorful seats, and the stone led him to sacrifice. Shi Yi prayed according to the Raiders Book and told the gods about the crusade against the evil Shang and Zhou Dynasties. Distribute the coins accumulated by Shang and Zhou Dynasties in Lutai, and distribute the grain accumulated by Shang and Zhou Dynasties in Giant Bridge to help the poor. Build a tomb, raise the height, and release the imprisoned Ji Zi. Jiuding, a symbol of the highest power in the world, moved to Zhou, repaired government affairs, and began to create a new era with the people of the world. [36-37]?

Jiang Ziya protects the country.

After King Wu destroyed the Shang Dynasty, he negotiated with Jiang Ziya and others to divide the whole country into several vassal states, which were enfeoffed by the Emperor of Zhou to the relatives of Ji who contributed to the great cause of destroying the Shang Dynasty, and the capital was established as the barrier of the ruling center of the Zhou Dynasty, that is, the so-called "feudal relatives protected the Zhou Dynasty with vassals". Because of Jiang Ziya's outstanding achievements in prospering the Zhou Dynasty and destroying the business, he was first sealed in Diqi Yingqiu (now Linzi District of Zibo City) to establish Qi [38]? Stabilize the situation in the east.

Jiang Ziya at the beginning of the founding of Qi.

BC 1045, Jiang Ziya led his troops to Yingqiu. Due to the fatigue of the journey, this group of people moved slowly. One evening, they came to camp not far from the camp and prepared to arrive at the camp tomorrow. Someone said, "There is a saying that opportunities are rare. These people sleep soundly, just like building a capital in the countryside. " [39]? Hearing this, Jiang Ziya was all wide awake. Ordered to rectify the army, Dai Yue rushed to Yingqiu. At dawn, I came to the west bank of the Zi River and saw that the troops from other countries were struggling to make their way to Yingshan. The situation was very critical. [40]? It turns out that the country of origin is close to Yingqiu, and it belongs to Shang Zhouwang. Later, I wanted to seize the camp hill when Jiang Ziya was on shaky ground. The two armies fought on the west bank of the Zi River. Jiang Ziya commanded calmly, and the soldiers were brave and tenacious. Lai Jun was killed and walked back. Qi was formally established in this way.

After the establishment of Qi State, Jiang Ziya first ruled by law to stabilize people's hearts. Tang Yang of the Sikou camp disobeyed, took bribes to harm the people, spread rumors to mislead the people, and claimed to rule Qi with so-called "benevolence and righteousness", so people beheaded Tang Yang of the camp and made an imperial decree. [4 1]? In the East China Sea, there were lunatics and China brothers, who were called "sages" by people at that time. They did not submit to the emperor, nor did they work for the princes, and peacefully confronted the newly born Qi State with an uncooperative attitude. Jiang Ziya thought they were selfish, not loyal to the country, and were "black sheep", so he ordered them to be killed. [42]? At this time, Qi never dared to disobey orders and laws, and the chaotic situation was quickly solved. Only five months later, Jiang Ziya went to see Duke Zhou and reported his achievements in bringing peace and stability to the country. [43]?

Jiang Ziya is a powerful country and rich people.

Jiang Ziya pursues the policy of respecting the virtuous and valuing the meritorious in politics. It is to select talents to be officials, and absorb a large number of local talents from Dongyi to join the ruling class of Qi State, so that they can play their due role in national construction. For those who pass the examination and meet the criteria of selecting talents and appointing people, regardless of relatives and friends, give full play to their strengths and maximize their positive creativity. This route of employing people broke the shackles of the orthodox thought of "respecting relatives" based on blood relationship in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Jiang Taigong also promoted employment to the height of national rise and fall, and put forward the talent theory of "six guards", "eight signs" and "six don't need". Practice has proved that his thought of employing people not only created the precedent of appointing people on merit, but also laid the foundation for Qi to dominate other countries later.

Jiang Ziya after Qi became rich and strong.

Culturally, it pursues an enlightened policy of "simplicity due to customs". "Custom" refers to "foreign custom", that is, the lifestyle of local Dongyi people at that time; "Li" refers to "Yi Li", that is, the etiquette system of local Dongyi people at that time. Taigong believes that if Qi vigorously promotes the ceremony of etiquette and law, it will easily lead to ethnic conflicts, which is not conducive to governing and safeguarding the country. After careful consideration, he decided to proceed from the reality of Qi and the local area, be simple and polite, and pragmatically create a new system that can be accepted by Qi people without violating the rites of Zhou. [44]?

