China's Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced that the area of the United States is 93726 15 square kilometers. Of course, we can't believe that the area of the United States can be accurate to 1 square kilometer. According to this figure, the area of China ranks third in the world after Russian and Canadian.
According to the figures in Atlas of China (June 2004 edition 10), the areas of provinces, cities and districts above are accumulated, with a total area of 9,333,027 square kilometers. The area of each province is only accurate to 10,000, and 24 provinces and regions are more than XX square kilometers, with an average increase of 0.5 million square kilometers per place. A total of 6.5438+0.2 million square kilometers, with a total area of only 9.453 million square kilometers, which is 6.5438+0.4 million square kilometers worse than 9.6 million square kilometers and larger than Anhui. I really don't know how these figures are worked out.
I checked the digital data of the land area of China and the United States abroad, and the problem became more complicated. According to Encarta Encyclopedia of Microsoft, the area of China is 957 1300 square kilometers, while that of the United States is 9629047 square kilometers. It is also clearly pointed out that the United States is the third country after Russia and Canada. According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, the area of China is 9,572,900 square kilometers, that of the United States is 95 18287 square kilometers, and the third largest is China. According to the American Columbia Encyclopedia, the area of China is 956 1000 square kilometers, and that of the United States is 9 166598 square kilometers. It is said that the area of the United States is the fourth largest in the world. According to the data found on the website of CIA, the total area of China is 9,596,960 square kilometers, of which the land area is 93264 10/0 square kilometers and the water area is 270,550 square kilometers, and it is pointed out that the area of China is slightly smaller than that of the United States. The United States has a total area of 963 14 18 square kilometers, a land area of 9 16 1923 square kilometers and a water area of 469,495 square kilometers. After looking up so much information, it should be authoritative, but it is still unclear who is the third largest country, China or the United States. The area of China is only 20,000-30,000 square kilometers away from 9.6 million, while the area data of the United States are quite different, which is estimated to be caused by different calculation methods of water area. The five lakes in the northern United States and Canada have a total area of 245,660 square kilometers. The area of the United States recorded in the Columbia Encyclopedia may only be the land area. I don't know how the area of the United States published by China is calculated as 93726 15 square kilometers. In terms of land area, China should rank third in the world, and with water area, China should rank fourth. If you add the ocean area (China's ocean area is about 3 million square kilometers), China should rank second.
Although China now claims 9.6 million, in fact at least 400,000 are not in our hands. I don't want to talk about politics today, but only talk about the territorial issue of China from a professional perspective. I majored in cartography as a graduate student and GIS as an undergraduate. I dare not say that what I said is right, but I am sure that I have more opportunities to contact maps than most people. As we all know, after the disintegration of the former Soviet Union, the Sino-Russian border was much less than that of the former Soviet Union. As far as the western section is concerned, it is only about 50 kilometers. China has strict control over Xinjiang, so it is impossible to lose its territory, but it does have territorial disputes with neighboring countries. I'll talk about this later, but there is no territorial dispute between China and Russia in the western section.
In this way, the 400,000 square kilometers mentioned by that person is in the eastern section of the Sino-Russian border. Friends who are a little familiar with geography know that the eastern border between China and Russia is mainly composed of three boundary rivers, namely the Ergon River, which is the boundary river between Russia and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region; Heilongjiang and Wusuli River are the boundary rivers between Russia and Heilongjiang Province, and the southwest of Xingkai Lake is the land boundary, but it is not long, so it should not be the 400,000 position they said. Therefore, the problem can only be found in the Heilongjiang River Basin and the Wusuli River Basin. Today, I refer to the map and list several border cities (including county towns) along the Heilongjiang River Basin and the Wusuli River Basin. I want to see which of these places are "out of China's hands". These places are Mohe, Huma, Heihe, Xunke, Jiayin, Lubei and Fuyuan. The first few are easy to rule out. Mohe is a famous Arctic village in China. As we all know, 1999, I remember another astronomical wonder is that Mohe in China is the best observation point, so Mohe was excluded. Huma is a famous gold mine in China. Needless to say. Although I'm not familiar with Heihe River, it's a coincidence that one of my college classmates is from there. According to him, it is an important border defense town with particularly developed traffic. Xunke, Jiayin, Lubei, Fuyuan. I don't know about these places, but I used Google and Yahoo to search, and I can find out the areas, the seat of the population government, and even the postal codes and telephone area codes of these areas, which is enough to prove that they are all under the control of China. If there are friends in Heilongjiang on this forum, they will find my writing funny and think it is common sense, but some people who don't know the truth have been cheated.
