Chen Yin, chief plucker of China Broadcasting National Orchestra.
Judge of Zhao Cong CCTV National Instrumental Music Competition.
Professor Zhang Qiang, Department of Folk Music, Central Conservatory of Music.
Jiang Yan is a pipa soloist of Happy Chamber Orchestra.
Li Hui, associate professor of pipa major in Central Conservatory of Music.
Lan Weiwei won the third prize of 200 1 National Pipa Competition.
Miao is a first-class performer in the National Orchestra of China Radio Art Troupe.
Ma Lin, a young pipa player of the Armed Police Art Troupe.
The ancient Tang emperor Yang Guifei could play the pipa, and Wang Zhaojun. I heard that Jiang Ziya can also play.
2. What is the name of Liu Xi's famous ancient pipa, also known as "Pipa", which was first recorded in the Han Dynasty? Interpretation of musical instruments: "Those were originally Hu Zhong's, and they immediately played drums.
Push the hand before saying "approval" and hold the hand when saying "handling", just like when playing drums, because of its name. This means that the pipa is a musical instrument that is played on a horse. When playing forward, it is called batch, and when picking backward, it is called handle; According to its performance characteristics, it is named "batch handle".
Pipa is a traditional plucked instrument in East Asia with a history of more than 2,000 years. The earliest musical instrument in China was the pipa of the Qin Dynasty. The name "Pipa" comes from the so-called "pushing hand is loquat, leading hand is loquat" (the most basic plucking skill), so it is called "Pipa".
Before the Tang Dynasty, the pipa was also a general term for all plucked instruments of the Pipa family in Chinese. Chinese pipa spread to other parts of East Asia and developed into Japanese pipa, Korean pipa and Vietnamese pipa.
Expand the structure of data pipa: Pipa consists of "head" and "body". The club head includes chord groove, chord shaft and mountain pass. The fuselage includes phase, taste, sound box, hand cover and other parts.
The head of a pipa consists of a chord groove, four hammers (chords) and a mountain pass. The upper end of the pipa body is also called "neck", that is, "phase". The upper end of the neck is called "pillow" and the middle and lower part is called "taste". In ancient times, phase sum product was called "column", which was a phoneme device.
The middle and lower part of the fuselage is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, and the bottom is semi-circular hollow, that is, the sound box; The grade is glued to the panel made of phoenix tree, and the four strings are tied in the four holes of the hand cover. There is a small hole on the panel in the center of the hand cover, which is called "sound receiving hole" or "sound outlet hole". The back of the body is called "Pipa Back", the upper end of the back is connected with the head, the middle and lower part of the back is bonded with the panel, and the abdomen has two rungs and several sound columns, which are placed in a certain position; The base materials are rosewood, black material, old mahogany, rosewood, fragrant mahogany and so on. They are all top grades, while white wood is a popular product, because rosewood, mahogany and other wood are good at making natural overtones when playing with them.
Baidu encyclopedia-pipa.
3. What are the names of the famous pipa in ancient times? Pipa is an ancient plucked instrument with a long history of the Chinese nation. Many people think that Pipa was introduced to China from abroad. The Music Dictionary compiled by Mr. Wang Peilun said: "Pipa was introduced to China as early as the Zhou and Han Dynasties." Some works even say: "Qin pipa (straight pipa) was introduced from abroad." The author believes that modern pipa is a "hybrid" of Chinese and western music culture, which has been continuously integrated and innovated since the Tang and Song Dynasties.
First of all, let's take a look at Qin Pipa (straight-necked Pipa), which is a garden straight-necked four-stringed instrument created by our people. Because the instrument is pushed away by hand, it has become a general term for all plucked instruments. At this time, the round, straight-necked and four-stringed pipa, regardless of long handle, short handle, big body, small body, multiple strings and few strings, are all called "pipa", "straight-necked pipa" or "Qin Pipa". According to legend, the pipa was made when Princess Wusun got married. In order to contact Wusun * * to fight against Xiongnu, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty married Xijun, the daughter of Liu Jian, the king of Jiangdu, to Wusun Kunmi in the sixth year of Emperor Yuan Feng (BC 105), and on the way, he remembered the pain of missing her and asked the workers who knew her to make a pipa according to the genus of Qin, Zheng, Zhu and Zi. There is also a saying that when the Great Wall was built in the Qin Dynasty, the working people were far away from their hometown. In order to alleviate the pain of heavy work, they tied strings on the drum after work and made the pipa. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Xi said that "Pipa originated from Hu", and Hu here refers to the place where Xiongnu lived, namely, the areas around Langshan and Daqingshan in Inner Mongolia. From the analysis of the shape of the lute, Ying Shao, a famous figure in the Eastern Han Dynasty (who used to be the Taishou of Mount Tai), once recorded in "Custom Righteousness": "It is three feet and five inches long (the old name), named after the hand-made system, and its four strings are like the four seasons." Fu Yun, a writer in Wei and Jin Dynasties, wrote in Preface to Pipa Fu: "Look at its utensils, and it is empty in the middle and real in the outside, so it is in the world. The handle of the dish is straight, and yin and yang are also described. There are twelve pillars, deer fields, and four strings like four seasons. " The description of Qin Pipa by two ancient literati embodies the ancient and mysterious culture of Yin-Yang and Five Elements of the Chinese nation. It can be seen that Qin Pipa is a musical instrument created by the working people of the Chinese nation.
