Now people generally think that the United States is the winner of the cold war and the former Soviet Union is the loser of the cold war, but in fact, on the contrary, the United States is the loser of the cold war and the former Soviet Union is the winner of the cold war. The United States did not win the "hard cold war", but later carefully planned the "detente" strategy, unexpectedly launched a "soft hot war", but attacked it unprepared for a total victory.

The above-mentioned international strategic transformation of the United States began with the failure of the Vietnam War. After the French colonialists were forced to retreat from Vietnam hastily because of the defeat of Dien Bien Phu, the United States quickly intervened to expand its sphere of influence and began to intervene in the Vietnam conflict. Kennedy, the former president of the Democratic Party of the United States, tends to improve society and goes against the will of monopolizing capital. He once told reporters that he intended to withdraw troops from Vietnam, which was considered to be one of the important reasons for his assassination. For the American monopoly capital consortium, launching the Vietnam War can be described as "killing two birds with one stone", which can not only strengthen the blockade to contain China's "encirclement", but also make a fortune by expanding arms production. However, the United States did not expect to be defeated on the battlefield in Vietnam. With the strong support of China, the Vietnamese army won victories on the battlefield in the late 1960s. Later,/kloc-more than 100,000 American troops were surrounded in Zigong, facing the danger of total annihilation at any time. In view of the failure of the Vietnam War and the need to contain the rise of the former Soviet Union, Nixon personally came to Beijing to pay a visit to President Mao Zedong during the period of the strongest anti-American sentiment in China, which made up for Dulles' arrogance and rudeness in rejecting Zhou Enlai.

Although the United States has the most powerful military force in the world, it unexpectedly fell into the quagmire of the Vietnam War, which aroused strong protests from the broad masses of people at home. Huge military expenditure has led to huge fiscal deficit and inflation. Internationally, in addition to Britain's firm support for the United States as always, many Asian, African and Latin American countries and even Western European allies have strongly expressed their opposition to the US invasion of Vietnam. The United States feels that it has suddenly fallen into an embarrassing situation of internal troubles and foreign invasion from an arrogant superpower, and has been unable to dominate the world strategic pattern as a western leader.

In the late 1960s, in view of the fiasco of the Vietnam War, the American ruling class realized that the "Cold War" policy of the United States had failed, and was forced to start brewing a series of major adjustments in international strategy, voluntarily giving up the "Cold War" and turning to the "detente" strategy. However, the "detente" strategy that the United States began to implement in the early 1970s was not "abandoning confrontation" or "adopting defensive strategy", but a covert aggressive "soft war" strategy instigated by experienced British strategists.

Although the United States has long contained socialist countries in the Cold War, it has failed to stop the pace of industrialization and the improvement of comprehensive national strength in these countries. In the early days after World War II, the United States had an absolute advantage over the former Soviet Union in nuclear weapons, and its industrial output value was three times that of the former Soviet Union. Although the former Soviet Union suffered huge war wounds ravaged by the Nazis, the United States was not affected by the war, but made a fortune. However, the former Soviet Union, with its unique mobilization advantage of planned economy, quickly healed the wounds of war and caught up with the United States. In 1950s and 1960s, the economic growth was 2.5 times faster than that of the United States. In 50 years, the industrial output value was equivalent to 30% of that of the United States, and in 80 years, it rose to 80% of that of the United States. In the 1980s, many industrial products even surpassed the United States to rank first in the world, becoming the only superpower that can compete with the United States. Whether it is nuclear submarines, missiles or advanced aircraft tanks, the former Soviet Union not only has the same number as the United States, but also can compete with the military machines of all western allies. The development of some high-tech weapons in the former Soviet Union even led the United States, such as space weapons that successfully destroyed enemy satellites before the United States. It can be seen that the "cold war" pursued by the United States did not bring down the former Soviet Union, but promoted the former Soviet Union to establish a strong industrial and military strength. Without American psychological warfare and Gorbachev's mistakes, the former Soviet Union would not suddenly fall into total disintegration. In the 1970s, the aggressive offensive posture of the former Soviet Union in Europe was also one of the reasons that forced the United States to retreat from Southeast Asia in a hurry, even approaching tough and anti-American China.

