1956 in April, People's Republic of China (PRC) (PRC) Aviation Industry Committee was established to lead China's aviation and rocket industry in a unified way. Nie is the director, and Huang Kecheng and Zhao Erlu are deputy directors. This is the earliest leading institution in China's space industry (managed by the aviation authorities). In the same year, 10 10 8, the fifth research institute of the Ministry of National Defense, the first rocket and missile research institution in China, was established.
1958+ 10, the Ministry of national defense formulated the development plan of the ten-year jet and rocket technology (1958 ~ 1967). 1957 After the launch of the first Soviet artificial earth satellite 17 10 in October, some famous scientists such as Qian Xuesen suggested to carry out satellite engineering research in China. China Academy of Sciences is responsible for drafting the draft satellite development plan code-named "58 1", establishing "58 1 Group" and agreeing to establish three design institutes. 1958 in August, the first design institute was established, and moved to Shanghai in the same year 10, and changed its name to Shanghai Electromechanical Design Institute of China Academy of Sciences.
1958 In April, the first launch site in China started construction in Jiuquan, Gansu, marking the birth of the first independent launch base in China Aerospace.
1May 1958 17, President Mao Zedong pointed out at the Second Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China: "We also want to build satellites." Since then, China's space industry has flourished.
1960 February19, an experimental liquid fuel sounding rocket designed and manufactured by China was successfully launched for the first time. This is a major breakthrough in the development of space launch vehicle in China.
1964 On April 29th, the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense reported to the Central Committee that it planned to launch China's first artificial satellite at 1970 or 197 1.
1On June 29th, 964, the medium and short-range rocket developed by China was successfully launched again after the first test failed on March 29th, 962.
1965 to 1972 launch vehicle development plans formulated by the Seventh Machinery Department were approved by the Central Special Committee, marking the beginning of China's formal project to develop space launch vehicles.
1966165438+10 In October, the development of the Long March-1 launch vehicle and the Dongfanghong-1 satellite began.
19665438+On February 26th, the first flight test of a medium-range rocket developed by China was basically successful.
1968 On February 20th, China Academy of Space Technology was established, responsible for developing various kinds of artificial satellites.
1 April, 9681day, China Institute of Aerospace Medical Engineering was established, and research on manned space medical engineering began.
1970 65438+1October 30th, the flight test of the medium-and long-range rocket developed by China was successful for the first time, enabling China to launch the medium-and low-orbit satellites.
1On April 24th, 970, the satellite Dongfanghong-1 was successfully launched by the Long March-1 rocket at Jiuquan Space Launch Base in Gansu Province, and the wonderful music of Dongfanghong resounded through space for the first time. This is the first man-made satellite launched by China, which makes China become the successor to the Soviet Union (/KOOC-0/957/KOOC-0/0.04), the United States (/KOOC-0/958/KOOC-0/0.00) and France (/KOOC-0/965/KOOC-0/60).
1971On March 3rd, China launched the scientific experimental satellite "Practice 1". This is the first scientific experimental satellite launched by China. The satellite has been in orbit for eight years. Since then, Practice II, Practice III, Practice IV and Practice V have been launched one after another, which greatly promoted the development of space science in China.
1975165438+1On October 26th, China launched its first recoverable remote sensing satellite and returned to the ground as scheduled on the 29th of that month. This makes China the third country in the world to master the satellite return technology after the United States and the Soviet Union.
1979, Roy 1 space survey ship was built and put into use, making China the fourth country in the world with an ocean-going space survey ship. Since then, Roy 2, Roy 3 and Roy 4 space survey ships have been built one after another. At present, China has formed an advanced land-based TT&C network, which consists of Beijing Aerospace Command and Control Center, TT&C Center of Xi satellite, TT&C station on land, four ocean-going space survey ships "Roy" and communication networks connecting them. This technology has reached the advanced level in the world.
1980 On May 18, China successfully launched a long-range launch vehicle into a predetermined sea area in the Pacific Ocean, which indicates that China has the launching capability to launch high-orbit satellites.
1981September 20th, China launched three scientific experimental satellites with one carrier rocket, which was the first time that China launched multiple satellites with one arrow, making China the third country in the world to master the technology of launching multiple satellites with one arrow.
1on April 8, 984, China's first geostationary orbit test communication satellite was successfully launched. On April 16, the satellite was successfully fixed at east longitude 125? Over the equator. The success of this launch indicates that China has mastered the launch, measurement and control and precise positioning technology of geostationary satellites.
1 986 On February1,China launched its first practical geostationary orbit communication and broadcasting satellite. On February 20th, the satellite was successfully fixed. This indicates that China satellite communication technology has entered the practical stage from the experimental stage.
1On September 7th, 988, China launched the first experimental meteorological satellite "Fengyun-1". This is the first polar-orbiting meteorological satellite developed and launched by China.
1 On April 7, 1990, the Long March III carrier rocket developed by China put the American-made "Asia1"communication satellite into the predetermined orbit at Xichang Satellite Launch Base, marking the beginning of China's space launch service to the international market. Up to now, China has successfully sent 27 foreign-made satellites into space, and China has occupied a place in the international commercial satellite launching service market.
On July 1990, the Long March II bundled rocket was successfully launched in Xichang for the first time, with a low-orbit carrying capacity of 9.2 tons, which laid the foundation for launching China manned spacecraft.
1992, China manned spacecraft was formally included in the national plan and began to be developed. This project was later named "Shenzhou" manned spaceflight project. Up to now, shenzhou spaceship has been unmanned for four times, namely 165438+2006120 October 65438+10 October/0, 25 March 2002 and 29 February 2002. (Chen Yourong China National Defense Science and Technology Information Center)