This is the first historic change of China society led by China, and its obvious symbol is the establishment of the new China in 1949.
1. All classes in modern China could not change the semi-colonial and semi-feudal social nature.
After the Opium War, China gradually entered a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. Its basic characteristics are: politically, the integrity of China's territory and sovereignty has been seriously damaged; Economically, oppressed by the landlord class, foreign capital and bureaucratic comprador capital, China's economy is struggling.
Culturally, China's traditional culture and western capitalist culture constantly conflict and infiltrate, "to some extent, it has caused changes in people's lifestyle, way of thinking, values, moral norms and codes of conduct"; In foreign relations, China and capitalist countries are absolutely unequal in rights and status.
To this end, all social classes, such as the peasant class, bourgeois reformists and revolutionaries, have launched a massive patriotic movement against imperialism and feudalism. However, due to the lack of a clear political program, the broadest masses of the people could not be mobilized to participate, and the number of revolutionary objects was large, and the revolution eventually failed. These classes did not change the historical destiny of China's semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.
2. The leadership of China achieved its first historic transformation.
19 19 the outbreak of the may 4th movement marked the beginning of the new-democratic revolution in China. China became the leading class of China's new-democratic revolution. "A clear understanding of China's national conditions is the basic basis for a clear understanding of all revolutionary issues." After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he combined the basic theory of Marxism with the concrete practice of China Revolution, and formed Mao Zedong Thought, which guided China society to realize its first historic change.
The first is the transition from a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society to national independence. People's Republic of China (PRC) is an independent new democratic country. First, the people's democratic dictatorship led by the working class and based on the workers' and peasants' alliance was politically realized, which united all democratic classes and ethnic groups in China.
Second, economically, the state-owned economy is the dominant economic system, including five economic components: state-owned economy, cooperative economy, individual economy of farmers and craftsmen, state capitalist economy and private capitalist economy. Third, culturally, the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal culture of the masses led by the proletariat is implemented. Finally, in foreign relations, we should implement an independent new diplomacy based on the principles of "starting a new stove", "cleaning up the house before treating guests" and "leaning one side".
Second, the transformation from a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society to a new society in which the people are masters of their own affairs has been realized. In the semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, the people of China were oppressed by the triple mountains. The establishment of the new China has made the broad masses of the people the masters of the new society. First of all, politically, the state power in People's Republic of China (PRC) belongs to the people.
The people enjoy supreme power. People elect people's congresses at all levels, and then people's congresses at all levels elect people's governments at all levels. Second, economically, the establishment of the socialist state-owned economy has enabled the country to grasp the economic lifeline and laid the economic foundation for the people's democratic dictatorship. Thirdly, culturally, a national, scientific and popular culture guided by Marxism has been established.
In a word, it is precisely because of the correct leadership of China that China society has achieved its first historic transformation.
Second, the historic transformation from the new-democratic revolution to the socialist revolution and construction.
The new-democratic revolution and socialist revolution and construction are dialectical unity. Under the leadership of China, China society has achieved a historic transformation from the new-democratic revolution to the socialist revolution and construction.
1, the relationship between new-democratic revolution, socialist revolution and socialist construction
The social nature and principal contradiction of modern China decided that the China Revolution must be divided into two steps. "The first step is to change this colonial, semi-colonial and semi-feudal social form and turn it into an independent democratic society. The second step is to advance the revolution and build a socialist society. " The new democratic revolution, socialist revolution and socialist construction are dialectical and unified relations.
The new-democratic revolution and the socialist revolution are two stages of China's revolution. The new democratic revolution is the necessary preparation for the socialist revolution, which is the inevitable result; Socialist revolution is the foundation of socialist construction, and socialist construction is the purpose of socialist revolution. Therefore, the new democratic revolution, socialist revolution and socialist construction are gradual and indispensable.
2. China * * * led the second historic transformation.
After the victory of the new-democratic revolution, China entered a new-democratic society. The new democratic society is a transitional society, which belongs to the socialist system and gradually transits to the socialist society. It is the intermediary and bridge for China to move from a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society to a socialist society. The basic nature of the new democratic society determines that the new democratic society will inevitably move towards the stage of socialist revolution.
Under the guidance of the theory of new democracy, after three years of hard work, China led the people of all ethnic groups in China to quickly restore the national economy. 1953, the CPC Central Committee formally put forward the general line for guiding the socialist transformation in the transitional period. Marx once thought that small-scale peasant land ownership, as "the remnants of outdated production methods", "is dying hopelessly". Lenin also pointed out: "Give all the land to farmers and transform agriculture with socialist principles".
Guided by Marxism–Leninism, China blazed a path of socialist transformation of agriculture, handicrafts and capitalist industry and commerce, which was suitable for China's national conditions.
At the end of 1956, China's socialist transformation was basically completed, and the socialist system was initially established in China, which marked the great historical transformation from new democracy to socialism in China and "opened the way for China to carry out socialist construction in an all-round way". After 1956, China began to enter a new era of building socialism in an all-round way.
After 1956, due to the influence of "Left" thinking, socialist construction also experienced tortuous development in the exploration, especially the "Cultural Revolution" made China's socialist construction encounter great setbacks. This shows that China * * * still lacks understanding of the specific national conditions of socialism in China, and lacks the experience of combining Marxism with China's concrete reality.
Third, the historical transformation from planned economy system to socialist market economy system, from closed and semi-closed to full opening.
1978 12 and the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee marked the third historic transformation of China society.
