Bit; On the lower, middle and upper floors, there is also a stand on the top floor, which is for the lowest social members: women, slaves and the poor. But even on other floors, seats are arranged according to social status and professional status: special boxes owned by royal family members and virgins watching the flame. Senators in white and red robes sit on the "singing seat" on the same floor; Then there are soldiers and civilians. People from different occupations also have special seats, such as soldiers, writers, scholars, teachers and foreign monks. The audience enters the Colosseum from 80 arches on the first floor. There are 160 exits on each floor, which are called spits. The audience can enter and exit through these exits, so the chaotic and out-of-control crowd can be quickly evacuated (it is said that it can be emptied in ten minutes). Celebration is the main program of the Colosseum and the peak of entertainment activities in a day. At that time, there was also a gladiator school for training gladiators. The Colosseum provides funds for four gladiator schools, which can accommodate 2000 gladiators. In fact, these gladiator schools are only a combination of training camps and prisons, because most gladiators are slaves and prisoners from all over the Roman Empire. They have no freedom and power and live at the bottom of society. For Roman aristocrats, the cruelest battle is undoubtedly the most exciting. Soldiers carry halberds or daggers. Most soldiers are slaves and prisoners. There are also people who volunteer to fight for money. They are all specially trained. There are many kinds of fighting: the most famous is duel. One side of this duel is a gladiator with a trident and a net, and the opponent is a Roman warrior with a knife and shield. A gladiator with a net will entangle his opponent with a net and kill him with a trident. Another gladiator, wearing a helmet and holding a dagger shield, desperately chased his opponent who wanted to defeat him. Finally, the loser should ask the people in the stands for mercy. These audiences decided his fate. If they waved towels, he would be saved from death. If these people face down, it means they want to die. Many centuries ago, this arena partially collapsed due to the earthquake, but now you can still see the arena where fighters fought. In addition, it is also the location of the golden apples in Assassin's Creed.
Edit the construction background of this section.
The arena was built on the order of Emperor Wei Pa-Mi. It was built in ancient Rome to please the generals and soldiers who returned home in triumph and to praise the great Roman Empire. Built during the reign of his son Titus Flavius Domitianus, it is one of the landmark buildings of the Roman Empire. The Colosseum was built on the site of another Roman emperor, Nero's "Golden Temple", which was burned in the Roman fire in 64 AD. The Colosseum was the place where ancient Rome held performances of man and beast. The gladiators involved have to fight a wild animal until one side dies, and there are also fights between people. According to the records of the Roman historian Dio cassius cassius longinus, when the Colosseum was completed, the Romans celebrated for 65,438+000 days and slaughtered 9,000 livestock. The Colosseum, a form of architecture, originated from the theaters in ancient Greece. At that time, the theaters were all built in a semicircle on the hillside, and the audience rose layer by layer on the hillside. However, in ancient Rome, such as Epi Daros Theater (about 330 BC, designed by Piercretos Polykleitos, Jr.), people began to erect the audience with arch ticket structure to connect the two semi-circular theaters, thus forming the so-called amphitheater, which no longer needs to be built by the mountain. The Colosseum is the largest oval arena in the Roman Empire. Its major axis is187m, its minor axis is155m, and its circumference is 527m. The center is the performance area, with a major axis of 86 meters and a minor axis of 54 meters. The ground is covered with floors, and the stands are surrounded by layers. There are about 60 rows of stands, divided into five areas. The first row at the bottom is the VIP area (such as elders, officials, priests, etc. ), the second floor is the aristocratic area, the third area is the rich area, the fourth area is the ordinary citizen area, and the last area is the bottom female area, all of which are standing seats. There is also a canopy hanging by a suspension rope in the audience to shade the sun; Moreover, the canopy is inclined to the middle, which is convenient for ventilation. These canopies are controlled like sails by sailors standing at the top of the colonnade.
Edit the architectural features of this section.
