Liu Wei, Emperor Zhang of the Han Dynasty in the Empress Mausoleum of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Jing Mausoleum.

, take an examination of the library, there is a sign of the cloud.

Song Yuan's "Jin Wen Hou Hanshu Zhang Di Ji Zan": Emperor Zhang Xiao has more wealth, less judgment, chaotic boudoir, and consorts are fond of him. Treasure it! If Ming and Zhang are the two masters, the loss is more than enough, and the ancient sages are also.

Third, the records of Jingling in historical materials.

The third chapter of the History of Emperor Su Zongxiao in the Later Han Dynasty wrote: "In February of the second year of Zhanghe, the emperor collapsed in the front hall at the age of 33. There is no bedroom in the testamentary edict, just like the legal system of the first emperor. In March, Emperor Zhang Xiao was buried in Jingling. "

"The History of the Later Han Dynasty Filial Piety and Mourning for the Emperor IV" contains: "In March, Gui Mao was buried in Jingling, Emperor Zhang Xiao."

Jin Huangfu Mi's "Century of the Emperor": "Luoyang County is thirty-nine miles southeast, and the mausoleum is 100 paces on Wednesday, with a height of twenty feet and six feet, and there is no wall. Weima, Simamen and Zhong Kun are all here. Ma's palace province is in Dongyuan Temple, and the official residence is in the north of the temple. Raising 12 hectares of farmland is 85 steps. "

Western Jin Liang Sima Biao's Book of Rites: "The ancient and modern notes contain an acre of the Mausoleum, which is attached. The mausoleum of Emperor Zhang is 300 steps on the side of the mountain, and it is six feet and two meters high. Without Joo Won?, I went out of Simamen to walk my horse. Shi Dian and Zhong Guo are on horseback. The sleeping hall and garden are in the east. The official residence of the Garden Temple is in the north of the temple. The levee closed the field by 25 hectares and 55 acres. "Historical Records of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty" said: "Southeast of Luoyang, go to Luoyang for thirty-nine miles. "

Li Xian's Notes on the Book of the Later Han Dynasty: "The ancient and modern notes contain an acre of mausoleum, which is attached here. The mausoleum of Emperor Zhang is 300 steps on the side of the mountain, and it is six feet and two meters high. Without Joo Won?, I went out of Simamen to walk my horse. Shi Dian and Zhong Guo are on horseback. The sleeping hall and garden are in the east. The official residence of the Garden Temple is in the north of the temple. The levee closed the field by 25 hectares and 55 acres. "Historical Records of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty" said: "Southeast of Luoyang, go to Luoyang for thirty-nine miles. "

"Literature General Examination" contains "Zhang Di Jingling, 300 steps on the side of the mountain, six feet high. Without Joo Won?, I went out of Simamen to walk my horse. Shi Dian and Zhong Guo are on horseback. The sleeping hall and garden are in the east. The official residence of the Garden Temple is in the north of the temple. 25 hectares and 52 acres of farmland. " "Emperor Century" says: It is in the southeast of Luoyang, and it reaches 39 miles in Luoyang (in the first month of the second year, Emperor Yizhang collapsed and was buried in March). "

Ge Naixian's Record of Heshuo's Visit to the Ancient Times (Volume II): "Emperor Zhang Han reveres the mausoleum. "The Century of the Emperor" said: "In the southeast of Luoyang County, the mausoleum is 39 miles long and 20 feet 6 feet high. There is no fence, so that the horses are all around, Sima Gate and Zhong are all there. The Mazhong Palace is in Dongyuan Temple, the official residence is in the north of the temple, and the farmland is closed for 12 hectares and 85 steps." (According to Henan annals, the farmland is closed for 20 hectares and 55 acres)

Zhu Qing's "Preparation of Tombs in Past Dynasties: Volume XIII": "In the thirteenth year of Su Zong's taboo, Wu collapsed in the first month, at the age of 33, and there was no burial temple in the posthumous edict, such as the legal system of the first emperor. In March, Gui Mao was buried in Jingling, southeast of Fucheng, Henan. In March, the heart invited the temple to say that Su Zong, * * * entered the martial arts dance, making it possible.