1, the transition from a highly centralized planned economic system to a dynamic socialist market economic system.
After the founding of New China, China established a highly centralized planned economic system based on the Soviet model. The planned economy system has promoted the rapid recovery and development of the national economy. However, with the increasing economic scale, the disadvantages of the planned economic system have gradually emerged, such as the single ownership structure and the excessive concentration of economic decision-making power. The CPC Central Committee also tried to reform and explore the traditional planned economic system.
The main feature of socialist market economy is the combination of basic socialist system and market economy. Under the macro-control of socialist countries, the market plays a fundamental role in resource allocation. Compared with the planned economy system, the socialist market economy has stronger adaptability and high efficiency in promoting economic development, thus making the socialist market economy full of vitality.
In the process of establishing the socialist economic system, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China also discussed the essence of socialism and the theory of the primary stage of socialism, formed the second combination of Marxism and China's concrete reality, and produced the Socialism with Chinese characteristics theory system, which provided theoretical and policy basis for the establishment of the socialist market economic system.
2. The transition from closed and semi-closed to all-round opening.
For a long time after the founding of New China, due to the influence of "Left" ideology, the scope of China's communication with the world was very narrow. Especially during the Cultural Revolution, China entered a state of "closed door". After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, China's opening to the outside world adopted a gradual strategy, gradually formed an all-round, multi-level and wide-ranging opening pattern, and realized the transformation from closed and semi-closed to all-round opening.
Since 1978, China's opening to the outside world has gone through the process of establishing special economic zones, opening up the coastal areas and implementing comprehensive opening-up, forming a nationwide opening-up pattern, which has been gradually promoted from south to north, from outside to inside, from coastal areas to inland areas, and from point to surface. 200 1? 12 years? In September, China officially joined the World Trade Organization, marking a new stage of "all-round, multi-level and wide-ranging opening up".
First of all, it is all-round. Opening to the outside world is open to all countries, including material civilization and spiritual civilization. Secondly, it is multi-level, which shows that China has formed an open pattern of point, line, slice and surface. Finally, it is a vast field. China's opening to the outside world covers economy, politics, science and technology, education, culture, sports, health and many other fields.
In short, since the founding of the Party 90 years ago, China * * * has led the people of all ethnic groups in China, combined the basic principles of Marxism with the concrete reality of China, and made continuous reform and innovation, which enabled China to realize three historic changes in succession, and China's comprehensive national strength has greatly jumped and people's lives have improved significantly.
According to statistics, China's GDP was only 67.9 billion yuan in 1952, increased to 364.5 billion yuan in 1978, and reached 397.983 billion yuan in 20 10, and China's economic aggregate surpassed that of Japan to become the second largest economy. Per capita GDP also rose from 1 19 yuan in 1952 to 38 1 yuan in 1978, and then rose rapidly to 29,748 yuan in 20 10. China's international status has improved significantly, and the Chinese nation stands proudly among the nations of the world.
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The valuable experience and profound enlightenment of the Party's leadership in realizing three historic changes.
China * * * led the people of all ethnic groups in China to realize three historic changes in China society, which is a great achievement of the Party in understanding and transforming the world, and the Party has accumulated rich experience from it, which has profound enlightenment for socialist modernization.
1, we must adhere to the basic principles of Marxism and the specific reality of China.
This is the most basic experience gained by summing up the history of our party. In the process of socialist modernization, we must combine the basic principles of Marxism with the concrete reality of China, and they are actually unified with each other.
First, thoroughly study the basic theories, principles, positions and methods of Marxism and grasp the essence and connotation of Marxism. Second, deepen the understanding of the world, national conditions and party conditions, keep pace with the times and build Socialism with Chinese characteristics. Third, profoundly grasp the social practice of guiding China's modernization with the latest theoretical achievements of Marxism in China.
2, must represent the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people.
"People are the creators of history". "The mass line is our fundamental working line, and it is also our fundamental leadership style and working method". In order to represent the interests of the overwhelming majority of the people in the new period, the party must adhere to a firm mass line.
First, vigorously carry forward the fine tradition of the party's mass work. This requires going deep into the masses and the grassroots to "ask the government for the people, ask for the needs of the people, and ask for the people." Second, implement a scientific and effective mass work system. Only by constantly improving the contact system, serving the masses and safeguarding their rights and interests can we achieve "power for the people, affection for the people, and benefit for the people." Third, explore ways and means to innovate the Party's mass work. Using information network technology to continuously improve mass work and make it adapt to the socialist market economy.
We must constantly strengthen and improve Party building.
"The United front, armed struggle and Party building are the three basic issues of our Party in the China Revolution". At different stages of China's revolution, construction and reform and opening up, China attached great importance to strengthening Party building. In 2009, the Fourth Plenary Session of the 17th CPC Central Committee established a five-in-one overall layout of party building, including ideological construction, organizational construction, work style construction, system construction and anti-corruption construction.
To strengthen and improve Party building under the new situation, we must start with this overall layout. Through the "five-in-one" party building, our party will be built into a Marxist ruling party that is building the party for the public, ruling for the people, seeking truth and being pragmatic, reforming and innovating, working hard, being honest and clean, full of vitality, unity and harmony.
Ninety glorious years and ninety magnificent chapters. Over the past 90 years, the "three historic changes" led by China have fully proved that only China can save China and develop China. To adhere to the road of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, we must unswervingly adhere to the leadership of China, so as to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
References:
People's Network-China * * * and Three Historic Changes