Nanyue State (203 BC-BC 1 1 year) was founded about 204 years before the demise of the Qin Dynasty, and was destroyed by Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty in BC1/year, and spread for five generations. The capital is located in Panyu (now Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province), and its territory includes most of Guangdong and Guangxi provinces in China today, parts of Fujian, Hunan, Guizhou and Yunnan, and northern Vietnam. South Vietnam is also called South Vietnam or South Guangdong, and in Vietnam it is also called Zhao Chao or Qian Zhao. Nanyue State was founded after the demise of the Qin Dynasty. In the first 203 years, Zhao Tuo, the governor of Nanhai County, invaded and annexed Guilin County and Xiang County (now Panyu, Guangzhou). 196 years ago and 179 years ago, Nanyue was subordinate to the Western Han Dynasty twice and became a "foreign vassal" of the Western Han Dynasty. 1 12 years ago, Zhao Jiande, the last monarch of South Vietnam, had a war with the Western Han Dynasty, and was destroyed by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in11year. South Vietnam is the first county-based country in Lingnan area, and its establishment ensured the stability of social order in Lingnan area in troubled times at the end of Qin Dynasty. The rulers from the Central Plains in the Qin Dynasty brought advanced political system and production technology to the Central Plains, effectively improving the backward political and economic situation in Lingnan area. The policy of "Harmony and Hundred Yues" promoted the integration of Han nationality and all ethnic groups in South Vietnam, introduced Chinese culture and Chinese characters into Lingnan area, and changed the backward cultural situation in Lingnan. There were five kings in South Vietnam in 1993, and the monarch Zhao Tuo was called the Emperor of South Vietnam. Geographical location The northern border of Nanyue reaches Nanling, including Sanjiang, Longsheng, Xing 'an, Gongcheng and Hezhou in the northern part of Guangxi today, and Lianshan, Yangshan, Lechang, Nanxiong, Li Anping, Heping and Jiaoling in the northern part of Guangdong. Most areas are bordered by Changsha. The eastern border reaches Yongding, Pinghe and Zhangpu in western Fujian, bordering Fujian and Vietnam. South Xinjiang has been to the east of Changshan Mountains in central Vietnam and to the north of Daling Line. The western border reaches Baise, Debao, Bama, Donglan, Hechi and Huanjiang in Guangxi, bordering Yelang, Wulian and Juding. The territory of Nanyue includes most of Guangdong and Guangxi provinces (the land area of Guangdong and Guangxi provinces is 4 1 000 square kilometers), a small part of Fujian, Hunan, Guizhou and Yunnan, and northern Vietnam. 22 1 year before the founding of the People's Republic of China, after Qin Shihuang unified the seven countries, he began to pacify the land of Baiyue in Lingnan area. 2 19 years ago, Qin Shihuang appointed Tu Youyou as the general commander and Zhao Tuo as the deputy commander, and led 500,000 troops to pacify Lingnan. Tu Youyou was killed by local people for killing innocent people. Qin Shihuang re-appointed Ren Tao as the general. After four years' efforts, he finally completed the great task of pacifying Lingnan in 2 14. Qin Shihuang then set up Nanhai County, Guilin County and Xiang Jun County in Lingnan, and Ren Tao was appointed as Nanhai County Governor. Nanhai County is composed of Boluo, Longchuan, Panyu and Jieyang, with Zhao Tuo as the county magistrate. In the first 2 10 years, Qin Shihuang died of illness and Qin Ershi succeeded to the throne. In the first 209 years, Qin Ershi's tyranny aroused the uprisings of Chen Sheng, Guangwu and others, followed by the Chu-Han dispute between Liu Bang and Xiang Yu, and the Central Plains fell into chaos. In the first 208 years, Ren Xiao, the head of Nanhai County, was seriously ill. Before he died, he called Zhao Tuo, then the magistrate of Longchuan County, and explained to him that relying on the favorable terrain of Nanhai County, we could rely on the founding of the country to resist the invasion of the Central Plains uprising troops. And immediately issued a letter of appointment to Zhao Tuo, allowing Zhao Tuo to act as the commander of Nanhai County. Soon, Ren Tao died of illness, and Zhao Tuo conveyed the instructions of risk defense to the troops in Nanling Pass, so as to prevent the invasion of the Central Plains uprising troops, and took the opportunity to kill the officials placed in Nanhai County by the Qin Dynasty and put on cronies. In the first 206 years, the Qin Dynasty perished. In the first 203 years, Zhao Tuo rose up, annexed Guilin County and Xiang Jun County, and established Nanyue State in Lingnan area, calling itself the "King of Nanyue". The Vietnamese are called Zhao Chao, also known as the first 202 years of the reign of former Zhao Zhao. After years of fighting, Liu Bang established the Western Han regime and pacified the remaining military forces in the Central Plains, including Xiang Yu. At this time, the central plains has been chaotic for many years, and the people's lives are difficult. Therefore, Liu Bang did not use military annihilation to deal with South Vietnam. 