Song Taizu Gander wrote letters to two families in Shouling for four years and offered sacrifices every two years. In the third year of Taihe, a memorial ceremony was held in Jin Zhangzong according to the record of Shangshu Province. "

Four. Introduction of cemetery

Liu Weiling, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, is located in the southwest of guojialing Village, Koudian Town, yanshi city City, Henan Province, with a length of104m from east to west, a width of 93m from north to south and a height of12m. It has a flat-topped dome shape and is well sealed. It is basically covered with grass and trees, surrounded by a five-story terrace, with the top 32.5 meters long from east to west, from north to south.

Liu Wei Mausoleum of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty is located in the southwest of guojialing Village, Koudian Town, yanshi city City, Henan Province. This tomb is slightly dome-shaped, with a length of104m from east to west, a width of 93m from north to south and a height of12m. It has a circular flat roof, and it is completely sealed, basically covered by grass and trees, and there is a terrace around it. In addition, Otsuka in the northwest is 95m long from east to west,105m wide from north to south and10m high, which is very similar to Otsuka in the southwest of Li Jiacun and Nanda in Baicaopo. The geographical situation of guojialing Village is a gentle slope with high in the south and low in the north. Otsuka faces north, with its back to Wanan Mountain, and faces the Ilo Plain, where the original soil is high and easy to be buried. A treasure trove of feng shui.

Five, only buried empresses

Queen Dou, Liang Guiren, Queen Song.

Emperor Gaozu Zhang Didu, namely, Fufeng Ping Ling Sinus (-97) and Emperor Gaozu Zhang. Great-grandfather Dou Rong, Guan Da Situ; Father fights Xun, chasing Jue An into Xi Hou; My mother is Princess Jingyang, the daughter of Liu Qiang, the king of the East China Sea. In August of the second year of the founding of the People's Republic of China (AD 77), Dou and his sister were elected to the Changqiu Palace. Because of its beauty and extraordinary manners, it was appreciated by Matthew and loved by Emperor Zhang of Hanzhao. In 78 AD, she was made queen. Queen Dou framed Song Guiren and Liang Guiren through conspiracy attacks. In the seventh year of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Emperor Gaozu Liu Gan deposed Qing as the king of Qinghe, made Zhao, and made Dou Hou the crown prince. Soon, Song Guiren committed suicide by drinking medicine. Empress Hou Dou framed Liang Guiren, the mother of Emperor Han and killed herself. In February of the second year of Zhanghe (AD 88), Emperor Zhang of Hanzhao, who was only 33 years old, collapsed in front of the temple. Chu Jun Zhao, who was only 10 years old, became the Emperor of Han and He. Dou Taihou is the empress dowager. Because He Di was young, Dou Taihou was in power. Immediately, Dou Taihou wrote to appoint Dou Xian to disobey Zhangdian Fuzheng; Qiu Dengbiao is a teacher. In the 4th year of Emperor Yongyuan of Han Dynasty (AD 92), Dou Xian conspired to rebel and leaked the news. Han and Emperor decided to kill Dou Xian. Since then, all officials of the Dou Shi family have been removed from their official positions, and Dou Taihou has also been placed under house arrest, and is not allowed to participate in political affairs. In the 9th year of Yong Yuan in Han Dynasty, Dou Taihou died of depression and was buried in Jingling.

Empress Han Zhang and Empress Song, namely, Empress Song and Han Yongping (58-75), were elected to Taigong, and Emperor Han Zhang ascended the throne and became a noble person (a noble person in the Great Song Dynasty) to celebrate the birth of the Crown Prince. Spin to waste, noble suicide. After the death of Emperor Shang, the eldest son was celebrated as Emperor An. In the first year of Jianguang, in March, he chased his ancestors, Song nobles, and called them "Empress". "Andy acceded to the throne with the prince of Qinghe filial piety, worshipped his grandmother Song Guiren in the first year of Jianguang, and later worshipped Beiling. As for the tomb sacrifice, it is often cited as Xiling. "

