The American people with a history of about 500 years are a brave and freedom-loving people. Originally from all over the world, they were formed by the long-term coexistence and combination of many different cultures, races and religions, and gradually became proud of being Americans. /kloc-Before 0/7th century, only Indians and Eskimos lived in Yuan Ye in North America, but after more than 100 years of immigration, it has become a new home for people of all European countries, the most important of which is the colony of 13, which was established by the British and declared its independence from Britain. After several consultations and reforms, the federal United States officially entered the world stage on the eve of the French Revolution. Early America welcomed immigrants, and these immigrants made her grow rapidly. The population of the United States was only 3 million in 1776, and now it has exceeded 200 million. In the process of rapid population growth, new living space is constantly opened up, and the direction has always been from east to west. The pioneers of frontier expansion not only engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry, but also looked for minerals and other resources. By the 20th century, the United States has become not only a world power, but also an advanced country with scientific, technological, medical and military powers. During the colonial period (1607 years ago), more than 20,000 years ago, there were a group of vagrants from Asia who came to Central and South America through North America. These people are the ancestors of Indians. When Columbus discovered the New World, there were about 20 million Indians living in America, of whom about 1 10,000 lived in today's Canada and north-central America, and most of the rest lived in today's Mexico and South America. About 1 10,000 years ago, another group of Asians moved to northern North America, which became the Eskimos. The first white people to come to America may be vikings. They are a group of adventurous fishermen. Some people think that they went to the east coast of North America 1 0,000 years ago. During the colonial period (1607 ~1753)1607, a colonial group of about1000 people established Jamestown in Schabik Beach, which was the first permanent British colony in North America. In the next 150 years, many colonists came in and settled in the coastal areas, most of them came from Britain, and some came from France, Germany, the Netherlands, Ireland and other countries. 1In the middle of the 8th century, 13 British colonies gradually formed, with their own government and parliament under the supreme sovereignty of Britain. Due to the differences in climate and geographical environment, these 13 colonies have different economic forms, political systems and concepts. Independence Movement (1754 ~1783)1In the middle of the 8th century, there was a rift between Britain and American colonies. The expansion of the colonies made them consciously persecuted in Britain, and they had the idea of independence. 1774, representatives from 12 states gathered in Philadelphia to hold the so-called first continental congress, hoping to find a reasonable way to solve the problem peacefully with Britain. But the British king insisted that the colony must unconditionally submit to the British king and accept punishment. 1775, the war was ignited in Massachusetts, and the second continental congress was held in May, which strengthened the determination of war and independence, issued the famous Declaration of Independence, and put forward sufficient reasons for fighting this war, which was also the key factor to win the final victory. 178 1 year, the us military won a decisive victory. 1783, the United States and Britain signed the Treaty of Paris, ending the War of Independence. The revolution successfully formed a new government (1784 ~ 18 19), which gave the American people the opportunity to express their political ideas in the form of legislation. 1787, a federal conference was held in Philadelphia, during which Washington was promoted as the chairman. They adopted the principle that the power of the central government is universal, but it must be carefully defined and explained. At the same time, they also accepted the fact that the national government must have the right to tax, mint money, adjust commerce, declare war and conclude treaties. In addition, in order to prevent the central power from being too large, Montesquieu's political theory of balance of power is adopted, that is, three departments of equal cooperation and mutual checks and balances are set up in the government, that is, the legislative, administrative and judicial powers are reconciled and balanced with each other, and no power occupies a controlling position. Expansion to the West (1820 ~1849) At the beginning of the 9th century, thousands of people crossed the Appalachian Mountains and moved westward. Some pioneers moved to the American border and even went deep into the territory between Alaska and California belonging to Mexico and Oregon. Pioneers bravely and diligently sought a better life in the west. The conflict between north and south (1850 ~ 1869) triggered civil war, not only because of economic, political and military problems, but also because of ideological conflicts. The civil war exposed America's weakness. The existence of this country has been tested. After this test, the United States embarked on the road of a centralized and modern country. There is a dispute between the north and the south on the issue of slavery. The main policy of the south in national politics is to protect and expand the interests represented by the "cotton and slavery" system; The northern States are mainly manufacturing, commercial and financial centers, and there is no need to rely on slaves for these production. This kind of economic and political conflict has a long history. In the early 1960s, 1 1 Southern states broke away from the federation and formed another government, while the North said that it would do whatever it took to achieve reunification. 186 1 year, the civil war broke out. Americans fought face to face for four years, and the south was severely damaged, leaving deep scars. 1865, the defeat of the north not only shows the reunification of the United States, but also shows that slavery is no longer practiced in the whole country. Industrialization and Reform (1870 ~1916)1At the beginning of the 9th century, the United States began to industrialize, but it entered a mature stage after the civil war. In less than 50 years from the Civil War to the First World War, she changed from a rural republic to an urbanized country. Machines have replaced manual work, and products have greatly increased. The national railway network has improved the circulation of goods. In order to meet the needs of the public, many new inventions have entered the market. The banking industry provides loans to promote the development of industry and commerce. So the nearly 30 years from 1890 to 19 17 is called the so-called "progress period". 19 14 World War broke out, and in 19 17, the United States was finally involved in the whirlpool of war and tried to play a new role in the world. The new position of the world (19 17 ~ 1929) During the post-war period of 10, American society and culture can be said to be lifeless and emotionless, belonging to the merchant class. According to the statistics of 1929, the proportion of people living in cities and rural areas is 56%: 44%. At this time, all the features of modern life, such as cars, telephones, radios and washing machines, have become necessities of life. The post-war economy was extremely prosperous for two reasons. First, the government stops interfering with private enterprises and protects them through legislation. Secondly, it is driven by new technologies. Although the economy is growing rapidly, the foundation is unstable. The economic recession and economic panic in World War II (1930 ~ 1959) not only affected the United States, but also hit all countries in the world. The economic panic caused millions of workers to lose their jobs, a large number of farmers were forced to give up their farmland, factories and shops closed, banks closed ... and there was a depression. 1932, Roosevelt was elected president. He argued that the government should take action to end the economic panic. Although the new government solved many difficulties, the American economy didn't wake up until World War II. After World War II, the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union deteriorated day by day, and preparations were stepped up in military, political, economic and propaganda aspects, just like in wartime. This state is called "Cold War". Since 1960, American history has been a continuation of postwar development in many ways. Economically, it is still expanding except for the cyclical recession; The population migrating from the city to the suburbs is increasing continuously. In 1970, the population living in the suburbs exceeded the population living in the city. 1960, the black issue has become the most important issue in the United States. In the mid-1960s, many Americans began to be dissatisfied with the government's foreign policy. In addition, due to the development of industry and the concentration of population, the ecological environment pollution in the late 1960s caused widespread concern. In the early 1970s, the economic depression caused by the energy crisis was the worst since the Great Panic. In the mid-1970s, the economy once recovered, but in the late 1970s, inflation reappeared. 1976, the bicentennial of the founding of the United States, various celebrations were held all over the country. 1981April 12, the United States successfully launched the space shuttle Columbia, bringing mankind into another new era in space. 1985 Reagan was re-elected. In the ever-changing history of human development, America will turn a new page.

Now, let's take a look at whether the economy in Mao Zedong era is facing collapse or great development;