196 years ago, Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang sent doctor Liu Jia to South Vietnam to persuade Zhao Tuo to return to Han. Under the persuasion of Lu Jia, Zhao Tuo accepted the seal of Nanyue King given by Emperor Gaozu, surrendered to the Han Dynasty, and turned Nanyue into a vassal state of the Han Dynasty. Since then, Nanyue State and the Han Dynasty have exchanged envoys and communicated with each other. Liu Bang succeeded in making Zhao Tuo yield by peaceful means, instead of becoming a hostile force in the south of the Han Dynasty. 195 years ago, Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang died, and Liu Bang's wife, Lv Hou, took control of the state affairs and began to make bad friends with Zhao Tuo. She issued a ban on the sale of iron and other goods to South Vietnam in the border area with South Vietnam. Zhao Tuo considered that Lv Hou might annex South Vietnam through Changsha, so Zhao Tuo declared its secession from the Han Dynasty, calling itself "South Vietnam V", and sent troops to attack Changsha and retreated after defeating several border counties in Changsha. Immediately sent generals Long Youhou and Zhou Zao to attack Zhao Tuo, but because the soldiers of the Central Plains didn't adapt to the hot and humid climate in South Vietnam, they got sick one after another and didn't even cross Nanling. A year later, Lv Hou died and the Han army stopped attacking. At this time, Zhao Tuo, with the spread of its military prestige in South Vietnam, made Fujian, Ou and Luoyue all belong to South Vietnam, and its territory expanded to the peak. Zhao Tuo also began to give orders as an emperor and opposed the Han Dynasty. 179 years ago, after the death of Lv Hou, Emperor Liu Heng succeeded to the throne. He sent people to rebuild the graves of Zhao Tuo's ancestors, set up grave keepers, offered sacrifices on time every year, and gave Zhao Tuo's cousins official positions and property. Then, under the recommendation of Prime Minister Chen Ping, Emperor Wen of Han appointed Lu Jia, who had been to South Vietnam for many times, as a doctor in Taizhong, and asked him to go to South Vietnam again to persuade Zhao Tuo to return to Han. When Lu Jia arrived in South Vietnam, he told Zhao Tuo about his interests. Zhao Tuo was persuaded again, decided to recall the emperor, and returned to the Han Dynasty, still called "Na Man Vng". Until Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty, Zhao Tuo surrendered to the Han Dynasty. Every spring and autumn, he sent people to Chang 'an to appear before the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, and he accepted the orders of the Emperor of the Han Dynasty like a vassal. But in South Vietnam, Zhao Tuo continued to use the emperor's name. Before the reign of Zhao Mei 137, Zhao Tuo died. When he died, he was over 100 years old, all his sons died, and his throne passed to his grandson, Trio H, that is, Zhao Mei [5]. Two years after Zhao Hu ascended the throne, in 135, the king of Fujian and Vietnam took the opportunity to wage war against the border towns of South Vietnam. Shortly after Zhao Heng ascended the throne, the domestic people were still unstable, so he wrote to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, explaining the fact that Fujian and Vietnam invaded South Vietnam, and asked Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to handle the matter. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty praised Zhao Hu's actions, saying that he was loyal to his position as a minister, without dispatch troops attacking each other, and sent two generals, Wang Hui and Han Anguo, to crusade against Fujian and Vietnam. Before the Han army crossed Nanling, Yu Shan, the younger brother of Min Yue Wang, rebelled, killed Min Yue Wang Ying and surrendered to the Han Dynasty, so the Han army stopped its crusade. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty later appointed Yushan as the new king of Fujian and Vietnam, and sent Yan Zhu, a Chinese medicine practitioner, to South Vietnam to inform Zhao Hu about the handling of Fujian and Vietnam. When Zhao Hu learned of this, he expressed his deep gratitude to Yanzhu and told Yanzhu that South Vietnam had just been invaded by Fujian and Vietnam. After the treatment, he went to the capital of the Han Dynasty to appear before the emperor. Later, Prince Zhao was sent back to the Han Dynasty to be guarded by Zhu Di, the prince of Yan. After Yan Shu left, the ministers of South Vietnam used Zhao Tuo's teachings to remonstrate with Zhao Hujin and advised Zhao Hu not to go to Handu, so as not to be detained by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. If he can't come back to South Vietnam, it will be a situation of national subjugation. Therefore, Zhao Hu ruled South Vietnam for the next 12 years, and there was no excuse to go to North Korea to visit Emperor Wu. 122 Before Zhao took office, he was seriously ill. His son Liu Andi, who lived in the Han Dynasty, asked Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to return to South Vietnam. In the same year, he died and Zhao succeeded to the throne. Before going to Chang 'an, Zhao married a local South Vietnamese woman in South Vietnam and gave birth to her eldest son, Triukin C. After going to Chang 'an as a homestay, Zhao married Handan's daughter and gave birth to a son named Zhao Xing. After Zhao ascended the throne, he asked Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to make his wife Ji the queen and Zhao Xing the prince. