Review materials at the end of the eighth grade history.

The outbreak of the Opium War

1. Lin Zexu destroyed opium in Humen

(1) Background:1In the first half of the 9th century, Britain became a powerful capitalist country, and its aggression was directed at China. In order to open the China market, plunder silver, smuggle opium to China, and bring great disaster to the Chinese nation, Lin Zexu wrote to Emperor Guangxu, demanding that opium be banned.

(2)1On June 3rd, 839, Lin Zexu ordered the public destruction of opium 165438+ over ten thousand kilograms in Humentan, Guangzhou.

(3) Impact: The destruction of opium in Humen showed the world the determination and courage of China people to resist aggression, inspired the national spirit and safeguarded national dignity. Lin Zexu is a national hero of the Chinese nation.

2. Opium War (Time: June1840-August 1842)

Reason: The direct reason is to protect the opium trade under the pretext of China's anti-smoking campaign.

The fundamental reason is to open up foreign markets, promote industrial products and plunder cheap industrial raw materials.

3. Sino-British treaty of nanking (1) Time: June 1842.

(2) Contents: ① Guangzhou, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Ningbo and Shanghai are open for trade; ② China paid 2 1 ten thousand silver dollars.

(3) Hong Kong Island was ceded to Britain (4) The taxes paid by British businessmen on import and export goods must be agreed by both China and Britain.

(3) Influence: treaty of nanking was the first unequal treaty in modern China. China's national sovereignty and territorial integrity have been destroyed, and it has lost its independent status. After the Opium War, China began to become a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. The Opium War was the beginning of China's modern history.