The long-term blockade and embargo imposed by the United States on China also failed. Although the industrial base of old China was very weak, the blockade and embargo were not conducive to the development of foreign economic ties. However, New China has made great achievements in economic construction. In just over 20 years, it has completed the industrialization of the west for centuries and successfully established a complete industrial system, including heavy industry, civil industry and powerful national defense industry. Cars, planes and all kinds of industrial machinery and equipment, as well as nuclear bombs, intercontinental missiles and artificial satellites, can all be made by themselves. If the United States continues to pursue the cold war containment policy hostile to China, it will never be able to stop China's growing comprehensive national strength, and may even pay more than the Vietnamese battlefield.

During the Cold War, the United States was busy concentrating on dealing with the former Soviet Union and adopted a tolerant support policy for Japan and Western Europe. However, with the rising strength of these countries in the past two decades, the United States began to worry about the relative decline of national strength. In 1950s and 1960s, the share of the United States in the world gross national product dropped by about 1 1 percentage point, while Japan tripled and West Germany increased by 50%. The nationalist government led by Charles de Gaulle in France was unwilling to always revolve around the baton of the United States and withdrew from the NATO military organization headed by the United States. After the Vietnam War broke out, most western European countries strongly opposed the American policy, and the United States was still unable to coordinate NATO members diplomatically, let alone direct NATO countries to participate in the war of aggression. In 1950s and 1960s, the social improvement carried out by the West under the pressure of the Cold War, such as government intervention policy and nationalization movement, the booming trade unions and civil rights movement, also threatened the political and economic dominance of monopoly capital.

What worries the United States in particular is the rise of the third world powers, and the voice of reforming the old unequal international economic order is getting stronger and stronger. Although there was a multipolar world in which western powers competed for hegemony before, the competition of plundering wealth only aggravated the suffering of the people in Asia, Africa and Latin America. The bipolar situation of East-West confrontation after World War II not only "cooled" the endless hot war, but also formed a world competition around social morality. Third world countries have won independence and gained the right to independently develop their own people's economy. In the 1950s and 1960s, countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America launched nationalization campaigns one after another, nationalizing some mineral resources and foreign-funded enterprises, and the development of national industries was much faster than that in the colonial period. Under the bipolar confrontation between the East and West camps, the world has become conducive to the multipolarization of the third world, and the North-South struggle and the Non-Aligned Movement have flourished. Southern countries strongly demand the reform of the old international economic order, such as improving the terms of trade of primary products and raw materials, adding provisions to protect developing countries in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, and also demanding that western countries compensate for predatory losses during the colonial period, provide official free assistance, and foster the industrialization of the third world. The third world demands the reform of the old international economic order, which directly threatens the world dominance and economic interests of the United States.

The ruling class in the United States was alarmed to find that the attempt to blockade and contain China in Asia failed, and the Vietnam War was in danger of losing face. The domestic people set off a huge anti-war wave, and the military rise of the former Soviet Union in Europe was aggressive. Nuclear weapons and conventional armaments have even gained the upper hand in numbers. Western Europe and Japan's economic strength is also growing, and they are unwilling to obey the command of the United States after their fledgling wings. The third world openly opposes the existing international economic order, which directly threatens the long-term economic interests of American monopoly capital.

In this situation of domestic troubles and foreign invasion, a group of senior international strategists of the US government have made suggestions for the transformation of American international strategy. Former US Secretary of State Dr. Kissinger is an outstanding representative of these international strategists. Dr. Kissinger is well versed in the evolution and strategy of international relations, especially in maintaining close strategic cooperation with the British upper class. Britain has ruled its global empire for hundreds of years, has rich experience in world geopolitics and strategy, is keenly aware of the potential threat of changing world trends, and actively teaches the United States the technology of combining soft and hard, disintegration and disintegration in order to prolong and rebuild the global hegemony of the US-British camp. In the late 1960s, when Kissinger promoted the transformation of American international strategy, the British international strategic think tank played an important role. Kissinger once recalled, "From 1969 to 1977, as a special representative of the US government, I let the British Foreign Office know the inside story more fully than the State Council, and let the British wisdom more closely integrate into the US foreign policy." 〔2〕