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty approved his request, which was a move to give birth to a young son and laid a curse for the future South Vietnam rebellion. Zhao is a tyrant and likes to kill people at will. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent messengers to Nanyue many times and tactfully advised Zhao to go to Chang 'an to worship Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Zhao was afraid that after he went to Beijing, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty would follow the example of mainland governors and enforce the laws of the Han Dynasty. Therefore, he never went to Chang 'an on the pretext of being ill, and only sent his son Zhao Cigong to Chang 'an to guard the night. 1 15 before Zhao Xing ascended the throne, Zhao Qi Ying died of illness, and Prince Zhao Xing succeeded to the throne, and his mother was the Queen Mother. 1 13 ago, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Anguo Ji Shao to South Vietnam to tell Queen Zhao Xinghe to go to Beijing to worship the emperor. At the same time, the debater was ordered to admonish Chen Wei, the doctor's final army and warrior, to help Anguo go out for a short season, while Lu Weiwei Bode led his troops to Guiyang to meet the emissary. At this time, Zhao Xing was still young, the empress dowager came from the Central Plains, and the real power of South Vietnam was actually in the hands of Prime Minister Lv Jia. According to historical records, when Queen Tan did not marry Zhao, she had an affair with Angola. After Anguo came to South Vietnam, they had an affair again, so South Vietnamese people didn't trust Tan. Queen Tan was afraid of unrest and wanted to use the power of the Han Dynasty to persuade Zhao Xinghe and his ministers to join the Han Dynasty many times. He also sent a letter to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty through emissaries, requesting to go to Chang 'an to meet with Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty once every three years, and to remove the frontier fortress bordering the Han Dynasty. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty agreed to Nanyue's request and gave the official seal to Nanyue's prime minister, literature and history, lieutenant and Dafu. The rest of the official positions were set by Nanyue, which meant that the Han Dynasty court directly appointed and dismissed Nanyue's senior officials. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also abolished the cruel torture before South Vietnam, such as torture and flogging, and applied the laws of the Han Dynasty according to the mainland governors. At the same time, all envoys sent to South Vietnam will stay to appease South Vietnam and strive for stability in South Vietnam. After receiving the imperial edict from Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, Empress Zhao Xinghe immediately prepared to go to Beijing to appear before Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. Lv Jia, the prime minister of South Vietnam, is very old. From Zhao to Zhao Xing, he assisted three South Vietnamese kings. His clan has more than 70 officials in South Vietnam and married the South Vietnamese royal family. His position in South Vietnam is very prominent, winning the trust of South Vietnam and even surpassing the prestige of Zhao Xing. He is the real master of power in South Vietnam. Lv Jia opposed the Han Dynasty many times, but Zhao Xing ignored it all the time, which made Lv Jia have the idea of betrayal and refused to meet the envoys of the Han Dynasty many times. Queen Xing-he Zhao was afraid of Lv Jia's preemptive strike, so she hosted a banquet for the envoys of the Han Dynasty and Lv Jia, hoping to kill Lv Jia and others with the help of the envoys of the Han Dynasty. During the dinner, the Queen Mother pointed out face to face that she didn't want to belong to the Han Dynasty, so as to provoke the envoys of the Han Dynasty to kill. But at this time, general Lv Jia's younger brother was leading the troops to guard outside the palace, and Anguo Ji Shao and other messengers hesitated, and finally did not dare to start work. At this time, Lv Jia saw that the situation was not good and immediately got up and left the palace. Empress Dowager Cixi was furious and stabbed Lv Jia with a spear, but was stopped by Zhao Xing. After Lv Jia went back, he arranged for some of his brother's soldiers to strengthen their defense in their own residence, and refused to see Zhao Xing and the emissary because of illness. And secretly plotted with ministers to launch a rebellion. