Liu Xiu is an enlightened monarch and has made great achievements in history. Faced with the broken social situation in Broken Wall Jiangshan, he worked diligently on national politics, reformed and developed, and finally restored and developed the Eastern Han Dynasty in a scorched earth and ruins.

But his fame is far less than that of high-impedance Liu Bang and Emperor Liu Che. One of the most important reasons is that Liu Xiu did not make an expedition to Xiongnu after unifying the whole country, and further expanded his territory. Many historians in modern times criticized Liu Xiu for being weak and being too tolerant of the northern Xiongnu at that time. In 25 AD, Liu Xiu proclaimed himself emperor. In 36 AD, he destroyed Shu and unified the whole country, and then concentrated on governing the country.

According to common sense, Liu Xiu had certain conditions to send troops to Saibei in the later period of his rule, and some of his generals were well documented. In 4 1 year, general Cang Gong and Ma Wu jointly wrote a letter to Liu Xiu: "Huns are greedy for money and have no way, and they are faithless. Bow to others when you are embarrassed, and grab it when you are stable. Now the Xiongnu plague is prevalent and the fighting capacity is declining.

It's now or never, please ask the emperor to send people to the frontier to unite with Wuhuan and other ethnic minorities to crusade against the Huns. In this way, in a few years, the Huns can be wiped out. "Cang Gong and Ma Wu are both generals who can fight, and their suggestion of" walking while virtual "is very reasonable. At that time, after more than ten years of governance, the Eastern Han Dynasty had a certain strength to crusade against Xiongnu.

What's more, in 39 AD, Wuhuan, the border of Liaodong, had surrendered to the Eastern Han Dynasty, and there was another strong enemy in the Northeast. South Xiongnu was more sensible, and soon after Wu Huan surrendered, he also sent envoys to the Eastern Han Dynasty. However, at this time, Liu Xiu disagreed with the invitation letters of his generals.

In her reply to Cang Gong and Ma Wu, Liu Xiuxia said: "The king of virtue makes people happy; The king without virtue is satisfied with what he has done. He who delights in others enjoys it, and he who enjoys it dies. Those who go far and near will work hard; He who seeks near from afar will escape and have an end. There are many loyal ministers in the DPRK, and there are many chaotic ministers in the DPRK. Therefore, there is a shortage of people who are extensive, and those who are extensive are strong. Have their own security, greedy people have disabilities.

The ruined government, although successful, will also fail. There is no good governance in this country, disasters emerge one after another, people are in panic, and the people do not protect themselves. It is far from enough. Confucius said,' The internal suffering is not here.' Moreover, the Northern Emperor is still strong, and the rumors about stationing troops in wasteland are always inaccurate. Wouldn't it be a wish to lift half the world and wipe out big bandits? If it is not the right time, let people rest. "

Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty, was the founding emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty and a famous politician and strategist in the history of China. In his thirty-three years in office, Liu Xiu vigorously promoted Confucianism and respected honesty. The Eastern Han Dynasty was praised by later historians as "the most beautiful era of weathering and the most prosperous Confucianism" in the history of China. Liu Xiu is unwilling to send troops on an expedition for three reasons.

First of all, Liu Xiu said that he wanted to be a virtuous king and advocated governing the country by virtue.

He doesn't want to take advantage of people's danger now, let alone waste their money, otherwise he will fail even if he succeeds in the future. Now, the Huns are sending troops with all their strength. Even if they are scared for a while, they may not be really obedient.

Second, troops were not allowed in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

Disasters keep happening in this territory, and people are terrified. This time is not suitable for adventure.

At that time, domestic rebellion continued: in 47 AD, Nanjun barbarians rebelled, and soon Wuling barbarians rebelled; In 49 AD, people outside Liaodong invaded the border. The state-owned civil strife and unstable border areas, at this time of expedition, those lawless elements in China just took the opportunity to make trouble, and the eventually unified Eastern Han Dynasty may rekindle the war.