The stands of the Colosseum are supported by three concrete cylindrical arches, with 80 arches on each floor, forming three circular coupon corridors with different heights (that is, corridors supported by arch coupons), and the top floor is a solid wall with a height of 50 meters. The stands retreated step by step, forming a stepped slope. 80 arches on each floor form 80 openings, and the top two floors have 80 openings. When the audience enters, they will first find out which bottom arch they should enter according to the number of seats, then find their own area along the stairs and finally find their own seats. The entire Colosseum can accommodate up to 90,000 people, but due to the thoughtful design of the entrance, there will be no crowding and chaos. This entrance design is still in use even in today's large stadiums. There are many holes and pipes hidden under the Colosseum performance area, where props, livestock and gladiators can be stored and hoisted to the ground at the beginning of the performance. The Colosseum can even use water pipes to divert water. In 248 AD, water was introduced into the performance area of the Colosseum, forming a lake, performing naval battles and celebrating the founding of Rome 1000.
Edit this section of maintenance
In 2 17 AD, the Colosseum was partially destroyed by lightning, but it recovered quickly in 238, and the fighting performance between people and animals or between people continued. Such activities were not completely banned until 523 AD. Two strong earthquakes in 442 and 508 AD caused serious damage to the Colosseum structure itself. In the Middle Ages, the buildings were not protected at all, so the damage was further aggravated, and later they were simply used as bunkers. In the15th century, in order to build the church and the Privy Council, the Vatican actually demolished some stones in the Colosseum. 1749, the Vatican declared it a holy place and protected it on the grounds that Christians died here in their early years. Pope John Paul II held a ceremony here every year to commemorate these martyrs before his death, but there is no historical evidence that Christians did die here.
Edit the overall style of this paragraph.
The internal structure of the Colosseum in Rome
The spectacular Colosseum in the center of the horse was built in ancient Rome at that time to please the generals and soldiers who returned home in triumph and praise the great Roman Empire. The architectural design of the Colosseum does not lag behind the modern aesthetic viewpoint. In fact, about 2000 years later, every modern large stadium is branded with some design styles of the Colosseum in ancient Rome. Nowadays, through movies, history books and other media, we can feel more deeply the cruel fighting and fighting between man and beast that happened here at that time, and all this is just to bring some primitive and barbaric pleasure to the onlookers. The Colosseum in Rome is an exemplary masterpiece and miracle in the history of architecture, which is famous for its huge, majestic and spectacular. Although there is only half a skeleton left, its majestic spirit and momentum still exist. The Colosseum is oval in plan, covering an area of about 20,000 square meters, and its outer wall is 57 meters high, which is equivalent to the height of a modern 19-story building. The building is a four-story structure, and the exterior is completely wrapped in marble. There are 80 circular arches on the lower three floors, and their columns are very distinctive, arranged in the standard order of chiton, Ionian and Corinthian. The fourth floor is decorated with small windows and pilasters. In the center of the venue is the arena, which is 86 meters long and 63 meters wide. It is still oval, equivalent to the size of a football field. Below the arena is the cellar, where beasts and gladiators are held. The stands around the arena are divided into three areas. The first area on the ground floor is the seat of emperors and nobles, the second floor is the seat of senior citizens in Rome, the third floor is the seat of ordinary people, and then there is the big balcony. Ordinary audience can only stand and watch the performance. The stadium stands can accommodate more than 50,000 spectators, and there are 80 entrances and exits on the ground floor, which can ensure that all 50,000 spectators in the stadium are evacuated within 15 to 30 minutes. Who is the architect of the arena is still unknown. Some people think that it may be Rabilio, the architect who later built Yano Palace in Domise, but there is no way to prove it. When the Colosseum project was completed in 80 AD, a celebration ceremony lasting 65,438+000 days was held. The Colosseum is located in the southeast of Venice Square in the center of Rome, Italy. It is the symbol of the Roman Empire and Rome, the most outstanding and famous representative of