International strategists in the United States and Britain believe that the trend of multipolarization is not conducive to world stability, because the rise of emerging countries will change the balance of power and will inevitably threaten and challenge the existing hegemonic order. However, the overall national strength of the United States is relatively declining, and it is necessary to adopt new strategies to maintain hegemony. The former Soviet Union and China should change from a tough cold war containment strategy to a soft and hard "detente" strategy, and partially abandon the blockade to contain socialist countries. Consciously cultivate dependence through economic and cultural exchanges, mentally distract the fighting spirit of socialist countries, and then use dependence as a means of attack and sanctions to display the trick of "carrot and stick", and combine soft and hard to induce the "peaceful evolution" of socialist countries. International strategists in the United States and Britain also believe that the United States should not sit idly by and ignore the strength of western Europe, Japan and other countries, but should take measures to weaken the economic strength of these countries, especially the rise of the power of third world countries. The industrialization of developing China countries with a large population will inevitably greatly enhance their economic and military strength, become competitors for natural resources with the United States, and pose a serious threat to the national security interests of the United States. The above-mentioned trend that is not conducive to the balance of power in the United States should be stopped as soon as possible. 〔3〕

After the change of international policy strategy, the new policy weapons adopted by the United States involve ideology, political economy, cultural exchange and other fields. The economic aspect includes taking trade, loans and investment as bait, cultivating dependence and then using it as a bargaining chip or attack means to form a complex policy weapon network that dominates all countries in the world; Manipulate international economic organizations to pursue policies that are beneficial to the United States, especially the neo-liberal economic policies and globalization policies, induce countries to open their doors to control their own economic lifeline, impose carefully designed conditions when providing loans, and induce countries to pursue suicide economic policies for petty profits; The political aspect includes linking ideology with economy and trade, using "human rights" as an excuse to put pressure on the former Soviet Union and other countries, shaking their basic political and economic systems, coercing many countries to carry out "democratic reforms" when conditions are not ripe, deliberately creating civil strife and division, and benefiting the fishermen; In terms of ideological and cultural exchanges, it is necessary to strengthen the control of monopoly capital on various mass media, make use of the common advantage of English left over from colonial times, publicize American ideology and individualism values, publicize neoliberal economic policies, attack the trend of social improvement that threatens the interests of monopoly capital, and use American rock music, records and Hollywood movies as sharp tools to subtly destroy the traditional cultures of all countries in the world and disintegrate their social collective values of safeguarding national interests, and so on.

The ruling classes in the United States and Britain especially advocate "strength policy". They believe that "strength" covers a wide range, including any means that can influence other countries to expand their own interests. In order to pursue its own self-interest, a country can use any strength chips in all fields by any means, and is not restricted by moral norms or international law. The only criterion is to get the maximum benefit at the lowest cost. When the United States and Britain have overwhelming military strength, they will not hesitate to adopt a naked gunboat policy to bully the weak and slaughter the people of weak countries. Once their opponents have the military strength to compete with them, they will also take advantage of the situation, change their strategies and play tricks, skillfully turn normal economic and cultural exchanges between countries into strategic tools to manipulate other countries for personal gain, and use "human rights" as an excuse to attack their own countries that have been invaded and plundered without blushing.

Due to the cultural differences between China and the West, it is often difficult for China people to understand the aggressiveness of western international policies. Historically, China's dominant way of governing the country was Confucianism founded by Confucius, which advocated that "a gentleman should take good money and take it wisely" and "don't do to others what you don't want him to do to you". Taoist Laozi also advocated "the world is public" and put forward the simple thought of "the world is one". In contrast, Anglo-Saxon culture in the United States and Britain takes individualism as the core, emphasizes the freedom of individuals to pursue private interests, and condemns the social constraints on individuals to seek private interests. The British ruling class, proficient in tactics, also deliberately put on an angel coat for its policies. The East India Company once sponsored Adam Smith, founded the theory of free market and free trade, and demonstrated that individuals have the greatest freedom to seek self-interest. Even if the personal interests they pursue are despicable, they will spontaneously realize the greatest social benefits under the guidance of the "invisible hand". If Adam Smith's theory is very deceptive, then the realistic international political theory advocated by the ruling class in the United States and Britain denounces the theory that free trade promotes the harmonious development of mankind as an unrealistic "idealistic" fantasy, and clearly proposes to use any means or power chips to seek to expand the sphere of influence or even pursue world hegemony, which vividly exposes its code of conduct, but it is "hegemony is supreme, money is nowhere to be found, and it is biased towards others" and advocates weakness.

