During the Opium War, Xiamen Island was once occupied by the British, especially in the 184 1 anti-British defense war, the Xiamen Port fortress represented by Shibibao was destroyed by the British, and strengthening the southeast defense issue further attracted the government's attention.

(B) Cultural background (the product of China Westernization Movement)

With the rise of Westernization Movement in the late Qing Dynasty, the Imperial Westernization School advocated learning advanced western science and technology, establishing a navy and buying foreign guns, so as to enrich Qiang Bing.

(3) Geographical background

The geographical location of Xiamen is very important. It is an important port for foreign trade along the southeast coast of China, and also an important hub station for the North-South route and the Southeast Asia route. (1) Bian Baodi was ordered to "purchase by self-financing"

In 184 1 year, the old Xiamen port fortress represented by Shibibao was destroyed by the British. The entrance to the Bohai Sea suddenly opened. 1874, driven by the Westernization Movement, the Qing court planned to build a new modern Hu Lishan Fort near the original site, but it needed about 302,000 silver. The construction of the project lasted for 22 years, with twists and turns and hardships.

1 1 September, in the 14th year of Guangxu (1888), the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, Bian Baodi, played the emperor's last words: "Fujian Province is an important coastal area, so we should be careful in defense". He suggested building new forts at Minjiang Estuary and Xiamen Port, and buying German Krupp cannons to place them, but at the same time ordered Bian Baodi.

After accepting the task, Bian Baodi decided to abolish the soldiers of Nantai and Caiyuan battalions, considering that "guns are expensive", "wages are saved to buy guns". Even so, the funding gap is still huge. Bian Baodi asked to borrow money from the naval yamen in advance to buy guns, and then used "save brave food and recover it one after another". However, due to the court compensation, it is difficult to return it, and Bian Baodi can't borrow money to buy a gun.

In the 16th year of Guangxu (1890), Bian Baodi once again wrote a letter requesting: "Xiamen is connected with Taiwan Province and Pengzhou, with a critical land route and a wide and deep harbor. If you can't compare with others, you have to match two 800-pound guns, two 600-pound guns, six 20-year-olds, so that you can be safe, and there are ten * * * guns. It takes about 302,000 yuan to make an order, which will be delivered to Xiamen within 20 months and paid in three years. If you buy it temporarily, it is 4.502 million. " The naval government was asked to include the purchase of guns from Fort Hu Lishan in the appropriation. However, it has not been "blessed by God".

Without funds, in August of the 16th year of Guangxu (1890), Bian Baodi signed a contract with a German businessman to "acquire the 28-year-old Krupp gun" without the approval of the imperial court. This act of acting first and acting later actually drove the court to Liangshan.

Soon, Bian Baodi became seriously ill and died in office. He couldn't borrow money to buy a gun until his death, but he made a good start.

(2) Tan used the "intercepted Xinhai defense donation" to buy guns.

In the seventeenth year of Guangxu (189 1), Tan, who succeeded the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, planned to stop buying Krupp cannons on the grounds that "Beijing's debts were too high to be paid".

This practice of breaking the contract immediately caused an uproar, and "foreign businessmen encouraged German envoys to go to the Chancellor's Office to rap about state affairs" to put pressure on them. The court was forced to instruct Tan to abide by the contract and make proper arrangements. Tan took the opportunity to ask the court to assist Shandong in filing a case and intercept the donation from Xinhai Defense. The proceeds were used to buy guns and build platforms, so Emperor Guangxu had to agree. Therefore, Tan decided to change the "stop buying" to "exhibition".

Tan immediately went to Xiamen Port with the Fujian Navy prefect to see the terrain of Huli Mountain where Peng Chuhan, the former Fujian Navy prefect, set up a fort.

In the 19th year of Guangxu (1893), the imperial court completely laid off staff and reduced salaries. /kloc-in June of 0/6, Tan still insisted on asking Emperor Guangxu to buy and transport ju pao. "At that time, we can do whatever we want ..."

On July 18 of the same year, Tan made an offer to the imperial court: "The ex-factory price of 228 raw guns, such as foot and insurance, is 62821mark, and it needs a silver contract of160,000, which is amazing." It is also pointed out that the installation at sea is not easy because of the huge artillery. Therefore, "it takes a lot of work to land off the gun, and we will discuss it after seeing the local situation", which laid the foundation for applying for intercepting new coastal defense donations again.

On the eighth day of December of that year, Tan played again: "By May of the 19th year of Guangxu, the two-year exhibition period had passed." Because the money for buying guns is still not enough, he demanded that "one more year of exhibition will be enough." The reason is that "Fujian Province doesn't donate much every year", in addition, the imperial naval yamen also "newly allocated 22,000 yuan for coastal defense to buy Fu Jeer armored ship guns", and at the same time persuaded the court that "Xiamen local squire would like to raise money" and "buying this steel gun is beneficial to coastal defense and avoids breaking promises of foreigners", so Emperor Guangxu approved another year of exhibition.

With the consent of the imperial court, Tan, together with PwC Xingquan, mobilized local gentry and businessmen in Xiamen to raise money, and on the other hand, borrowed from Shanghai Dehua (Germany) Bank, and finally "received a number".

