Li Shimin (65438+5981October 28th [1], 65438+1October 23rd [2], 749-10), a native of Longxi, was Li Yuan and Queen Dou.
Li Shimin joined the army as a teenager and went to Yanmenguan to rescue Yang Di. After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, Li Shimin, the official residence of Shang Shuling, was the general of the right army, and was later named Qin Gong and King of Qin. He led his troops to pacify Xue, Liu Wuzhou, Dou Jiande and Wang, and made great contributions to the establishment and unification of the Tang Dynasty.
On July 2nd, 626 (the fourth day of June 9th, Wude), Li Shimin launched the Xuanwumen Rebellion, killing his brother, Prince Li, and his fourth brother, King Li Yuanji of Qi, and his son, and was made a prince. Soon Tang Gaozu tang gaozu abdicated, Li Shimin acceded to the throne, and changed her virginity. [3]
When Li Shimin became emperor, he actively listened to the opinions of ministers, ruled the country with courtesy at home, was modest and courteous, practiced economy, advised farmers and mulberry, made the people recuperate, enriched the country and strengthened the people, and created the famous chastity rule in China history. Open up the territory to the outside world, attack and destroy the East Turkistan and Xueyantuo, conquer Gaochang, Qiuci and Tuguhun, hit Goguryeo hard, and set up four towns in Anxi, where all ethnic groups lived in harmony and were respected as Tiankhan by the people of all ethnic groups, laying an important foundation for the prosperous times of the Tang Dynasty 100 years.
On July 10 (May 23rd, Zhenguan) in 649 AD, Li Shimin died of illness in Hanfeng Temple at the age of 52, and he reigned for 23 years. His temple name is Taizong and he was buried in Zhaoling. Li Shimin loved literature and calligraphy, while Mo Bao was handed down from generation to generation.
Zhao Guangyi is the third son and younger brother of Empress Dowager Song Xuanzu, Zhao and Du. Chen Jia (165438+9391October 20th) was born in the official residence of Shengying Camp in Chongde North Square, Junyi County, Kaifeng. [2]
At first, Zhao Guangyi's mother dreamed that the fairy held the sun for her, so she got pregnant. Until the night when Zhao Guangyi was born, the red light was like fire, and the streets were full of exotic smells.
Zhao Guangyi was smart since he was a child, but he didn't fit in. He was afraid of him when playing games with other children. In 960, Zhao Guangyi took part in the mutiny in Chen Qiaoyi and made his brother Zhao Kuangyin emperor.
Song Taizong
After Zhao Kuangyin acceded to the throne, he appointed Zhao Guangyi as a dangerous general in front of the temple, led his troops to defend Zhou Mu, and soon led the Taining army to our time. After the Li Zhongjin conquest, Zhao Guangyi was appointed as the capital's ouchi, he was appointed as the general secretary, and he was appointed as the general secretary. After the fall of Taiyuan, Zhao Guangyi changed its name to stay in Dongdu. If you don't give him a halberd, you will make him King of Jin, ranking above the Prime Minister.
In the ninth year of Kaibao (976), on the evening of October 19th of the lunar calendar, Zhao Kuangyin called Zhao Guangyi into the palace to drink and stayed in the palace that night. The next morning (1October 20th), Zhao Kuangyin died suddenly. On 2 1 day, Zhao Guangyi, king of Jin, acceded to the throne as Song Taizong.
After Zhao Guangyi succeeded to the throne, he first changed his title to "Taiping and Xingguo", saying that he wanted to make a difference. His younger brother was appointed as Kaifengfu Yin and Zhongshuling, Qi Wang and nephew Zhao Dezhao were appointed as our time and county king, and Ye Zhao was appointed as our time. The children of Song Taizu and Zhao Tingmei are both called the daughters of the emperor, and Song Taizu's three daughters are princesses. Xue, Shen Lun, Lu Duoxun, Cao Bin and Chu Zhaofu were all knighted, and their descendants gained official positions. Zhao Guangyi pardoned some people who Song Taizu had punished or wanted to punish before his death. However, Zhao Guangyi paid attention to cultivating and promoting his cronies. Members of the shogunate, such as Cheng Yu, Chen and Zhang Ping, successively entered the imperial court to hold important positions, gradually replacing the ministers of the dynasty. In addition, Zhao Pu, "xianggong", Gao Huaide, Feng, and other veterans were deposed and transferred to the vicinity of the capital as officials, which was easy to control.
