The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement was the largest war since Ming and Qing Dynasties, which had a far-reaching impact on the history of China. Taiping Army has been to Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Henan, Shanxi, Zhili, Shandong, Fujian, Zhejiang, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Gansu and other provinces, and has conquered more than 600 cities with a sphere of influence of 18 provinces. After the failure of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, Taiping soldiers scattered in the north and south of the great river spread many stories full of ideals to the people of China. In his childhood, Sun Yat-sen called himself "the second Hong Xiuquan". Even after the abolition of the Xiang Army, most people attended the Paoge Club.
Because of the imperial edicts issued by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in Qing Dynasty, the Taiping Army was called "hairy thief", "hairy thief", "hairy thief", "hairy bandit" and "hairy thief". Hong Xiuquan was born in Huaxian County, guangzhou fu City, Guangdong Province (now Huadu District, Guangzhou City), and other Taiping soldiers came from Guangdong (namely Guangdong and Guangxi). The Qing court also called him "Guangdong bandit" and "Guangdong thief". After the incident was settled, the Qing court ordered the court painter to draw "Settle the Yuekou Map". In the Republic of China 18 (1929), the Nanjing National Government sent letters to the Ministry of the Interior and the Ministry of Education for reference, and soon formally stipulated that "if there is a historical record of Taiping, it is forbidden to replace the Taiping Army or its corresponding name with the name of' Guangdong thief'", and from then on, titles such as "Taiping Heavenly Kingdom" and "Taiping Army" were written into the official history.
On May 3rd, the first year of Tongzhi (1May 30th, 862), Tianjing was surrounded by Ceng Guoquan. Later, Hong Xiuquan ordered Hong Rengan to go out and urge reinforcements. "We have saved our own territory, recruiting and loving, and refused to take the national treasury as the solid foundation. Last November, he was ordered to rush the soldiers to clear the way, passing through Danyang, Changzhou and Huzhou. Soldiers from all walks of life are afraid of no food and must die. " At that time, Huang was guarding Huzhou, "because the road was blocked, he could not send troops to help" and Hong also "stayed in Huzhou". If it is true, it is irresponsible to rescue Nanjing.
In the third year of Tongzhi (June18641), on April 27th, Hong Xiuquan died of starvation by weeds for many days, and the young king Tianguifu Hong succeeded him. Tianjing fell on June 16th, the third year of Tongzhi (1864 July 19), and then the Qing army massacred the city, and many local civilians were killed (many Manchu civilians were massacred before the Taiping Army entered Nanjing). Tan Sitong's Visit to the North: "When I came to Jinling, I saw drought and cold everywhere. The local people said: when the bandits captured the city, they didn't burn, kill and plunder, and the people were still blocked as before. Finally, I thought he was a rebel, so I looked forward to the arrival of loyalists. Unexpectedly, as soon as the loyalist broke the city, everyone was killed, the house was burned down and the children were married. Only after a few sweeps did I know that I had entered the Xiang army, and Jinling was always poor. I still hate what my father said. " Tan Sitong's Benevolence: "Once the Xiang Army is rehabilitated, in the name of searching for thieves, all the good and bad are put on the forefront, and the essence of several southeast provinces has been swept into the Xiang Army, or for more than 30 or 40 years, it can't recover, such as Jinling, which is particularly miserable." Guo Tingyi, academician of Academia Sinica and founding director of the Institute of Modern History of Academia Sinica, also quoted Zhao Liewen's Diary of Living Quietly to record the scene after Ceng Guoquan led the Xiang army into Ning: "The Xiang army was greedy and plundered, which was quite chaotic. All brave campers in Zhong Jun went to look for', …' Nine times out of ten people who died along the street were old people. Those who have children under the age of two or three are also poked and crawling on the road. None of the women under the age of 40 (all of them were captured), and the old man was injured or wounded with more than ten or dozens of knives, and the cries spread in all directions. "All this was witnessed and recorded by Ceng Guoquan screen friend Zhao Liewen, and a total of about 200,000 to 300,000 people died."
Hong Rengan and Huang escorted the young king to break through. The day before the young king and Hong Rengan were captured and separated, Kang Wang Wang Haiyang's army was attacking Ningdu Canzhou from Ruijin, only a few dozen miles away from the young Adam Wang. But the fact is, at hand, the young king and his party were helpless and defeated and captured. The reason is unlikely to be that I don't know where the young king is-those scattered down soldiers can still know that they are only six or seven miles away from the king, so if they are willing, they can find out where the troubled young king is dozens of miles away. Can't you do it yourself or send a good soldier to take the initiative to protect it? It didn't because it didn't pay attention to the young king and his party, and it didn't have the status of the young king and his party in his mind. And others are not far from the king. Hong tries to catch up with the king, but the king is "going to Fujian", which shows that he has no intention of the young king.
Li Shixian is the head coach of Wang, and his strength and prestige are much higher than that of Wang. However, Li Shixian has long been dissatisfied with Hong Xiuquan and Hong Jia, and with Hong Xiuquan's strategy and some policies. When Li Shixian arrived in Guangdong, it happened that the young king and his party entered Jiangxi. The British consul in Xiamen paid a long visit and spoke highly of Li's military talent and prestige. It is said that Li is extremely dissatisfied with Hong Xiuquan and thinks that he is ignorant and ignorant. Just because he didn't want to cause division, he didn't openly object. Now he can go his own way. In this state of mind, it is too late for Li Shixian to get rid of Hong Xiuquan. How did he meet Tianguifu Hong and his party? Li Shixian and Wang Haiyang are at least not active in "welcoming" and "escorting". This should be an important reason why Hong Rengan and Young King always failed to catch up with them.
On September 9th (186465438+1October 9th), Hong Rengan was defeated and captured in Shicheng, Jiangxi Province (now the Guling Formation of Xinhe Village, Mulan Township, Shicheng County, Jiangxi Province),1October 25th (Gregorian calendar165438+/). On September 25th (Gregorian calendar 65438+1October 25th), the young king Tianguifu Hong wandered around after fleeing the Qing army, which led to his arrest. 1October 20th (Gregorian calendar165438+1October 28th) was executed by Ling Chi in Nanchang. "Qi Wang Tan Tiyuan buried 22,000 pieces of silver, and later Shu Ren wanted to dig for silver."
1865, Lai Department of Taiping Army in Jiangbei merged with Nian Army, eliminating the last field army in Horqin Department of the Central Plains that directly took orders from the royal family of the Qing Dynasty (the other field army that directly took orders from the royal family of the Qing Dynasty was Jiangnan Camp). As a result, China, south of the Great Wall, had no direct orders from the royal family of the Qing Dynasty, and the Qing Dynasty had to reuse the private armed forces of the Han landlords, Xiang Army and Huai Army to train grave robbers for itself. On December 11th, the sixth year of Tongzhi (1868 1.5), the Dongnian army was wiped out in Wayaobao, northeast Yangzhou, and on June 28th, the seventh year of Tongzhi (1868 August 16), the Xinian army was in Tuhai River, chiping, Shandong. Yuan Dakui's department, the last remaining Nian army with the title of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, was wiped out by the left in the eighth year of Tongzhi (1869).
In the 11th year of Tongzhi (1April, 872), Li Wencai, the remnant of Shi Dakai, fell in Datang, Guizhou, which was the last verifiable anti-Qing armed force under the banner of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and theoretically the last Taiping Army. Many scholars believe that the end of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement should be marked by the collapse of Li Wencai Department.