According to "History of Han Geography", "Carrying the sea together (X brake), there are few people and less food." "On Salt and Iron" said: "In the past, Taigong sealed Yingshan, and the grass was clear. The land is thin and there are few people. " Faced with extremely harsh natural conditions, Jiang Taigong has adapted to local conditions since the founding of Qi. While attaching importance to the development of millet and rice production, we should make full use of China's rich mineral resources and fish and salt resources to vigorously develop handicrafts such as smelting, silk and linen textile, fishery and salt industry. It also makes use of the convenient transportation of Qi State and the people's tradition of attaching importance to commerce, vigorously develops commerce, and carries out the policy of foreign trade in other countries' currencies. Under the guidance of this macro strategy of "agriculture, industry and commerce", the crowns, belts, clothes and shoes made by Qi sell well all over the world, fish and salt are circulated in various countries, and governors come to worship in succession. Qi has gradually developed from a remote and desolate small and poor country into a big and rich country living in the East. [45]?

Jiang Ziya Anding Zhoushi

Jiang Ziya assisted the Duke of Zhou in his crusade.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Jiang Ziya, as the "Taishi" of the Central Government of the Zhou Dynasty, spent quite a long time in Haojiang, assisting his grandson Zhou Chengwang Song Ji and great-grandson Zhou Kangwang Zhao Ji. His eldest sons, Ding Gong and Jiang Ji of Qi, did not go to Linzi to govern Qi. On the contrary, he has been Hu Ben's position in Haojing, leading the garrison in the palace. [46]? For more than 30 years after the founding of Qi, Yingqiu was basically guarded by his third son, Qiu Mugong. [47]? During the period of the King of Qi, Guan Shu, Cai Shu and Huo Shu were in the "Three Supervisors' Chaos", Huai Yi, Xu Yi and the "Five Emperors of Yin Dong" rose up against the Zhou Dynasty, and Jiang Taigong and his son assisted Zhou Gongdan or sat in Kyoto to plan; Or lead the troops to run around and take the lead; Or left and right echo, east and west attack, quickly put down the rebellion, and made great contributions to the second security week. [48]? Later, after Zhou Chengwang's death, Jiang Ziya and his son accepted the task of entrust an orphan to become a king, shouldered the heavy responsibility of assisting the prince, and then helped Prince Zhao Ji ascend to the throne with all the officials [49]? , known as Zhou Kangwang. [50]?

Jiang Ziya lives in Haojing.

Jiang Ziya in Good Scenes

In the sixth year of Zhou Kangwang, Jiang Ziya died in Haojing, the capital of Zhou Dynasty, at the age of 139, and his son Ding Gong and Jiang Ji succeeded to the throne [9]? . Ding Qi Palace general level continued to assist Zhou Kangwang, becoming the second assistant after that, leading the elite troops of the Zhou Dynasty with 3,000 warriors to defend.

Governing qi state

When Jiang Ziya was in the state of Qi, he took advantage of politics, followed customs, simplified etiquette, opened up industry and commerce, and developed fishing and salt industry. As a result, the people joined Qi and became a big country. Zhou Chengwang acceded to the throne when he was young, Guan Cai rebelled, and Huaiyi also betrayed the Zhou Dynasty. The king sent for Kang Gong and ordered Tai Gong to say, "East to the sea, west to the Yellow River, south to Muling and north to Wudi. The five governors here are all local officials. If they are guilty, they will order you to crusade. " Therefore, Qi can conquer all countries and form a big country with Yingqiu as its capital. [56]?

Jiang Ziya's Military Strategy

Jiang Ziya is a wise minister and an extraordinary political and military strategist, who has always been admired by the rulers of past dynasties, which is praised in many historical materials and literary works before the Tang Dynasty, such as The Book of Songs. After Emperor Taizong ascended the throne, foreign countries invaded each other, and domestic worries remained, resulting in political turmoil. The country is facing a situation where everything is in chaos and everything is in ruins. In order to achieve the goal of "ruling the country with peace of mind", he claimed to be the incarnation of Jiang Ziya and established the Taigong Temple in Panxi. He used this move to tell people that he would visit sages like Zhou Wenwang and reuse sages like Jiang Ziya. He later got a large number of politicians. In order to achieve domestic peace, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty needed people who were diligent, dedicated and loyal like Jiang Ziya, so in 73 1 year (the 19th year of Kaiyuan), it was convenient for all states in the world to build the Taigong Temple. He also asked Sean to share it and sacrifice it on May Day in the Spring and Autumn Period. Whenever sending troops or generals, civil and military juren want to send a letter, they must first visit the Taigong Temple. In 739 AD (the 27th year of Kaiyuan), Jiang Ziya was posthumously named "King of Martial Arts" and became the warrior sage of the Chinese nation. 1072 (Song Shenzong Xining five years), in order to resist foreign invasion, all military generals were ordered to read The Art of War.

