During the Qin and Han dynasties, on the one hand, the relationship between China and Hungary was characterized by peaceful exchanges between the two sides, on the other hand, the two sides fought for land including most parts of Inner Mongolia through war. Finally, the Western Han Dynasty established the rule over most parts of Inner Mongolia, and the county system in the Western Han Dynasty developed and innovated on the basis of the Qin Dynasty. Today, most of Inner Mongolia belongs to Zhangye County, Shuofang County, Wuyuan County, Yunzhong County, Dingxiang County, Xihe County, Shang Jun County, Yanmen County, Shanggu County, Yuyang County and Youbeiping County established in the Western Han Dynasty.
In the second year of Yuanshou (12 1 years ago), the Western Han government set up five vassal states in Longxi (now Lintao County, Gansu Province), Beidi (now Qingyang County, Gansu Province), Shang Jun County, Shuofang County and Yun Yun County to accommodate Huns attached to the Han Dynasty. The vassal state system was an administrative institution with national characteristics founded in the Western Han Dynasty. Xiongnu retained official titles and tribal organizations in the territory under the jurisdiction of the vassal state, and engaged in nomadic production in designated areas. The magistrate was managed by a vassal leader appointed by the Western Han government.
During the Western Han Dynasty, in Inner Mongolia, there were not only Han people in counties, but also Wuhuan people and Xianbei people. Wuhuan lives in the area of Wuhuan Mountain (now northwest of Arukerqin Banner in Chifeng City 140), and Wuhuan originally lived in Chishan. In the southeast of Ergon River, the Wuhuan people probably migrated to the Xilamulun River basin before the Warring States Period. Since then, Wu Huan has been active in this area, and Huo Qubing defeated Xiongnu Zuo and captured Xiongnu Zuo. After that, Wu Huan was moved to Shanggu, Yuyang, Youbeiping, Liaoxi and Liaodong counties outside the Great Wall.
Xianbei lived around Xianbei Mountain. After Wuhuan moved south to the Great Wall of Five Counties, Xianbei moved to the Xilamulun River Basin. During the Western Han Dynasty, some Xianbei people lived in the "osawa" (now Hulun Lake) area, and they moved in from Hulun Banner in the northern section of Daxinganling. Xianbei people first moved into Hulun Lake area during the reign of Emperor Xi Han (32-6 BC).
Inner Mongolia in the Eastern Han Dynasty
The Eastern Han Dynasty inherited the county system of the Western Han Dynasty and still divided the whole country into thirteen secretariat departments, but the status and authority of the secretariat were different from those of the Western Han Dynasty. The governors of the thirteen states in the Western Han Dynasty have neither a fixed place nor a clear jurisdiction, which is not an administrative region. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the governors of thirteen states had a fixed place, where they could be stationed for a long time, mastered the lifting power of local officials, and gradually became local governors. In the fifth year of Emperor Zhong Ping's reign (188), the secretariat (also known as Zhou Mu) has directly mastered the military, political and civil power of a state, ranking above the county magistrate. Since then, thirteen prefectures have become the first-level administrative divisions above the county level, that is, the county-level system has been changed to state, county and county-level system.
For most of the reign of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the names of counties, prefectures and jurisdictions set by the Western Han Dynasty in western Inner Mongolia were generally used. Until the reign of Emperor Ling (168- 189), Yunzhong, Wuyuan, Shuofang and Dingxiang counties abandoned their provinces because of endless wars, and the people under the jurisdiction of each county also fled, and some border counties actually existed in name only. In the tenth year of Di Xian Jian 'an (2 13), the Eastern Han government exempted the province from being merged into Yizhou. In twenty years, Cao Cao stopped rescuing Yunzhong, Dingxiang, Shuofang, Wuyuan and other counties, and set up a new county in the wasteland outside the Great Wall to unify the old people. In fact, the Eastern Han government lost control and jurisdiction over most of the western Inner Mongolia today. In today's eastern Inner Mongolia, the jurisdiction of the right Peiping and Liaoxi counties in the Eastern Han Dynasty has also changed. Right Beiping County moved from Pinggang to Tuyin, and Tuyin no longer governs the area south of Jinying River in Inner Mongolia. The counties in the Eastern Han Dynasty have little connection with today's eastern Inner Mongolia.
During the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were Huns, Wuhuan people and Xianbei people in Inner Mongolia besides the Han people who were distributed in counties.