Let's first look at the origin of "Quxiang Pipa". Melody Pipa pear-shaped, melodic, four-stringed, held horizontally and played with a pick. This pipa originated in Persia (present-day Iran) and was called "Ude". It was introduced to the Central Plains via Kuqa (Kuqa area, Xinjiang). Ude, spread to the west, gradually evolved into guitar, mandolin, lute and other musical instruments. But it was different when it was introduced to China. This imported musical instrument has been infiltrated by China's long and ancient culture, and its development in China cannot be separated from the nourishment of China music. Sui Shu Yueji has the following records: "First, during the reign of Emperor Wu of Zhou [56 1-577], a Qiuci man named Su Zhipo entered the country from the Turkic empress [568]. In 568, Emperor Wu of Zhou appointed A Shi as the queen, followed by a large number of musicians who were good at playing the pipa and listening to what he played. There are seven voices in the middle. So I asked him, and I answered: My father has a bosom friend in the western regions. From generation to generation, there are seven kinds of tunes. With its seven tones, all seven tones can be calibrated, which is a perfect match ... "
China's national music is soft, subtle, quiet, connotative and graceful. The subtle influence of music pipa and the native Qin pipa blend with each other, learn from each other's strong points and make rapid progress in the direction of "China". During the Tang Dynasty, the country was unified and its national strength was strong. At the same time, it has adopted a strong policy of opening to the outside world, especially the music culture, which has achieved great prosperity. Pipa in the Tang Dynasty also ushered in the first * * * era in the history of playing art.
During this period, pipa players such as Su Zhipo, Cao Haoda, Kang Kunlun and Cao Shancai emerged one after another. There are many pipa songs, such as "Nishang Song", "Liu Yao", "Fermin Song" and "Yang Liuzhi". In particular, a large number of brilliant poems and songs left in the Tang Dynasty enable us to fully appreciate the colorful artistic achievements of the pipa in the Tang Dynasty.
4. Who can tell me the whole history of pipa? The history of pipa was first recorded by Liu Xi in Han Dynasty. Interpretation of musical instruments: "Those were originally Hu Zhong's, and they immediately played drums.
Push the hand before saying "approval" and hold the hand when saying "handling", just like when playing drums, because of its name. This means that the pipa is a musical instrument that is played on a horse. When playing forward, it is called batch, and when picking backward, it is called handle; According to its performance characteristics, it is named "batch handle".
In ancient times, knocking, striking, bouncing and beating were all called drums. At that time, nomadic people were good at playing pipa on horseback, so they "immediately beat drums."
It was not until the Wei and Jin Dynasties that it was officially called "Pipa". Pipa evolved from straight-necked pipa and curved-necked pipa in history. According to historical records, the straight-necked pipa appeared earlier in China. "Qin Hanzi" in Qin and Han Dynasties is a kind of pipa with a straight handle and a straight neck, which was developed from the cymbals at the end of Qin Dynasty.
Ruan is a round wooden musical instrument with four strings and twelve columns, which is played vertically by hand. Ruan Xianshan played this instrument in the Jin Dynasty, so it is commensurate with its name, which is today's Ruan.
During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, cultural exchanges were conducted with the western regions through the Silk Road, and the music pipa was introduced from Persia to China via today's Xinjiang. Qupipa is pear-shaped, with four strings and four phases (without columns), and it is played horizontally with a pick.