Roman monuments, and one of the eight famous places of interest in the world today. The Colosseum is also called the Arena, and some people call it the Colosseum. It is called the Colosseum because it was once a place where Roman gladiators fought wild animals to win the smiles of emperors, princes and nobles. It is called an arena because there can be competitions, competitions, songs and dances, and military parades. The full name of the Colosseum is the Colosseum. "Colosio" means "tall" and "huge" in Italian. It was the imperial garden of Nero, the tyrant of the Roman Empire. The arena was built in a small lake. Because there is a gold-plated bronze statue of Nero, which is 120 feet high by the lake, the Romans called it a huge golden statue, so the Colosseum was named "Corosio". Gardens, lawns and small lakes have long since disappeared, but we can still find and know some historical sites from the lush grasslands, walking green trees and low-lying terrain around us. Judging from the construction time, the Colosseum in Rome has a long history. It is the oldest and most magnificent Colosseum and arena preserved in Europe and even in the world. The Colosseum was built in Lavio Dynasty in ancient Rome. In 72 AD, Emperor Weipa Mi forced 80,000 Jewish prisoners to build it to celebrate his victory in conquering Jerusalem, which was opened by his son Titorri. It was completed in 80 AD, and the project lasted for 8 years. It was renovated in the 3rd and 5th centuries. During the Renaissance, many buildings were built in Rome, and many stones in the Colosseum were dug up to build palaces and churches. After many repairs, this ancient and magnificent building has been preserved to this day. The Colosseum in Rome has a history of nearly 2000 years since its establishment. The Colosseum in Rome is an exemplary masterpiece and miracle in the history of architecture, which is famous for its huge, majestic and spectacular. Although there is only half a skeleton left, its majestic spirit and momentum still exist. The Colosseum is oval in plan, covering an area of about 20,000 square meters, and its outer wall is 57 meters high, which is equivalent to the height of a modern 19-story building. The building is a four-story structure, and the exterior is completely wrapped in marble. There are 80 circular arches on the lower three floors, and their columns are very distinctive, arranged in the standard order of chiton, Ionian and Corinthian. The fourth floor is decorated with small windows and pilasters. In the center of the venue is the arena, which is 86 meters long and 63 meters wide. It is still oval, equivalent to the size of a football field. Below the arena is the cellar, where beasts and gladiators are held. The stands around the arena are divided into three areas. The first area on the ground floor is the seat of emperors and nobles, the second floor is the seat of senior citizens in Rome, the third floor is the seat of ordinary people, and then there is the big balcony. Ordinary audience can only stand and watch the performance. The stadium stands can accommodate more than 50,000 spectators, and there are 80 entrances and exits on the ground floor, which can ensure that all 50,000 spectators in the stadium are evacuated within 15 to 30 minutes. Who is the architect of the arena is still unknown. Some people think that it may be Rabilio, the architect who later built Yano Palace in Domise, but there is no way to prove it. When the Colosseum project was completed in 80 AD, a celebration ceremony of 100 was held. The rulers of ancient Rome organized and drove 5000 wild animals and 3000 slaves, prisoners of war and criminals to "perform" and fight. This bloody battle between man and beast, and between people, actually lasted 100 days, until these 5000 beasts and 3000 people killed each other and mutually assured destruction. No wonder some people say that as long as you grab a handful of dirt in the arena and put it in your hand, you can see the blood printed on your palm. Spartacus, the famous leader of the slave uprising in ancient Rome, was a gladiator. At first, he led 78 gladiator uprisings, which soon grew to more than 654.38+million, and he continued to fight all over Rome for two years. This slave uprising dealt a heavy blow to Roman slavery. Marx once praised Spartak as "the most brilliant figure in the whole ancient history". The Arc de Triomphe in Constantine is located on the west side of the Colosseum in ancient Rome. It is the largest, most famous and best-preserved Arc de Triomphe in ancient Rome. The Arc de Triomphe in Paris, France was designed and built on this basis. The Arc de Triomphe was built in 3 15 A.D. to celebrate Constantine the Great's defeat of the tyrant Ma Kexin at Mirvio Bridge in the north of the city. The Arc de Triomphe has three arches, with a height of 2 1 m and a width of more than 25 