One, four municipalities directly under the central government:
Beijing, referred to as "Beijing" for short, is the capital of People's Republic of China (PRC), the national political and cultural center, a world-famous ancient capital and a modern international city. Beijing is located at 39 degrees 56 minutes north latitude and 1 16 degrees 20 minutes east longitude. It is located in the north of North China Plain, bordering Tianjin in the east and Hebei Province in the rest.
Tianjin is referred to as Tianjin for short, which means the ferry that the son of heaven passes through, also known as Jingu and Jinmen. . 1949 after the founding of new China, Tianjin, as a municipality directly under the central government, has developed its economic construction and social undertakings in an all-round way, further consolidating its position as an important comprehensive industrial base and business center in China.
Shanghai, referred to as "Shanghai", is also called "Shen". About 6000 years ago, the western part of Shanghai became land, and the eastern part also became land in 2000. According to legend, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Shanghai was once the fief of Huang Xie, the king of Chu, so it was nicknamed "Shen".
Chongqing, referred to as Chongqing or Pakistan for short, is the only municipality directly under the central government and a national central city in central and western China? , megacities, international metropolises; ? It is famous not only for its Jiangcheng and Fog Capital, but also for its mountain city.
Two. Five autonomous regions
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, commonly known as Inner Mongolia, is called "Mongolia" for short. Hohhot, the capital. Inner Mongolia is one of the provincial-level administrative regions with many neighboring provinces in China, spanning three major regions: Northeast China, North China and Northwest China, and adjacent to eight provinces.
Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, referred to as "Xin" for short, with Urumqi as its capital, is located in the northwest border of China, and is one of the five minority autonomous regions in China. Area16315.85 million square kilometers. 【 It is the provincial administrative region with the largest land area in China, accounting for one sixth of the total land area in China.
Tibet, referred to as "Tibet". Xizang Autonomous Region (Tibetan:, Tibetan Pinyin: Poi Ranggyong Jong, Willie transliteration: Bod Rangsky Ongjongs), the capital of Lhasa, is located in the southwest border of People's Republic of China (PRC), and is one of the five minority autonomous regions in China.
Ningxia, full name of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, referred to as "Ning". Yinchuan, the provincial capital city, was established on1October 25th. 1958? , is one of the five major minority autonomous regions in China.
Guangxi, referred to as "Guangxi". Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, the capital of Nanning. Named after the ancient place name "Guangxin", Guangdong and Guangxi are bounded by Guangxin, and the west of Guangxin is called Guangxi. To the south of Beibu Gulf is the only coastal autonomous region in China.
Three. Two special administrative regions
Hong Kong, referred to as "Hong Kong" for short, is called People's Republic of China (PRC) and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. It is located in the south of China, east of the Pearl River Estuary, along the South China Sea, bordering Shenzhen in the north, the Pearl River in the west, and facing Macao Special Administrative Region, Zhuhai City and Zhongshan City across the Pearl River Estuary.
Macau (Portuguese-speaking Macau or English-speaking Macau), referred to as "Macau" for short, is located on the southeast coast of Chinese mainland, on the west bank of the Pearl River Delta, adjacent to Zhuhai in the north, facing Wanchai and Hengqin in Zhuhai in the west, facing Hong Kong across the sea in the east, 60 kilometers apart, and facing the South China Sea in China in the south.
Four. 23 provinces
Heilongjiang Province, referred to as Hei for short, is the capital of Harbin, located in the northeast of China, and the northern and eastern ends of China are located in this province. It is named after Heilongjiang in the northeast of the province.
Jilin Province is called "Ji" for short, and the capital city is Changchun. It is located at 122- 13 1 degree east and 4 1-46 degree north, with an area of 187400 square kilometers, accounting for 2% of the national area.
Liaoning province, referred to as "Liao", is the capital of Shenyang. It is located in the southeast of China, bordering the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea in the south, separated from North Korea by a river in the east, and across the sea from Japan and South Korea. It is the only coastal and border province in the northeast of China and the gateway to the northeast and the eastern part of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
Hebei province, referred to as "Hebei" for short, is named after its location in the north of the Yellow River. The provincial capital is Shijiazhuang. With a total resident population of 75195,200 (20 17) and a total area of188,800 square kilometers, China is the only province with plateaus, mountains, hills, basins, plains, grasslands and coasts, and belongs to a temperate monsoon climate.
Shanxi, named after living in the west of Taihang Mountain, is referred to as "Jin", also known as "Sanjin", and is the capital of Taiyuan City. "Taihang Mountain in the east, Luliang Mountain in the west, the Yellow River in the south, the ancient Great Wall in the north, and Hebei, Henan, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia and other provinces.
Qinghai, the capital of Xining for short, is located in the west of China, the northeast of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the roof of the world. It is one of the important provinces on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China. Qinghai province is about 1200 km long from east to west and 800 km wide from north to south, covering an area of 696,600 square kilometers.
Shandong, named after living at the eastern foot of Taihang Mountain, is the capital of Jinan. Before Qin Dynasty, it belonged to Qi and Lu, so it was renamed Qilu. Shandong is located in the east China coast, the lower reaches of the Yellow River and the north-central part of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. It is the northernmost province in East China.