Zhao Guangyi has expanded the number of candidates for the imperial examination. During his administration, the number of candidates for the first imperial examination was more than twice that of Song Taizu. The imperial examination gave many talented people the opportunity to be officials.
After consolidating the throne, Zhao Guangyi continued the great cause of reunification. In 978, under the political pressure of the Song Dynasty, Chen, who was enfeoffed in Fujian, and Wu, who was enfeoffed in Zhejiang, surrendered to Song Tingna successively.
In the first month of the fourth year of Taiping and Xingguo (979), Zhao Guangyi first sent a general, Pan Mei, and other troops to the north to besiege Taiyuan, the capital of the Northern Han Dynasty. In February, he led an army to personally expedition, repelled Liao reinforcements and destroyed the Northern Han Dynasty. Finally, it ended the nearly 90-year-old situation of warlord separatist strife since the Huang Chao Rebellion in the late Tang Dynasty, and formally unified the whole country again.
In May of the same year, Zhao Guangyi took advantage of the Northern Han Dynasty and launched the Northern Expedition from Taiyuan, regardless of the opposition of his ministers. At the beginning of the Northern Expedition, Yizhou and Zhuozhou in Hebei Province were once recovered. Zhao Guangyi ordered the siege of Yanjing, and Song Jun and Liao fought fiercely on the banks of the sorghum river. Zhao Guangyi went to the battlefield in person and was injured by an arrow. He evacuated in a donkey cart, and the Northern Expedition failed.
In the fifth year of Taiping and Xingguo (980), Hou Renbao, a doctor of the Song Dynasty, played Zhao Guangyi, requesting to take advantage of the civil strife in the Ding Dynasty in Jiaodi (Vietnam) to crusade against the south, restore the old Xinjiang in Han and Tang Dynasties, and unify Jiaodi (Vietnam). Therefore, Zhao Guangyi appointed Hou Renbao as the land and water transportation ambassador of Jiaozhou; Sun Quanxing was appointed as the ambassador of Lanling, Hao Shoujun as the ambassador of Lacquer, Chen Qin and Zuo Wei as the ambassador of Saddle Basket, and Cui Liang as the ambassador of General Zuo Jianmen. Liu Cheng, the secretariat of Ningzhou, Jia Kun, the deputy commander of the armory, and Wang Xu, the door of Baiguan Pavilion, were all deployed to attack Ding. However, in the sixth year of Taiping (98 1), the Battle of Baiteng River won first and then lost, and the plan to unify Jiaotoe (Vietnam) finally fell through, and Jiaotoe (Vietnam) was able to maintain its independent status.
In the third year of Yongxi (986), he sent five generals, Pan Mei, Yang Ye, Tian Zhong, Cao Bin and Cui, who were divided into three roads, namely East Road, West Road and Northern Expedition. The West Road and the Middle Road Army marched smoothly, but the main East Road Army was repeatedly defeated by the Liao Army, and the route to provide food and grass was cut off, but it failed to meet the West Road and was defeated at Qigou Pass. Middle Road and West Second Road had to be evacuated to the south. Yang Ye, the leader of the marked army, was captured by the Liao army for covering the southward withdrawal of soldiers and civilians, and died after three days of hunger strike in prison. Later, in the Northern Song Dynasty, the battles in Sanchuankou, Haoshuichuan and Dingchuanzhai, the Tangut of Xixia, were repeatedly defeated, but they made peace with Song Ting because they were tired of war. Zhao Guangyi appointed his cronies Fu Qian, Wang Chao, Chai Yuxi, Zhao Rong, Zhang Xun, Yang Shouyi and You Dechao as commanders-in-chief of the imperial army. He is a mediocre man, and he is afraid of war when he gets cold feet.