Throughout history, during the period of 1405- 1433, Emperor Judy of the Ming Dynasty sent Zheng He on seven voyages to the Western Ocean, covering Southeast Asia, Arabia and Africa. On the first voyage, Zheng He's fleet had 300 large ships, the largest of which was 400 feet long and had as many as 28,000 sailors and soldiers. Zheng He's fleet was huge and advanced in navigation technology, which was unmatched even in the following hundreds of years. 1492, when Columbus first sailed, he had only three ships and 90 sailors, and the largest ship was only 85 feet long. There is no doubt that China was once the world's largest maritime power, but China did not use its maritime military strength to invade, colonize and expand or plunder other countries' wealth as the West did. In recent years, the right wing of the United States has trumpeted the threat of China's rise and tried to provoke relations between China and Southeast Asia. Malaysian President Mahathir retorted that if China people really wanted to expand and threaten others, Zheng He would have gone to the Western Ocean long ago. But what Zheng He did was comity and friendly trade, and history proved that it was the invasion and expansion of western powers.

Western powers also began to colonize and plunder from the sea. The compass and gunpowder in China's "Four Great Inventions" became the magic weapon for colonialists to compete for world hegemony. Different from Zheng He's ocean-going fleet, the colonists' fleet was small, but it passed through bleeding places everywhere. More than a hundred years after Zheng He arrived in Africa, British colonists also arrived in Africa. However, Africans are no longer greeted by friendly messengers from the East, but by greedy western robbers who specialize in slave trade. When Britain entered the early stage of capitalism, the greed for private property profits expanded even more, and joint-stock companies raised funds to further expand this greed. The fleet that sold slaves to North America grew rapidly. From 1680 to 1789, a * * * sold 2.5 million slaves. After more than 400 years of Zheng He's ocean voyage, the British Empire, which grew into the first maritime power, sent warships to launch the evil Opium War, and the ancient Chinese nation, which once created brilliant marine civilization, tasted the bitter fruit of "returning evil for good".

China was not only far ahead of the West in Zheng He's voyage to the West, but also richer, more advanced and more open than any other region in Europe in the long history of thousands of years. According to the theory of balance of international relations believed by the west, China deserves to be the first world power. But China didn't dominate the world by himself, nor did Zheng He's voyages to the Western Seas rely on powerful naval forces. He invaded and plundered the Asian-African continent, did not occupy the Malacca Strait and other navigation routes, and did not lag behind. Chinese civilization has made countless brilliant achievements, but it has never studied where is the strategic location in the world, where is the throat in the strait, and how to plunder other people's wealth for their own use.

When the western powers bullied and ravaged the weak old China in every way by virtue of their advanced "building strong ships and guns", their jackal nature was exposed in broad daylight. Although the Chinese nation has a bullying nature, it also has a mighty and unyielding national spirit. Facing the powerful economic and military strength of western powers, an epic national struggle for existence was launched. In modern history, the Chinese nation went through hardships to resist oppression and finally chose the socialist revolutionary road. On the one hand, it is out of the desire for social justice, on the other hand, it is to mobilize the people as widely as possible to fight against powerful foreign enemies with great disparity in strength. Facing the western economic and military blockade, the people of China did not fear intimidation, safeguarded national dignity, and built a complete industrial system on their own. Seeing that the containment of the Cold War failed, the United States was forced to turn to a new detente strategy. No matter what the purpose of the strategic shift of the United States is, the improvement of the international environment is beneficial to China after all, and it is a historical progress that countless ancestors have paid with their lives.

We should be soberly aware that the good nature of China people is not aggressive, even noble quality is also a potential weakness. China people are not greedy for global hegemony, nor are they proficient in manipulating world politics. Therefore, it is difficult to understand the desire and motivation of the United States and Britain to seek global hegemony and gain insight into the complex undercurrent of international politics. China people observe the evolution of world affairs and international relations from their kind nature, and it is difficult to understand the foresight of the "detente" strategy of the United States, and it is also difficult to see through the hidden dangers in normal international exchanges. China culture advocates "harmony" and expects a harmonious and quiet life. Once the jackal was brutally killed in the past, he gave up naked attacks and threats and even made various friendly expressions on his own initiative. It is easy for China people to let their guard down. They believe that the jackal abandoned evil and did good, which has changed in essence. They believe that the world has since entered the Eden without wild animals, and they believe in "peace"