Empress Liang of Emperor Zhang of the Han Dynasty, namely Empress Gong Huai, Empress Gong Huai Liang (6 1-? ) Liu Wei, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, is the mother of Emperor Wu and Di. Chasing the queen. Liang is the daughter. Liang lost his mother since childhood and was raised by his aunt princess royal. Liang was sixteen. In the second year of his construction, he and his sister both chose to join Ye Ting and become dignitaries. In the fourth year of the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Gui Liang lived with the emperor. Queen Zhang raised her as her own son. I am jealous of Liang Jia for my proper name. In eight years, Queen Dou wrote a flying book to frame Liang, who was sitting still and waiting for death, and the nobles and sisters were worried about his death. ""The emperor used the nobles to enjoy the cool, and the funeral was over. But buried in Chengguang Palace. He respected the queen for filial piety, and all the officials mourned. He buried Xiling with his sister and nobles, which was more respectful than the garden. "

Sixth, the investigation records and research of Jingling.

There are few accurate records about the setting of Zhang Mausoleum of Emperor Zhao of Han Dynasty since Ming and Qing Dynasties.

In the Qing Dynasty, Gong Songlin, the magistrate of Luoyang County, visited the tombs around Luoyang and erected monuments for them one by one. He approved the second Han tomb as Zhang Hanling, and erected the stone tablet of Zhang Hanling. 199 1 edition of Mengjin County Records, Collection of Cultural Relics, Imperial Tombs and Celebrities' Tombs and China Cultural Relics Atlas, Henan Volume also recognized Gong Songlin's point of view. "Zhangdi Jingling is forty-one miles northeast of Luoyang, and now it is located in Pingle, and the northeast road protects the north", and a monument was erected in front of the second Han tomb, saying, "The bow around the mausoleum is 315 and 16 feet high; Four directions: from the mausoleum to the east and west, there are four bows, two feet five inches, six bows in the south, three bows in the north, and more than 800 bows in all directions. The above-mentioned land of Lian (Erziguan) is 26 mu, 6 minutes and 6 minutes. Except for the land of Ling 16 mu, 3 minutes and 9 minutes, the old land covers an area of 7 mu, 6 minutes, 2 minutes and 7 minutes. Now it is found to be right. "

After the founding of New China, the ownership of the second Han Tomb and Gong Songlin's textual research were questioned. For example, Mr. Chang 'an Chen corrected Gong Songlin's point of view in the article Exploration of the Eastern Han Tomb in Mangshan, Luoyang, and thought that the so-called "second Han Tomb" should be the mausoleum of Bowie Lau, the Emperor of Hanshun. This view has also been widely recognized by academic circles, and it is also on the national key cultural relics protection monument in front of the "Second Han Tomb" established in 2005. Koryo River (2005) "Discussion on Issues Related to the Mausoleum of the Eastern Han Dynasty" also recognized that the so-called "Second Han Tomb" of Emperor Gaozu Zhang should be the mausoleum of Bowie Lau, the Emperor of Hanshun. According to the latest archaeological investigation, the "two Han tombs" should be Gong Ling of Liu Hu, Emperor Han.

Throughout history, the differences of views on the investigation of tombs in Nanzhao area of the Eastern Han Dynasty are mainly manifested in the differences between the two positioning systems of tombs in the Eastern Han Dynasty. There are two criteria to distinguish Nanzhao Mausoleum in the Eastern Han Dynasty. One is the Jin Dynasty, namely Huangfu Mi's The Emperor's Century, Liang Liuzhao and Sima Biao in the Western Jin Dynasty, and so on. The other is Don Ji, a book of the later Han Dynasty, annotated by Prince Zhang Huai. In addition to the differences between Li Jing and Tang Li, there are also differences in the specific recording direction between the two books. According to the records of the Tang Dynasty, Wang He's "Preliminary Study on the Mausoleum of Emperor Zhao Yu in the South of the Eastern Han Dynasty" holds that the Nanda Tomb in Baicaopo, Pangcun Town, yanshi city, Henan Province is the tomb. However, according to the Book of Jin, articles such as Discussion on the Mausoleum of the Eastern Han Dynasty by the Korean River suggested that Jingling should be located in guojialing.