meters. The middle arch is high and big, and the side arch is short and small. All of them are framed by Corinthian multi-type stone pillars, and at the same time, statues and bas-reliefs on the ancient Roman memorial door are decorated on this door. A circle can be seen on the subgrade near the arch. It is said that there was a conical fountain named Maida Sultanate in the 1 century. The ancient ruins still exist today, but the fountain has long since dried up. 2. The Colosseum, also translated as Colosseum, Colosseum, Colosseum, formerly known as flavio Theatre, is located in the center of Rome, Italy, and is the largest Colosseum in ancient Rome. It was built between 72 and 82 AD, and now only remains. The Arena was built by the order of Emperor Wei Pa-Mi, during the reign of his son Titus Flavius Domitianus. It is one of the landmark buildings of the ancient Roman Empire. The Colosseum was built on the site of another Roman emperor, Nero's "Golden Temple", which was destroyed in the Roman fire in 64 AD. The Colosseum was the place where ancient Rome held performances of man and beast. The gladiators involved have to fight an animal until one of them dies, and there are also fights between people. According to the records of the Roman historian Dio cassius cassius longinus, when the Colosseum was completed, the Romans held 65,438+000 days of celebrations and slaughtered 9,000 livestock. The Colosseum, a form of architecture, originated from the theaters in ancient Greece. At that time, the theaters were all built in a semicircle on the hillside, and the audience rose layer by layer on the hillside. But in ancient Rome, people began to use the arch ticket structure to erect the auditorium and connect two semi-circular theaters, thus forming the so-called amphitheater, which no longer needs to be built by the mountain. The Colosseum is the largest oval arena in the Roman Empire. Its major axis is187m, its minor axis is155m, and its circumference is 527m. The center is the performance area, with a major axis of 86 meters and a minor axis of 54 meters. The ground is covered with floors, and the stands are surrounded by layers. There are about 60 rows of stands, divided into five areas. The first row at the bottom is the VIP area (such as elders, officials, priests, etc. ), the second floor is the aristocratic area, the third area is the rich area, the fourth area is the ordinary citizen area, and the last area is the bottom female area, all of which are standing seats. There is also a canopy hanging by a suspension rope in the audience to shade the sun; Moreover, the canopy is inclined to the middle, which is convenient for ventilation. These canopies are controlled like sails by sailors standing at the top of the colonnade. The stands of the Colosseum are supported by three concrete cylindrical arches, with 80 arches on each floor, forming three circular coupon corridors with different heights (that is, corridors supported by arch coupons), and the top floor is a solid wall with a height of 50 meters. The stands retreated step by step, forming a stepped slope. 80 arches on each floor form 80 openings, and the top two floors have 80 openings. When the audience enters, they will first find out which bottom arch they should enter according to the number of seats, then find their own area along the stairs and finally find their own seats. The entire Colosseum can accommodate up to 50,000 people, but due to the thoughtful design of the entrance, there will be no crowding and chaos. This entrance design is still in use even in today's large stadiums. There are many holes and pipes hidden under the Colosseum performance area, where props, livestock and gladiators can be stored and hoisted to the ground at the beginning of the performance. The Colosseum can even use water pipes to divert water. In 248 AD, water was introduced into the performance area of the Colosseum, forming a lake, performing naval battles and celebrating the founding of Rome 1000. In 2 17 AD, the Colosseum was partially destroyed by lightning, but it recovered quickly in 237, and the fighting performance between people and animals or between people continued. Such activities were not completely banned until 523 AD. Two strong earthquakes in 442 and 508 AD caused serious damage to the Colosseum structure itself. In the Middle Ages, the buildings were not protected at all, so the damage was further aggravated, and later they were simply used as bunkers. In the15th century, in order to build the church and the Privy Council, the Vatican actually demolished some stones in the Colosseum. 1749, the Vatican declared it a holy place and protected it on the grounds that Christians died here in their early years. Pope John Paul II held a ceremony here every year before his death to commemorate these martyrs, but there is no historical evidence that Christians died here.