Henan, called Zhongyuan, Yuzhou and Zhongzhou in ancient times, is called "Henan" for short. Because most of it is located in the south of the Yellow River, it is named Henan. Henan is located in the middle and east of China, in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, bordering Anhui and Shandong in the east, Hebei and Shanxi in the north, Shaanxi in the west and Hubei in the south, showing the trend of looking north and south, and opening west in the east.
Jiangsu, referred to as "Su" for short, is the capital of Nanjing, located in the eastern coastal center, with the latitude of11618' ~12157' and the latitude of 30 45' ~ 35 20'. 1667, jiangnan province was established as a province due to the partition of East and West, and was named after the initials of "jiangning house" and "Suzhou House".
Hefei, the capital of Anhui Province, is located in the east of Chinese mainland, between11454'-165438+ 0937' and 29 4 1'-34 38' north latitude, and 65438+A.D., so it is called "Anqing House".
Zhejiang Province, referred to as "Zhejiang" for short, is located in the south wing of the Yangtze River Delta on the southeast coast of China, bordering the East China Sea in the east, Fujian in the south, Anhui and Jiangxi in the west and Shanghai and Jiangsu in the north. Qiantang River, the largest river in China, is called Jiangzhe River because of its twists and turns. Also known as Zhejiang, the province is named Jiang.
Fujian, for short, is located in the southeast coast of China, bordering Zhejiang Province in the northeast, Jiangxi Province in the west and northwest, Guangdong Province in the southwest, and Taiwan Province Province across the Taiwan Province Strait in the east.
Jiangxi Province, the provincial administrative region of China, is also called the land of Jiangxi and Poyang. It is the "land of plenty" in the south of the Yangtze River, which was called "Wu Tou Chu Wei, Hu Yue Min Ting" in ancient times. In 733 AD, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty set up a west road in the south of the Yangtze River, which made it a province name, and because the largest river in the province was Ganjiang, it was called Ganjiang for short.
Hunan Province, referred to as "Xiang" for short, is located in the middle of China and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Because most of the area is south of Dongting Lake, it is named "Hunan". Xiangjiang River is the largest river in the province, running through the whole territory, and its capital is located in Changsha.
Hubei Province is located in the south-central part of China, in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, north of Dongting Lake, hence the name Hubei, abbreviated as Hubei, and the provincial capital Wuhan.
Guangdong Province, named after Lingnan East Road and Guangnan East Road, is called "Guangdong" for short. Guangzhou, the capital of Guangdong Province, is a coastal province at the southern tip of Chinese mainland. It is located in the south of Nanling, on the coast of the South China Sea, bordering Hong Kong, Macao, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi and Fujian, and facing Hainan across the sea.
Taiwan Province Province is called "Taiwan Province" for short. Located on the continental shelf along the southeast coast of Chinese mainland, it is adjacent to the Pacific Ocean in the east, Ryukyu Islands in the northeast, bashi channel and Philippine Islands in the south, and Fujian Province across the Taiwan Province Strait in the west, with a total area of about 36,000 square kilometers.
Hainan Province, Qiongzhou for short, is located at the southernmost tip of China. Hainan Province is the largest province in China (land area plus ocean area), Hainan Special Economic Zone is the largest and only provincial-level special economic zone in China, and Hainan Island is the second largest island in China after Taiwan Province Island.
Gansu Province, referred to as Gan for short, is one of the provincial administrative units in China, located in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, with Lanzhou as the capital. Gansu is based on the initials of Ganzhou (now Zhangye) and Suzhou (now Jiuquan). Because Xixia once set up Gansu military sub-division, Gansu Province was set up in Yuan Dynasty, referred to as Gansu; Because most of the province is in the west of Longshan (Liupan Mountain), Longyou Road was set up here in the Tang Dynasty, so it is also called Longyan for short. ?
Shaanxi (Shaanxi? Province), referred to as "Shaanxi" or "Qin" for short, is one of the provincial administrative units of China people and an ancient capital.
Sichuan, referred to as "Sichuan" or "Shu" for short, is the capital of Chengdu, located in the southwest hinterland. Since ancient times, it has been known as the "Land of Abundance", and it is the gateway to western China and the hometown of giant pandas.
Guizhou Province, referred to as "Qian" or "Gui" for short, is located in the southwest hinterland of China, bordering on Chongqing, Sichuan, Hunan, Yunnan and Guangxi, and is the southwest transportation hub.
Yunnan, referred to as Yun for short, is the capital of Kunming, located in the southwest border of China, and is one of the important birthplaces of human civilization.
Extended data
Administrative division is a region divided by the state for the convenience of administration. Therefore, administrative divisions are also called administrative regions. According to the Constitution of China, the administrative regions of People's Republic of China (PRC) are divided as follows:
(1) The whole country is divided into provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government;
(2) Provinces and autonomous regions are divided into autonomous prefectures, counties, autonomous counties and cities;
(3) Counties and autonomous counties are divided into townships, nationality townships and towns.
At present, there are 34 provincial administrative regions in China, including 23 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 municipalities directly under the Central Government and 2 special administrative regions. Historically and customarily, all provincial administrative regions have abbreviations. The resident of the provincial people's government is called the provincial capital, and the seat of the central people's government is the capital. Beijing is the capital of China.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-abbreviation? China government network-administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China