Istanbul was founded in 660 BC, when it was called Byzantium. In 324 AD, Constantine the Great of the Roman Empire moved the capital from Rome to Constantinople.
1453 became the capital of the Ottoman Empire, and was customarily called Istanbul. It was not until Kemal established the Republic of Turkey that he moved the capital to Ankara.
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The first people who settled in what is now Istanbul are thought to have come from the Bronze Age. They settled on the mound in the direction of Anatolia in Istanbul, and the instruments found there can be traced back to 5500-3500 years ago.
The nearby Kadiker (or Cassie) discovered the Phoenician port settlement. Before he colonized the Byzantine cities in the direction of Europe in the Strait under the leadership of King Megara in 667, the Moda point in Cassie was the first place that the Greek city-state megela chose to colonize in 685.
Before the city was built in Byzantium, it was an ancient port town "Ligos", which was founded by Thracian tribes from 13 to10/century ago, and was adjacent to the town "Simestrella" described by Pliny Sr in his historical works.
At present, there are only a few walls and buildings belonging to the Ligos period in Istanbul, which are close to the famous Topkapa Palace, now located in Salajic's Rio Point (Turkish: Sarayburnu). In the Byzantine city era, the Acropolis was located in the present Topkapa Palace.
Byzantium supported nazir in the war between nazir and Severus, which caused Byzantium to be besieged by Roman imperial troops in 196, and the losses were extremely serious.
The Roman emperor Severus, who later became emperor, rebuilt Byzantium, which quickly recovered its prosperity and was renamed Augusta antonina after his son.
In 324, Constantine the Great turned Byzantium into an ideal place for the new capital of the empire according to the instructions of a dream prophet.
18, in September, 324, Constantine the Great finally defeated the last Roman emperor, Leigh Signius, who co-ruled with him in the Battle of Zhuoripolis in the Bosporus, ending the era of the struggle between the four emperors.
Finally, the rule of the four emperors ended in name only, and Nicomedea near Byzantium (Izmit, east of Istanbul 100 km) was also the higher capital of Rome.
Six years later, in 330, Byzantium (then renamed as New Rome, and later also called Constantinople, meaning Constantinople) was officially declared as the new capital of the Roman Empire.
After Theodosius I's death in 395, his two sons carved up the Roman Empire, among which Constantinople became the capital of the Eastern Byzantine Empire. As the capital of the dynasty and located in the center of Europe and Asia, Constantinople's unique position made it a commercial, cultural and diplomatic center among countries.
1204, the fourth crusader captured Jerusalem, but the crusader replaced it with Constantinople, and the city was looted and desecrated. The city later became the capital of the Latin Empire, and the Crusaders hoped to replace the orthodox Byzantine Empire with this country.
The Byzantine Empire was divided into several countries, among which the Nicaean Empire regained Constantinople in 126 1 year under the leadership of Mikhail VIII.
Byzantine Empire was the inheritance of Greek culture and became the center of Orthodox Church. Many magnificent churches have been rebuilt, including St. Sofia's Cathedral, which was once the largest church in the world.
The spiritual leader of the Orthodox Church, the first patriarch of Constantinople, is still in St George's Cathedral in faneuil.
After centuries of decline, Constantinople was surrounded by more emerging and powerful empires, the most famous of which was Ottoman Turkey.
1453 On May 29th, Sultan Muhammad Ⅱ, the "conqueror", entered Constantinople after the siege on the 53rd, and this city soon became the new capital of the Ottoman Empire.
In the last decades of Byzantine Empire, Constantinople declined due to isolation from the outside world and increasingly serious economic bankruptcy. Its population plummeted to 30,000 to 40,000, and a large area of the city was uninhabited.
Therefore, Sultan Muhammad's first task is to restore the city's economy, establish a large covered market, and invite fleeing Orthodox residents to live in the city. Prisoners were also released and settled in the city.
At the same time, the chief executives of Rumania and Anatolia were ordered to transport 4,000 families, including Muslims, Christians or Jews, into the city to form a unique multi-ethnic society.
Sudan has also built many architectural treasures in various aspects, including Tokabi Palace and Sultan Ahmed Mosque. Religious sites have also given places to build large royal mosques, which are adjacent to schools, hospitals and public baths.
The rule of Suleiman I was a great achievement of art and architecture. The famous architect Lance has designed many mosques and other large buildings in Constantinople, and the art of pottery and calligraphy is also very prosperous.
The city began to modernize in the 1890' s, and built a bridge, a perfect water supply system, laid electric lights, and introduced trams and telephones.
Turkey was founded in 1923, and its capital moved from Constantinople to Ankara. In the early years of the Republic of China, Constantinople was regarded as the new capital of the Republic of China.
The Turkish government officially named the city "Istanbul" on 1930 in order to make the place names more in line with Turkish customs. During the period of 1950, the architecture of Istanbul experienced great changes, and many new roads and factories were built in the city.
Sometimes, some historical buildings are demolished to build modern broad boulevards, streets and public squares. 1955 After the Istanbul Massacre, many remaining Greek aborigines left and returned to Greece.
From 65438 to 0970, the population of Istanbul began to rise rapidly, and people from Anatolia flocked to Istanbul to look for jobs. Many new factories have been built in the suburbs.
The population growth in this period led to the rapid growth of residential groups. Many remote villages have been included in the city map.
Today, as the largest city in China, Istanbul is the financial, cultural and economic center of modern Turkey.
Baidu encyclopedia-Istanbul