It prevailed in the Northern Dynasties and spread to the southern Yangtze River basin in the first half of the 6th century. Among the nine or ten pieces of music in Sui and Tang Dynasties, pipa became the main musical instrument, which played an important role in the development of song and dance art in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
From Dunhuang murals and Yungang stone carvings, we can still see its position in the band at that time. In the 5th and 6th centuries, with the strengthening of commercial and cultural exchanges between China and western countries, a musical pipa was introduced from Central Asia, which was then called "Hupipa".
Its shape is a curved neck, pear-shaped speaker with four columns and four strings, which is very similar to Uda or Ud or Barbat in ancient Persia, which is common in today's countries. Hold the pipa horizontally and play it with a pick.
Modern pipa evolved from this kind of music. In the Tang Dynasty (7th-9th century), the development of pipa reached a peak.
At that time, pipa was indispensable from court band to folk singing, and it became a very popular musical instrument at that time, and it was in a dominant position in the band. This grand occasion is recorded in a large number of China's ancient poems.
For example, Bai Juyi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, vividly described the performance and acoustic effect of pipa in his famous poem Pipa: "The big strings are like rain, and the small strings are like secret words. Buzzing, whispering-then mixing together, like pouring large and small pearls into a plate of jade. "
By the late Tang Dynasty, the pipa had made great progress from playing techniques to production structure. The most outstanding innovation in playing techniques is that the horizontal grip is changed to the vertical grip, and the finger playing directly replaces the pick playing.
The most obvious change in the structure of pipa is the increase from four phonemes to sixteen (that is, four phases and twelve tones). At the same time, its neck is widened, and the lower box is narrowed from wide to narrow, which is convenient for the left hand to press the phoneme.
Due to the above two reforms, pipa playing technology has been developed unprecedentedly. According to statistics, there are fifty or sixty fingerings of pipa.
To sum up, the right-hand fingering is divided into two systems: one is the wheel fingering system, and the other is the snapping system. Left-handed fingering is also divided into two systems: one is shiatsu system, and the other is push-pull system.
By the 5th century A.D./KLOC, a number of Wu Qu, represented by House of Flying Daggers and Farewell My Concubine, and Wen Qu, represented by Moon High, Love in Spring and Revenge for Your Majesty, had appeared in Pipa. The so-called Wu Qu is characterized by realism and the use of right-handed skills; The so-called Wen Qu is characterized by lyricism and the use of left-handed skills.
These pieces of music have become the treasures of China national music and pipa art.
By the time of the Republic of China, the piano code had been increased according to the law of twelve averages. At present, the standard pipa has 30 pieces in eight phases, and its expressive force and adaptability have been greatly strengthened. It can play not only traditional music, but also western and modern works, which is conducive to cooperation with symphony orchestras. This has created conditions for further development.
In the middle and late 20th century, the art of pipa had a new development. In the production of pipa, the original silk strings were changed into nylon steel strings, and some even used silver strings, which increased the volume and * * * degrees of pipa. In terms of technique, the use of left thumb and * * has greatly improved the expressive force of pipa.
As a result, a large number of excellent solo works combining traditional music and modern composition theory have emerged, as well as duets of various instruments and pipa concertos of small bands and symphony orchestras. Entering the 2 1 century, the pipa not only returned to its heyday in China, but also attracted more and more attention from music lovers all over the world.
Many traditional music and contemporary works are loved by Chinese and foreign audiences. It can be said that the pipa has begun to move towards the international music scene.
Play stringed instruments. Liu Xi's explanation of the name is called "Pai Handle": "Pai Handle originated in the middle of the lake and was immediately drummed. Pushing hands was approved before, and when you hold hands, it is called a handle, just like its drum, because of its name. "
After approval, it was rewritten as a pipa. From this point of view, pipa is derived from pictophonetic characters.
About the 4th century AD, there were pear-shaped speakers, curved necks, four pillars (now called phase or product) and four strings. String instruments played with plectrum were introduced to the north from India through the western regions. Because its head is bent back, it is different from the straight neck round neck lute that was circulated at that time, so it is called the famous piano. Sui Shu? Chronicle of Music: "Today's music is a pipa, a noble disciple, and it comes from the western regions, not an ancient China."
Because it comes from Qiuci, it is also called Qiuci Pipa, Tiger Pipa or Huqin. After the Song Dynasty, it was called Pipa.
In modern times, the old four-phase pipa with 10, 12 and 13 grades was basically not used, and it was replaced by six-phase pipa with 18, 24, 25 and 28 grades. Arrange according to the law of twelve averages.