In the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Xiongnu occupied parts of western Inner Mongolia. Later, due to the serious natural disasters in Xiongnu, the nobles fought for power and profit and split. Eight Xiongnu originally stationed in the desert south of the Han Dynasty, known as the "Southern Xiongnu". The government of the Eastern Han Dynasty allowed the southern Xiongnu to live in the Hetao area of Inner Mongolia, and Nandan Royal Court was located 80 miles west of Wuyuan. Later, he moved to Yunzhong County and Meiji County in Xihe County. Southern Huns are distributed in Beidi, Shuofang, Wuyuan, Yunzhong, Dingxiang, Yanmen, Daixian and Shanggu counties, including Hetao area in Inner Mongolia, Ordos Plateau, Hohhot Plain and parts of Wulanchabu Plateau. The northern Huns belonging to the Han Dynasty also nomadic in these areas.
In the 25th year of Jianwu, at 8 1, Wu Huan, the leader of the Great Wall, led his troops to ten counties in western Liaoning, Youbeiping, Yuyang, Shanggu, Dai Jun, Yanmen and Shuofang, belonging to the Han Dynasty. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were activities of Wuhuan people in Yunzhong County, Xihe County, Shang Jun and other places. During the Warring States Period, in the inner side of Yan and Qin Changcheng, that is, the southern part of Horqin Grassland in Inner Mongolia today, the western part of the upper reaches of the Laoha River Basin, the southern part of Wulanchabu Mountain, the Hohhot Plain and the Hetao area, Uhuan people all lived on the grassland.
The northern Xiongnu moved westward, and the southern Xiongnu and Wuhuan entered the fortress, which provided conditions for Xianbei to expand its territory in the north and south of the desert. After Xianbei occupied the Xilamulun River and Laoha River basins to the south, it expanded westward to the Mongolian Plateau. When Emperor Huan of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Xianbei unified the north and south of the desert and established a nomadic folk regime. Xianbei rulers divided the areas under their jurisdiction into three parts: east, middle and west. The eastern jurisdiction starts from the Great Wall of Youbeiping County in the Eastern Han Dynasty and ends in Liaodong County in the east, bordering Fuyu and Luanhe, including the present Xilamulun River, Laoha River Basin, Horqin Grassland and Hulunbeier Grassland. The central jurisdiction starts from the Great Wall of Youbeiping County and ends in Shanggu County in the west, including the present Xilingol Grassland, Bayannaoer Plateau, Alashan League Desert Area and Ejina River Basin. Zhang Ya, the ruling center of Xianbei, is located at the Tanhan Mountain, more than 300 miles north of Liu Gao (now Yanggao County, Shanxi Province), about in Wumenghuade County. During the Guanghe period of the Eastern Han Dynasty (178-184), the Xianbei regime collapsed, and the ministries of Xianbei "divided the land and ruled" until the demise of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Inner Mongolia and Outer Mongolia in Qing Dynasty
Inner Mongolia is the general name of the general flag and the general flag in Qing Dynasty. In Mongolia, in addition to Zasak Banner, the Qing court also compiled many general flags, as well as the commander-in-chief flag, which was called the Eight Nomadic Banners. The general flag (nomadic Eight Banners) had resisted or failed in the Qing Dynasty, so it was not awarded to Zasak, no alliance was established, and there was no hereditary title (except for individual hereditary assistants attached to the flag). These flags directly belong to the governors, ministers and generals in this area and are unified in Fan Liyuan. General manager office Banner and Dutong Banner of Mongolia started from Tumote, Chahar and Guihua City in southern Mongolia. Later, in Tanglianghai, Altai Liang Hai, Altai Novo Liang Hai, Junggar and other regions, the general manager flag and the general manager flag were also compiled one after another.
Foreign vassals belong to Mongolia, which is the general name of Zasak Banner in Qing Dynasty. There is a difference between inner Zazak and outer Zazak. Monan Horqin and other 49 flags are Zasak Banner in Inner Mongolia. There are 86 flags in Kerkha area in Mobei, 19 flags in Cobudo, 13 flags under the jurisdiction of General Yili in Xinjiang, and 29 flags in Qinghai. Alashan and Ejina are Mongolians in Waizasak. The main difference between Zazak at home and abroad is that the former has military power and is directly unified in Fan Liyuan; The latter had no military power, and was commanded by local generals, military ministers and counselors, and was later unified in Yuan. In Zasak, there are 49 flags, including Zhelimu, Zhuosotu, Zhaowuda, Xilingol, Wulanchabu and Yikezhao, which are divided into 6 leagues. Zazak's situation is more complicated. The situation is as follows: 1. Karazak wove 86 flags and divided them into four leagues. 2.29 At the beginning of the establishment of Qinghai Qingjiu Banner, there was no alliance. If an alliance is needed, it will be convened by Minister Xining to join the alliance in Chahantoro Sea. In the 16th year of Qianlong (A.D. 175 1), it was changed to annual alliance. 3. Alashan Banner and Ejina Banner are not aligned. 4. There are 19 Zasak banners and 3 leagues in Cobdo area. 5. Turkut, Hoxud 13 Zach Banner and 5 leagues in Xinjiang.