From "suspension", "exhibition" to "extension", Tan seems to be better at retiring than his predecessor, Bian Baodi.

(3) Qizhen Yang's "command navy master management with Qi Ming's drawings".

In order to build new batteries, the Qing court sent personnel to study in European countries many times. Liu Xihong, a former ambassador to Germany, wrote in his memorial to Emperor Guangxu after studying abroad: "It is the best in Europe to train and build a platform."

In the attached list, he introduced in detail the construction technology and data of various German forts: "The Fiona Fang of the fortress is sharp, which is due to the terrain. We are just entering. First of all, we hope it is easy to package and the wonderful use will not slow down at the beginning. In short, the accumulation of soil is a pillar, so that the enemy guns will not go out and the holes will be hidden. Soldiers can't hit the enemy's guns, and the guns are hung high, with sufficient troops and long distance, so there is no danger of gun smoke shielding themselves; Outside the platform, there is only a protective wall. If the enemy grabs the platform, he can fight back and win the ticket. So is the person you want. Fortresses in the west are mainly made of stones, but today they are mostly made of sand and ashes. Although the cover stone is difficult to shoot, it is fragile, and the gravel can hurt people, so it is not as good as sand to embed guns ... So the tired soil is the hill, and the concave top is covered with guns. The hill is 20 feet high and 20 feet thick from outside to inside, and then it becomes a slope with a fixed address, and the hill is from inside to outside 10 feet, except for the direction.

According to the investigation report, the Qing court adopted the design scheme of German army captain Von Hanneken, and asked Yang Qizhen to supervise the construction of Hulishan Fort. Yang Qizhen appointed Lai, the navy division, to be responsible for drawing, Ye Chengzao, a craftsman from Heshan, Xiamen, appointed Niu, Luo Mingfeng as the supervisor, appointed Lin Shichun as the chief inspector, and ordered Fujian Province to continue to build castles by land and water. Construction started on the eighth day of March, 1894, making full use of the advantages of building materials such as "three-in-one soil" (brown sugar, glutinous rice paste and black camphor tree juice rammer) in southern Fujian. After two years and eight months, it will be "cutting stones to open the way, steadily building platforms" and "building back holes, retaining walls, battlefields, ammunition depots, armories, and so on.

1896 1 1 On the eighth day of the month, the Hu Lishan Fort, which was difficult to give birth for a long time or even almost died, was finally completed. (1) the defensive war against Britain (the Battle of Stonewall)

After the First Opium War, British invaders invaded Xiamen many times. Yan, then governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, spent eight months and 2 million taels of silver. He used granite instead of sandbags to build "the strongest linear permanent artillery fortification in China at that time"-Shibi Fort on the south bank of Xiamen Island. That is, the predecessor of Huli Mountain Fort.

184 1 April, the British army attacked Xiamen in the first battle. Yan led the rattan soldiers and tiger soldiers of the Qing army to fight in Shibibao, but faced with the strong ships and guns of the British army, the Qing army was helpless. In less than 20 minutes, Shibibao fell.

(2) "Xiamen Incident"

1In August, 900, the Japanese army made a fire, using the burning of Donghongji as an excuse to openly send troops to Xiamen in an attempt to monopolize Xiamen. When the news reached Hu Lishan Fort, the officers and men guarding Taiwan immediately took off their guns, turned the muzzle and aimed at Japanese ships and Japanese consulates outside Gulangyu Island. The Japanese army was awed by the power of artillery and had to withdraw its troops and return to the ship on August 3 1 day.

(3) The first close contact between Chinese and American navies was in Xiamen.

In the thirty-third year of Guangxu (1907), the U.S. Pacific fleet traveling around the world was on a peace mission and visited Japan, the Philippines and China.

The naval base must be fortified, and the key is the battery. At that time, considering that the Krupp gun of Hu Lishan Fort was "extremely powerful and had a long range, which was not found in the forts of China provinces, and now it is a treasure", as long as the warship was moved south to Xiamen Port, China's coastal defense could be displayed to foreigners. Therefore, the Qing government decided that Xiamen Port was the place for the first peaceful exchange between Chinese and American navies.

(4) Krupp Western artillery was dismantled.

During the period of 1957, Xiamen Iron Works was short of raw materials at the initial stage of its establishment. After the introduction of Xiamen Shipyard, two Krupp guns were purchased at a price of 8 cents per catty and disassembled as raw materials. When the West Artillery was dismantled and the East Artillery was ready to be dismantled again, the news spread to the municipal party committee and the municipal government, and the secretary of the municipal party committee came forward to stop it. The east cannon was preserved. After the demolition of the Western Artillery, most of them were processed separately and transformed into machine parts. In addition, there is a section of contraction tube, which was preserved in Xiamen Museum in July 1983.

(5) Establish a radio station for Taiwan Province.

1958, "China People's Liberation Army Fuzhou Military Region Xiamen Enemy Cable Broadcasting Station" was formally established in Hu Lishan Battery.

19581kloc-0/0.6, the announcer Chen Feifei first broadcast a letter from the people of China and the Ministry of National Defense to our compatriots in Taiwan Province Province.