The back of the pipa is made of rosewood, rosewood and rosewood, and two transverse sound beams and three sound columns are built in the abdomen, which are bonded to the panel. The hand mask is made of mahogany, ox horn, ivory or old bamboo, and there is a sound hole inside, also called "Yin Na".
The first part of the piano is engraved with words such as longevity, music, bat, ruyi and phoenix tail, and some of them are inlaid with jade and precious stones. The neck of the piano is called the phoenix neck, which is connected with the chord groove and the mountain pass. Stick a phoenix pillow on the front and a phoenix pillow on the back.
It is made of ox horn, mahogany, ivory or jade. The product is made of bamboo, mahogany, ox horn and ivory, which is the symbol of phoneme.
The total length is about 96 cm. .
5. Does Feng Xiaolian really exist in history? Indeed, there is such a historical figure. Feng Xiaolian was the concubine of the late emperor of Northern Qi Dynasty. Smart people can play the pipa, dance and dance. This beautiful and intelligent woman, despite her humble origins, was once the maid of the late Queen Mu Shelley. Feng Xiaolian and the late master "sit at the same table and get along as soon as they leave, willing to live and die." . This affectionate son of heaven in history has only deep feelings for this Feng Xiaolian.
Wherever he was, the late Lord always stayed with Feng Xiaolian or went out to fight and hunt.
After Yu Wentai died, Feng Xiaolian missed her ex-lover very much, even though she was married to Wanda, a generation of Wang Yu.
She caressed the pipa and wrote a poem, "Although I am favored today, I still remember the pity of the past. If you want to know that your heart is broken, you must watch the glue winding. "
6. Is there anyone like Zhou Ehuang in history? At the end of the Five Dynasties, the empress of Li Yu, the founding emperor of the Southern Tang Dynasty, was named Zhou, Xian and.
E Huang is quiet and intelligent, with elegant temperament; She is beautiful and her skin is as white as snow. The eyebrows are as curved as the moon, the lips are as small as cherry blossoms, and the waist is as thin as willow, overwhelming everyone with the appearance of a fairy; She is good at poetry and painting, and she can sing and dance. Her singing voice, her dancing and her pipa playing are beyond Liu Gong's reach from generation to generation.
Not only that, she is also familiar with history books, proficient in melody, and invincible in playing chess. History says, "brother in law is good at singing and dancing, with beautiful melody, especially playing the pipa."
Among the treasures in the Southern Tang Palace is a "burning flute and pipa", which is regarded as a national treasure and was specially given to E Huang by the sovereign. Character information: Last name: Zhou Ming: Xianzi: E Huang 18 years old (AD 946) entered the palace, sealed, 26 years old (AD 96 1 year), and died at the age of 29 (AD 99 * * *). Father: Zhou Zong, Prime Minister of Southern Tang Dynasty. Husband: Li Yu, Queen of Southern Tang Dynasty. Sister: (Xiao Zhou) Appearance: Very quiet. She is beautiful and her skin is as white as snow. The eyebrows are as curved as the moon, the lips are as small as cherry blossoms, and the waist is as thin as willow, overwhelming everyone with a fairy-like appearance.
The beauty of the country is beautiful, the beauty of life is beautiful, elegant and noble, and people forget the customs with the aura of heaven and earth. I feel sorry for them. Starry eyes and phoenix eyes, bright lips and teeth, ice muscles and jade skin, beautiful bones.
Pearls and jewels are generally delicate and beautiful. It is as beautiful as the water moon in the south of the Yangtze River, as warm as jade and as clear as water.
Beautiful as jade, pitiful. Let the color shine on people, bright and beautiful, and the goddess is nothing more than that.
Temperament: noble and elegant, clean as lily, beautiful as pink lotus, elegant as orchid, beautiful and refined, elegant and elegant, bearing Tsinghua, elegant and delicate. Noble things can't be square things, beautiful, beautiful, delicate and elegant as jade.
Skin: The skin is like solidified fat, white and red, moist and jade-like, crystal clear. Whiter than the whitest suet jade; Softer and brighter than the softest nephrite; More delicate than the most beautiful rose petals; More beautiful and watery than the clearest crystal.
Artistic Creation: The first part of the high-bun self-cultivation dress is tilted up, and the palace costume "Inviting drunken dancing to break the tune" and "Hate coming late to break the tune" Collection: "Burning the flute and pipa" E Huang's life 1 Speaking of the Five Dynasties and Ten Countries, I have to say Southern Tang Dynasty; When we mention the Southern Tang Dynasty, we naturally think of Li Yu, the late master who was quite accomplished in poetry. As for Li Yu, as the king of national subjugation, history will not forget him; As a poet, the literary world will not abandon him.