As for the territorial disputes between Xinjiang and neighboring countries, they can be traced back to the Qing Dynasty. In the late 1970s, Russia encouraged nomadic people from Central Asia to invade Xinjiang, China, and established a so-called "nine-city state" in Xinjiang, announcing Xinjiang's secession from the Qing government. Under the pressure of the people all over the country, the Qing government sent left-led troops to recover Xinjiang, and with the cooperation of the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang, the Qing army recovered all Xinjiang territory except Yili. Because Ili (now near Yining City) was directly stationed by Russian troops, the Qing court at that time wanted to hold peace talks first, if not, then fight. During the peace talks, Russia assumed a greedy face and made a naked territorial claim to China. The representative of the Qing dynasty rejected Russia's request. Zuo ordered the March, and he let people carry coffins in front to show his determination to recover the motherland to the death. Forced by China's firm attitude, Russia decided to withdraw its troops from Ili, but it still occupied nearly 70,000 square kilometers of China. Because Xinjiang was occupied, the order had not been fully restored, the Qing government was busy eliminating bandits' remnants, and the occupied territory was not connected as before, but divided into several sections, so how much China lost himself was also a fool's account. After the founding of the Republic of China, the Beiyang government sent people to conduct on-the-spot investigation, only to find that Russia had unconsciously invaded China's territory of 7 1000 square kilometers, while successive governments in China declared that they would never admit the status quo caused by Russia's occupation of China's territory. Especially after the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), he raised objections to the former Soviet Union several times, but the other side refused to negotiate with China on the grounds of "unclear border". After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, these areas were actually controlled by Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan, but China never gave up its sovereignty claim. In 2000 and 20001year, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan returned 3,700 square kilometers of land to China under the strong diplomatic pressure of China and the temptation of "silver egg policy". Friends who are slightly familiar with international current affairs may know that this has triggered large-scale demonstrations in Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. Although 3700 is far from what China advocated, it is a good start after all.
Finally, I'll tell you the actual territorial area of China now: 9.48 million square kilometers (excluding territorial waters and 89,000 square kilometers of Indian-occupied southern Tibet), which I found in the National Geographic Center.
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China has 9.6 million square kilometers of land, which even primary school students know; But the size of the ocean in China is not clear to everyone. How can we maximize the national interests of the "disputed" maritime territory? Is military means a good choice? How to realize our maritime sovereignty and give full play to the role of our oceans will test the wisdom of our nation.
Obviously, it is only in jurisprudence and fact.
After the establishment of maritime sovereignty, marine resources can be better developed and utilized. How can we maximize the national interests of the "disputed" maritime territory? Diplomatic efforts and military means are important, but many problems cannot be solved by force alone. How to solve it in the end tests the wisdom of our nation.
Is there more or less maritime land in China?
China has 9.6 million square kilometers of land, which is known to all primary school students. But not everyone knows the question "How big is the ocean area of China".
On the website of a residential district in the northeast of Beijing, the reporter made a small survey at random, and 10 people answered. Seven of them simply answered "I don't know", and the other two guessed at random. One said it was 7.8 million square kilometers, the other said it was about 5 million square kilometers, and only one netizen named Yan Zi replied that it was 3 million square kilometers. The correct answer to "Purple Smoke" is the staff of a news website in China.
"3 million square kilometers" is a recognized marine land area in China. During the interview, the reporter learned from the authoritative department that China's ocean area is 2.997 million square kilometers, which is about one third of the land area.
Chen Guangqi, a senior researcher at the Naval Military Art Institute, said: "In addition to the land area of 9.6 million square kilometers, there are 3 million square kilometers of marine land under the jurisdiction, which must be taken into account."
It is a common saying that China is a land power and a maritime power. Judging from the absolute amount of marine resources, it can be said that the length of China's coastline is 6.5438+0.8 million kilometers, ranking fourth in the world; The continental shelf ranks fifth in the world, and the exclusive economic zone of 200 nautical miles ranks tenth in the world.