Jiang Ziya statue (1 1)

Sima Qian said in Historical Records: "Zhou Qichang escaped from prison and conspired with Lu Shang to crush Xiu De's commercial politics, which involved many military intrigues. Therefore, the words of later generations and Zhou Yin's power were based on Taigong." This established Jiang Ziya's position as the founder of Chinese national strategic theory.

1972, Liu Tao's remains were excavated from the Han tomb in Dabie Mountain, Linyi, Shandong Province, and various versions and notes of Liu Tao were sorted out, which showed that Liu Tao had been popular before the Han Dynasty, denied the suspicion that Lu Shang was mistakenly believed by the ancients, and further confirmed that Jiang Ziya's writings on military theory were true. He left an indelible and rich legacy to future generations in military theory and strategic thought of political and economic struggle. People call him the father of military tactics.

China's ancient military theories, such as On War, The Art of War, The Art of War, Strategy and Tactics, all originated from Qi. Therefore, the squire is a brilliant strategist, a soldier of Qi, and a Wu Zu of China, which is well-deserved. It can be said that China's profound, resourceful, complete, well-established, long-standing, continuous and far-reaching military scientific theory would not exist without the Taigong theory and its established Qi strategist. Sun Wu, Gui Guzi, Huang Shigong and Zhuge Liang, the famous military strategists in China in ancient and modern times, have all studied and absorbed the essence of the Six Pagodas of Taigong, and Taigong's literary skills and strategies have also been used for reference in the fields of politics, economy, management, military affairs and science and technology in the world today.

Handed down works

Tamia Liu

Liu Tao, also known as Liu Taigong Tao, Taigong's Art of War and Su Shu, is a masterpiece of pre-Qin military thoughts, which has a great influence on later military thoughts and is known as the father of the art of war. Sima Qian's Shi Ji Shi Jia said: "The words of later generations are the yin merits of Zhou. They all live in Taigong. " During the Yuanfeng period in northern Song Shenzong, Liu Tao was listed as one of the Seven Martial Arts Books, which was a must-read book for martial arts. Tamia Liu was introduced to Japan in the16th century and to Europe in the18th century, and was translated into Japanese, French, Korean, Vietnamese, English and Russian.

affect

Jiang Ziya ruled the country because of its vulgarity, simplicity and propriety.

The policy of "the benefit of fish and salt" has been handed down from generation to generation in the history of Qi for hundreds of years, which has had a great influence and laid the historical position of Qi culture. Taigong has been dead for more than three thousand years. People worship his noble personality, mourn his great achievements, fabricate many fairy tales and praise him with simple feelings. It is said that he studied Taoism in Kunlun Mountain, then went down the mountain to help Zhou destroy the merchants under the teacher's order, and then made a name for himself under the teacher's order. This made him gradually deified in books such as Taiping Yu Lan and Shen Fengji. In the Ming Dynasty, Xu's reverence for Taigong was beyond words. He wrote a mythical novel "The Legend of Immortals", which described Taigong as the god in charge of all the gods in the world. The magic and majesty of the squire became the idol of exorcism and strengthening the body. Although these are beyond the historical truth, they reflect the lofty position of Jiang Ziya in people's minds.

Sun Wu, Gui Guzi, Huang Shigong and Zhuge Liang, the famous military strategists in ancient and modern China, have all studied and absorbed the essence of the Six Towers of Taigong, which is still used for reference in politics, economy, management, military affairs, science and technology in today's world.

sacrifice

Before the Tang and Song Dynasties, Jiang Ziya was honored as the originator of military strategists by emperors and ancient books, and named Jiang Ziya as a success. Wuci is the abbreviation of Chengci? . , and named Jiang Ziya Zhao Liewu. [63]? In the Yuan Dynasty, folk added some myths and legends to Jiang Ziya. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Xu wrote the novel Romance of Gods. From then on, Jiang Ziya changed from a man to a god, widely believed by the people, and was honored as "Wu Zu, the supreme immortal, god of light, the deity, the god of the gods, the ancestor" by the people.

Water under the bridge, it's no use crying over spilt milk.

Jiang Ziya learned about fishing earlier, and his family was poor. His wife, Marsh, doesn't like Jiang Shang and wants to leave. Jiang Ziya advised her: "I will make a fortune one day. Don't do that." The horse didn't listen to advice and left. Later, Jiang Ziya helped the King of Zhou to establish the Zhou Dynasty. Ma sees his position and wealth is good, and wants to join Jiang Ziya and have a second time. But Jiang Ziya had already seen through the horse's personality, so he threw a pot of water on the ground and asked the horse to get it back. Horses can only get back the dirt. Jiang Ziya went on to say, "Words are consistent, but water cannot be gathered up."