Regardless of his life's merits and demerits, in short, he made great contributions in the history of China. How much do people know about his amazing appearance, unparalleled talent and the early death of Queen Zhou Ehuang? Zhou Ehuang was born in 936, one year older than Li Yu.
Her real name can't be verified. "E Huang" is actually just a word of hers. She was born in a family of Southern Tang Dynasty, and her father, Zhou Zong, had followed the future Southern Tang Liezu as early as the year when Xu Zhimo was appointed as the secretariat, and was an out-and-out founding hero.
Zhou Ehuang, born in a famous family, is quiet, intelligent and elegant; She is beautiful and her skin is as white as snow. The eyebrows are as curved as the moon, the lips are as small as cherry blossoms, and the waist is as thin as willow, overwhelming everyone with the appearance of a fairy; She is good at poetry and painting, and she can sing and dance. Her singing voice, her dancing and her pipa playing are beyond Liu Gong's reach from generation to generation.
Not only that, she is also familiar with history books, proficient in melody, and invincible in playing chess. It is particularly worth mentioning that she has a high musical talent.
In the heyday of the Tang Dynasty, there was a famous Daqu "Colorful Feather". Since the enfeoffment of the Tang Dynasty, no one in the world can restore its melodious voice. Li Yu made great efforts and finally got the score of this Daqu.
However, there are many variations in the spread of this Daqu, and the score itself is not complete enough, so professional musicians can't sort out the clue. Zhou Ehuang knew and studied it. She re-created according to her own understanding and made a series of additions and deletions.
Through hard work, we can finally play the whole song with pipa, so that this almost lost song can reappear, and the voices of Kaiyuan and Tianbao can return to the world and win a voice of admiration. This shows one of its talents.
Zhou Ehuang is the favorite of Li Yu's father, Li Jing, because she is not only beautiful, good at writing, but also proficient in temperament and playing the pipa. King Li Jing thought that she and her sixth son Li Yu were a good match and gave them to her son.
Zhou Ehuang was once famous in the harem for his superb pipa playing skills. Once, after listening to the pipa played by Zhou Ehuang, Li Jing appreciated it very much and lamented its dexterity. He immediately took out a good pipa from his collection and gave it to her.
Yuan Zong sighed and gave his works to him by burning flute and pipa. "Burning Pipa" is the favorite treasure of the country.
This shows that Li Jing is very satisfied with this hand-picked daughter-in-law. When Li Jing, a scholar, tied the red line for young children, all she could think of was that they were congenial. Maybe it never occurred to her that fate would push this young couple who are only suitable for "wealth and idleness" to the position of the empress dowager.
E Huang's Life 2 Zhou Ehuang, the eldest daughter of Zhou Zong, Prime Minister of Southern Tang Dynasty. Li Yu, the queen of the Southern Tang Dynasty, is very "national color" and a musician.
E Huang entered the palace at the age of eighteen. He is good at writing history, singing and dancing, and has a refined temperament, especially at playing the pipa. On one occasion, when * * * was performing in the palace, he picked up the pipa and fiddled with it, which surprised Li Zhongzhu, who knew music well.
Li Huan, the monarch of the Southern Tang Dynasty, gave E Huang a special gift, because she had a burnt flute pipa, which was regarded as a national treasure. In 96 1 year, Li Yu ascended the throne, known as Li Houzhu in history, and made Zhou Ehuang the queen.
Li Houzhu is good at calligraphy, painting, temperament and poetry. Weeks later, I created a palace dress with high bun, slim skirt and upturned sideburns, which was elegant and elegant, and could well show the physical beauty of women, and the palace was eager to imitate it.
Li Yu, Queen of Southern Tang Dynasty, was married at the age of eighteen, and his wife was the eldest daughter of Zhou Zong, the founding father of Southern Tang Dynasty, and E Huang, aged 19. Li Yu is not a good emperor, but he is good at poetry, fine calligraphy and painting, and knows rhythm, so he is very artistic.
E Huang has beautiful eyes, bright lips and teeth, delicate skin and clear bones, and has the same interest and persistent pursuit as Li Yu. He is familiar with history, can sing and dance, and can play the pipa. The two cooperated to complete the unfinished work.