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty got the news that the South Vietnamese regime was in danger, and accused Anguo Ji Shao and other messengers of cowardice and incompetence. At the same time, he thinks that although Zhao Xinghe and Tan have entered the Han Dynasty, the insurrection is not worth fighting for. So in 1 12, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent the younger brothers of Empress Han and Tan to South Vietnam. When Han He entered South Vietnam, people finally launched a rebellion. Lv Jia first created a public opinion, saying that Zhao Xing was too young, that the Queen Mother was from the Central Plains, that she had an affair with the messengers of the Han Dynasty, and that she wanted to belong to the Han Dynasty, regardless of Nanyue, and only considered the favor of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Then Lv Jia took the opportunity to lead the troops into the palace with his younger brother and killed Zhao Xing, the Queen Mother and the envoys of the Han Dynasty. After the killing of Zhao Xing, Zhao and his wife, Zhao Jiande, the eldest son from South Vietnam, were appointed as the new king of South Vietnam, and they sent the king of Qin in Cangwu and officials from various counties and counties across the country to inform him. At this time, Han's army entered South Vietnam and captured several border towns. Later, South Vietnam pretended not to resist and provided food for the smooth advancement of the Korean army. After walking 40 miles from Panyu, South Vietnam suddenly attacked Han's army and wiped them out. Lv Jia also had the symbols of the envoys of the Han Dynasty packed in wooden boxes, and attached a letter pretending to apologize to the Han Dynasty, which was placed on the Sino-Vietnamese border, and troops were sent to various fortresses on the South Vietnamese border for strict defense. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was very angry when he learned about it. On the one hand, he paid for the relatives of the victims, on the other hand, he issued the imperial edict to send troops to South Vietnam. 1 12 autumn, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent 654.38+ten thousand criminals and sailors south to Jianghuai, and attacked South Vietnam in five ways. In the first way, Lubbock was appointed as General Fu Bo and led his troops from Guiyang and Changsha (now Hunan) to Huangshui. In the second way, Yang Servant Jue and a surname were appointed as the ship's generals, and they went to the county (now Jiangxi) and went straight down to Hengpu. On the third and fourth roads, two South Vietnamese who surrendered to the Han Dynasty were appointed as General Gechuan and General Li Xia respectively, and led the troops out of Lingling (now in Hunan), then all the way down to Lishui (now in Lijiang, Guangxi) and all the way to Cangwu (now in Guangxi). The fifth way is to use Bashu sinners to mobilize Yelang's army and go straight to Jiang Ke. The war was fierce and lasted for a year. Until the winter of11/years ago, yangfu, the general of shipbuilding, led a good soldier, first captured the canyon, then broke through the Shimen in the north of Panyu, seized warships and grain from South Vietnam, took the opportunity to go south, defeated the vanguard troops of South Vietnam, and led tens of thousands of troops to wait for the army of General Lü bode of Fu Bo. Lubbock led the pardoned sinners and walked a long way. Only then did I join forces with Yang servant, reaching more than 1000 people, so I marched together. Yang servant led a great army to open the way ahead and went all the way to Panyu, while Zhao Jiande and he held on in the city. Yang Fu, a shipbuilding general, chose favorable terrain and stationed his troops in the southeast of Panyu. After dark, Yang servant led the troops to attack Panyu City and set it on fire. Fu Bo's general Lubod camped in the northwest of the city and sent envoys to persuade South Vietnam to surrender. South Fu Bo has long heard of the reputation of general Lubod, so they went to Lubod's flag one after another. At dawn, most of the South Vietnamese defenders in the city had surrendered to Lubod. Lv Jia and Zhao Jiande saw that the situation was not good. Before dawn, they led hundreds of people to flee and sailed west along the coast. After asking the surrendered South Vietnam, Lubod learned the whereabouts of Lv Jia and Zhao Jiande and sent troops to hunt him down. Finally, Zhao Jiande was captured by Lu Bode's captain Sima Suhong, while Lu Jia was captured by Sun Du, a former Langguan in South Vietnam. After Lv Jia and Zhao Jiande were captured, all counties in South Vietnam, including Zhao Guang, the king of Cangwu, the governor of Guilin and the magistrate of Jieyang, surrendered without a fight. General Gechuan and General Li Xia's troops, as well as Yelang's army mobilized by Chiyihou, have not arrived yet, and South Vietnam has been pacified. After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty pacified South Vietnam, nine counties were set up in the original territory of South Vietnam, which was directly under the Han Dynasty. In this way, after 93 years, the Nanyue State, which was established by the Five Dynasties Nanyue Kings and Zhao Tuo, was finally destroyed by the Han Dynasty.