Porcelain had a new development in the Tang Dynasty. The firing temperature of porcelain reaches 1200℃, and the whiteness of porcelain reaches over 70%, which is close to the modern fine porcelain standard. This achievement laid the foundation for the development of underglaze and overglaze porcelain.
In Song Dynasty, the embryo quality, glaze color and manufacturing technology of porcelain were improved, and the firing technology of porcelain reached a fully mature level. Technically, there is a clear division of labor, which is an important stage in the development of China porcelain. There are many famous kilns in the Song Dynasty, including Yaozhou Kiln, Cizhou Kiln, Jingdezhen Kiln, Longquan Kiln, Yue Kiln and Jian Kiln, as well as products such as Ru Kiln, Guan Kiln, Ge Kiln, Jun Kiln and Ding Kiln, which are known as the five famous kilns in the Song Dynasty, all of which have their own unique styles. Yaozhou kiln (Tongchuan, Shaanxi) has exquisite products, thin fetal bones and uniform glaze color; Cizhou Kiln (Pengcheng, Hebei Province) takes magnetic mud as the blank, so porcelain is also called porcelain. Cizhou Kiln mostly produces white porcelain with black flowers; Jingdezhen kiln products are thin, shiny, exquisite light-induced, with high whiteness and transparency, which is one of the representative works of promoting porcelain in Song Dynasty. The products of Longquan kiln are mostly pink or turquoise, and the glaze color is gorgeous and bright; The porcelain fired in Yue Kiln is thin, delicate and beautiful. The black porcelain produced in Jian Yao is one of the famous porcelains in Song Dynasty, and its black glaze is as bright as lacquer. Ru kiln is the crown of the five famous kilns in Song Dynasty. The glaze color of porcelain is mainly light blue, and the color is clear and moist. Whether the official kiln exists has always been a controversial issue. It is generally believed that the official kiln is the official kiln in Bianjing, and the kiln site burns porcelain for the court in Bianjing. Where the Ge kiln is fired has always been a controversial issue. Based on the analysis of all kinds of data, the most likely firing place of Ge kiln is the same production as the official kiln in the Northern Song Dynasty; There are many colored porcelains burned in Jun kiln, and the porcelains in carmine, turquoise and ink are also good. The porcelain produced by Ding Kiln is thin, shiny, moist and white as powder, which is called powder setting or white setting.
Fine white glaze was successfully fired in Ming Dynasty, and monochrome glazed porcelain with copper as colorant was successfully fired, which made Ming Dynasty porcelain rich and colorful. The diversification of glaze methods of Ming dynasty porcelain indicates the continuous progress of porcelain-making technology in China. During Chenghua's reign, he created the "Doucai" with the outline of underglaze blue and white, and during Jiajing and Wanli's reign, he made colorful colors drawn directly in various colors without blue and white borders, all of which were famous treasures.
In the Ming Dynasty, a kind of porcelain was made by adding glaze color to the outline of underglaze blue and white. Because underglaze blue and white and underglaze colored paintings compete with each other, it is named "Doucai".
Porcelain in Qing Dynasty developed further on the basis of outstanding achievements in Ming Dynasty, and porcelain-making technology reached a brilliant realm. Plain tricolor and multicolor in Kangxi period, famille rose and enamel in Yongzheng and Qianlong periods are all world famous products.
Porcelain imitating the enamel effect of copper tires in Qing Dynasty. Enamel color is also called "material color".
Porcelain is made of porcelain stone, kaolin, quartz stone and mullite. , the surface is coated with glass glaze or painted objects. Porcelain is fired in a kiln at a high temperature (about 1280℃- 1400℃), and the glaze color of porcelain surface will undergo various chemical changes due to different temperatures. Generally speaking, sintered porcelain tires contain less than 3% iron and are impermeable to water. Because of its low cost, wear resistance and water tightness, it is widely used by people all over the world and is a treasure of Han civilization.
China is the hometown of porcelain, which is an important creation of the Han working people. Xie recorded in "Five Miscellanies": "Today, those who weigh kiln wares have built the most Cizhou kilns, so they are named for each other, such as the silver name Mi Ti and the ink name." At that time, replacing kiln furniture with "porcelain" was caused by the largest output of Cizhou kiln. This is the earliest historical material to find the title of porcelain.