In February of the fourth year of Chunhua (993), a peasant uprising launched by Wang Xiaobo and Li Shun broke out in Sichuan. Wherever the rebels went, all the property of the rich family except daily necessities was made public, which was echoed by farmers in Shu. In the first month of the following year, the insurgents occupied Chengdu and established the Dashu regime. When Zhao Guangyi learned this, he sent two armies to beg for it. The rebel army finally failed completely in Daodao for two years (996).
Zhao Guangyi's eldest son, Zhao Yuanzuo, has been clever and alert since childhood, and looks like Zhao Guangyi. Zhao Yuanzuo knows martial arts and is good at riding and shooting. He has been to Taiyuan and Ji You with Zhao Guangyi. Ben is the most suitable crown prince. Unexpectedly, Zhao Yuanzuo went crazy because of the abnormal death of his uncle Zhao Tingmei.
In the second year of Yongxi (985), on the Double Ninth Festival, Zhao Guangyi called several sons to have a banquet in the palace. Zhao Yuanzuo was not invited because he had not recovered. After the banquet, I went to visit with Zhao. Zhao Yuanzuo was very angry when he learned about the banquet and kept drinking. In the middle of the night, I simply set a fire and burned down the palace. At that time, the halls and pavilions were full of smoke and flames. When Zhao Guangyi learned about it, he guessed that Zhao Yuanzuo might have done it, so he ordered people to investigate, and Zhao Yuanzuo admitted it. Zhao Yuanzuo was abolished as Shu Ren. Later, Wang, the second Chen, became a candidate for the crown prince, and so did it.
In the third year of Yongxi (986), in July of the lunar calendar, Zhao was renamed Zhao Yuanxuan and was appointed as the quasi-crown prince. In the same year, Yongxi lost the Northern Expedition. Zhao Pu's contribution in "Persuading Yongxi to the Northern Expedition" was awarded by Zhao Guangyi. Later, Zhao Yuanxuan also talked about cutting Liao, which was adopted.
In 988, Zhao Pu became a prime minister for the third time, and his authority was shaken again. Chen, who strongly supported and wooed Zhao Pu, was also promoted to, further consolidating the position of the Crown Prince. After Zhao Pu's ouster, Zhao Yuanxuan had a close relationship with another prime minister, Lv Mengzheng. The establishment of storage is progressing step by step. I don't want to be in Chunhua for three years (992). In November of the lunar calendar, Zhao Yuanxuan returned home early and was unwell. He passed away soon. Zhao Guangyi was very sad. He went on strike for five days and wrote a poem about missing children.
Zhao Yuanzuo was abolished, Zhao Yuanxuan died suddenly, and the storage space was vacant, so Zheng Feng and others invited him to establish a prince early, and Zhao Guangyi demoted Zheng Feng and others to Lingnan. Since then, no one has dared to talk about inheritance.
Later, Zhao Guangyi was troubled by an arrow wound and knew that he would die soon. Then ask Kou Zhun privately. With the support of Kou Zhun, finally in the first year of Daoguang (995), Zhao Guangyi's third son, Zhao Yuankan, was made the Crown Prince and renamed Zhao Heng.
Zhao Guangyi conferred the title of prince and granted amnesty to the whole world. People in the capital cheered when they saw the prince, but Zhao Guangyi was very unhappy. After Kou Zhun's persuasion, my mood improved.
In the third year of Taoism (997), in March of the lunar calendar, Zhao Guangyi collapsed in the Long Live Hall of Tokyo Palace. He is 59 years old and has been in office for 22 years. Crown Prince Zhao Heng ascended the throne for Song Zhenzong. The ministers respected Emperor Wu Wen of Shengde, whose temple name was Taizong. In October of the same year, he was buried in Yongxi Mausoleum.