At that time, Emperor Guangwu still wanted to focus on governing the country, let the people live and work in peace and contentment, and maintain the long-term stability of the Eastern Han Dynasty. With its own strength, the Huns dare not despise the Eastern Han Dynasty too much. If he sticks his nose to his face, future generations will have the confidence to teach them a lesson. Now is not the best time, so "hide your light and bide your time"

Third, the Huns are still very powerful and should not be underestimated.

Liu Xiu gave some reasons, but there are still some concerns that he didn't make clear. The first two points are thorough, and the third point is obscure, that is, Liu Xiu feels that his generals may not be able to completely destroy the Huns. In the early days of People's Republic of China (PRC), lean Fang Lu has been active in the northern border. This Fang Lu, with the support of Huns, often invaded the border.

Twenty-eight generals of Yuntai, haing s ngor, Du Mao, Wang Ba and Ma Wu have fought fiercely with Fang Lu and Xiongnu reinforcements for dozens of times, but they failed to destroy Fang Lu.

Even Fang Lu's army can't win, let alone destroy tarkan. Of course, Liu Xiu can't say it directly. After all, it is with his decades-old subordinates. It hurts the self-esteem of his generals to say it. Huns are good at using cavalry to move and fight, which is precisely the weakness of Liu Xiu's army.

Liu Xiu's former opponents were mostly infantry, so Liu Xiu's cavalry had obvious advantages in combat, and his generals also won many battles with this. However, when attacking Xiao Wei, a warlord in Longyou, and Fang Lu, a fierce soldier in Mobei, the cavalry was no longer dominant, and at most they were tied with others' cavalry.

To conquer the Huns now, it is impossible to succeed without strong enough cavalry. Liu Zhuang, the son of Liu Xiu, was able to explore the northern Xiongnu because he formed an elite cavalry with Xiongnu, Wuhuan and Youzhou riding as the backbone. General Cang Gong wrote a well-documented letter that there were not enough cavalry in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

From Liu Xiu's personal analysis, Emperor Guangwu was tired of military affairs. In the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, when Cen Peng attacked Xiao Wei, Liu Xiu wrote to Cen Peng and said, "If the two cities fall, you can attack Shu Lu from the south. The people are not satisfied with their sufferings, and they are peaceful and prosperous, looking back at Shu. Every time I send troops, my head must be white. "

My words revealed my fatigue. Liu Yuxin Qiang also asked Liu Xiu about offensive warfare. Answer: "It is different to ask Chen that Confucius was wrong in the past." From AD 23 to AD 36, Liu Xiu fought for more than ten years and was tired of military affairs. After the reunification of the country, Liu Xiu was a little unhappy about who brought the war with him.

By AD 4 1 year, Emperor Guangwu was nearly 500 years old. Liu Xiu, who knew that "it is not easy to win the world, especially to rule the world", never wanted to focus on military war for the rest of his life. The Battle of Kunyang is one of the famous examples in the history of China, which determines the fate of the two armies of New China and Han Dynasty and the national luck of the Central Plains Dynasty in the next few hundred years. This is a strategic decisive battle with far-reaching influence in the history of China.

In the battle of Kunyang, Liu Xiu, as an extreme general, became famous all over the world. The battle of Kunyang was not only the key battle for Liu Xiu to defeat Wang Mang, but also laid the foundation for Liu Xiu to win the world in the future.

Liu Xiu learned the lesson of the great ancestor Liu Bang. In 200 BC, Liu Bang led an army to conquer Xiongnu and was surrounded by 300,000 tarkan. Later, Chen Ping tricked him into bribing his wife E Shi, who was trapped for seven days and seven nights before she escaped. Since then, Liu Bang had to adopt a pro-DPRK policy to ease the relationship between the two sides.

It is impossible for Liu Xiu not to know the failure of his ancestors. Even if the emperor didn't personally expedition, but his generals suffered a fiasco, future generations will also comment on the emperor's decision-making mistakes and improper command. I have won the battle all my life, but now I have no chance of winning. Why let myself lose the morale in the final stage of becoming an emperor?

Although Liu Xiu's expedition to Xiongnu did not follow the example of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he unified the whole country and made great efforts to realize "rejuvenating the country by using force", which laid a solid foundation for the rule of later generations, thus leading to "the rule of Ming Dynasty" and the prosperity of the Eastern Han Dynasty.