But Chen Guangqi has his own views on this. He said: "China is a maritime power, but it is not a maritime power." According to the data provided by Professor Chen, China ranks only 94th in the world in terms of the average coastline length per unit land area. According to the ratio of sea area under jurisdiction to mainland area, the average of coastal countries in the world is 0.94, while that of China is only 0.3, which is less than one third of the average. Our neighboring countries, such as Japan, North Korea, Viet Nam and the Philippines, exceeded1,2. 17, 2. 19, 6.3 1 respectively, greatly surpassing China. As for the per capita marine area, the average of the coastal countries in the world is 0.026 square kilometers, while that of China is only 0.0029 square kilometers, which is only one tenth of the world average, while the average level of the maritime countries adjacent to China is more than 10 times that of China.
How much ocean land is in dispute?
The above data are based on the premise that "China has an ocean area of 3 million square kilometers". However, the reality is that China is facing a fierce maritime delimitation dispute, and it is still quite difficult to fight for 3 million square kilometers of maritime areas under the jurisdiction of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.
The sea area of China consists of Yellow Sea, Bohai Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea. There is no dispute except that the Bohai Sea is an internal water. The other three sea areas need to be reasonably divided with neighboring countries according to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea formulated by 1982.
So, how many maritime territories are disputed? According to media reports, half of China's maritime territory is disputed, and it is also reported that it is more than 654.38+100,000 square kilometers.
According to Outlook Oriental Weekly, in the Yellow Sea, 250,000 square kilometers out of a total area of 380,000 square kilometers should be under the jurisdiction of China. However, on the issue of maritime delimitation, South Korea advocates taking equidistant lines as the boundary. If divided according to this, the DPRK and the ROK can delimit an additional 6.5438+0.8 million square kilometers. In other words, the disputed sea area between China and North Korea and South Korea is 6.5438+0.8 million square kilometers.
In the East China Sea, Diaoyu Island, the inherent territory of China, was illegally occupied by Japan; The continental shelf in the East China Sea is a natural extension of China's land. So 770,000 square kilometers of sea area should be 540,000 square kilometers under my jurisdiction. Japan, on the other hand, proposed that China and Japan are common shelving countries and demanded that the sea areas be divided according to the middle line. According to Japan's unreasonable demands, there are 6.5438+0.6 million square kilometers of disputed areas between Japan and China.
In the South China Sea, my maritime rights and interests have been more seriously violated.
The reporter verified this in many ways, and the figures obtained from authoritative marine research institutions are: the disputed marine land is about 1.2 million square kilometers. However, due to various reasons, the specific data may not be published.
Which comes first, sovereignty or development?
In the face of disputes, China put forward the idea of "shelving disputes and jointly developing". It should be said that the proposal of "shelving disputes and jointly developing" fully reflects the good wishes of the government and people of China, but unfortunately, while we are waiting for joint development, others have taken the lead in developing it. Although the code of conduct in the South China Sea has been signed, the situation is still grim.
How do we deal with this situation?
Wang Peiyun, former editor-in-chief of China Offshore Oil News, accepted an interview with this newspaper in writing. He said: "I think, first of all, don't forget that there is a premise of' shelving disputes and jointly developing', and that is' sovereignty belongs to me'. Because the so-called disputed areas, including the South China Sea Islands and Diaoyu Islands, have belonged to China since ancient times, countries around the world have never raised any objections to this in the past. " In his view, we should be confident, strive for truth and make a difference at the same time. "If we don't take positive actions to develop, we just passively wait for other countries to develop together with us. No one will care about this, and common development is impossible. For example, the oil and gas-rich area in Nansha sea area is controversial in some places and not controversial in others. We should at least start exploration and development in uncontroversial places as soon as possible, and erect our drilling platform and oil production platform to show our presence in Nansha. Only in this way can we lay the foundation for joint development with relevant countries in disputed areas. "
Zhang Wenmu, an associate researcher at the Institute of Contemporary International Relations, said in a telephone interview with this newspaper: "If there is a problem with China's sovereign interests, it will be at sea first."
Safeguarding national sovereignty means safeguarding national interests. Wang Peiyun believes that it is very important to go out and let the world hear the voice of China. He said, first of all, we should actively participate in the discussion and formulation of international laws and regulations on the oceans of the United Nations, so that they can reasonably reflect our interests and requirements. Secondly, we should actively participate in international academic exchanges on the ocean, especially don't avoid existing disputes. We should let the world know China's point of view, and get familiar with the ins and outs of China's current marine situation, so as to gain the understanding and support of the broad masses of just people.