In 2007 and 20 14, the author visited the south of Emperor Ling of the Eastern Han Dynasty twice, and thought that Dazu, southwest of guojialing Village, was more likely the tomb of Emperor Zhang of Hanzhao.

First, it conforms to the records of historical documents.

According to historical records such as "The Century of the Emperor" and "The Book of Continued Han Dynasty", the mausoleum of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is located in Nanzhao domain of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and Nanzhao domain contains six tombs (Liu Zhuang Xianjie Mausoleum of Emperor Wu, Liu Weiling of Emperor Wu, Liu Mausoleum of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Liu Longkang Mausoleum of Han Dynasty, Liu Zanjing Mausoleum of Han Dynasty and Herry Liu Ling Xuan of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty), namely. Six mausoleums are strewn at random from north to south, among which there are tombs buried with people.

Second, textual research conforms to geographical location and geographical location.

According to historical records such as "The Century of the Emperor" and "The Book of Continued Han Dynasty", "Emperor Zhang worships the mausoleum, which is 300 steps on the side of the mountain and 6 feet 2 high. Without Joo Won?, I went out of Simamen to walk my horse. Shi Dian and Zhong Guo are on horseback. The sleeping hall and garden are in the east. The official residence of the Garden Temple is in the north of the temple. 25 hectares and 52 acres of farmland have been added. The emperor's century said: in the southeast of Luoyang, it is thirty-nine miles to Luoyang. According to the book, the century of the emperor was written in the Western Jin Dynasty, so the village here is Li Jing. Draw an arc from Qingyang Gate, the south gate of Luoyang City in Han and Wei Dynasties. The location of Jin 39 Li is roughly in Li Jiacun and guojialing Dynasties, Chengkoudian Town, yanshi city City, Henan Province. This is different from the previous scholars' saying that the southern area of the Eastern Han Dynasty is in Zhai Zhen, south of Luohe and Yuetan, but the general scope is not bad. "

According to the location and records of Xianjie Mausoleum, Jingling should be located in the southeast of Xianjie Mausoleum. If we think that Otsuka in the southwest of Li Jiacun is the Fairyland Mausoleum, then it is undoubtedly correct that Jingling is located in the guojialing Dynasty. However, Mr. Han Kazuo also emphasized in his works: "It is not reliable to look for the corresponding relationship on the map simply by relying on the information provided by the imperial century. However, we can't deny that it provides a way to confirm the relative tomb position. " Therefore, other factors should be considered comprehensively when investigating the tombs in Nanzhao territory.

Secondly, according to archaeological findings and data, it is compared with Dahan's tomb and historical records.

According to historical records, there are two mounds in the northwest and southwest of guojialing Village. The mound in the southwest is104m long from east to west, 93m wide from north to south and12m high. The mound in the northwest is 95m wide from north to south, with a length of105m from east to west and a height of10m. As for the tomb sacrifice, it is too often cited as Xiling. ".The tomb of Queen Zhang Xiaosong is located in the north of Jingling, which coincides with the location of large tombs in the northwest of guojialing Village. The location of the tomb in Gan Xi Village happens to be the only one, not far from the west side of the two tombs in guojialing Village.

Third, according to the archaeological evidence of cultural relics

In addition, on the north side of Otsuka in the northwest, local villagers said that the city wall made of stone roads and big bricks had been buried underground. The existence of these sites has nothing to do with the mausoleum of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Shi Dian and Zhong Guo are on horseback. The sleeping hall and garden are in the east. The Garden Temple is in the north of the temple. "Records are consistent, and the architectural sites in the north of the tomb are likely to be gardens, temples and other buildings, which are not found in the tombs of the Tang Dynasty.

The author thinks that the two adjacent tombs in the north and south of guojialing Village are Jingbei Mausoleum and Jingling Mausoleum respectively, and the tomb in the southwest of Li Jiacun is the tomb of Queen Huai in Xigong, but it seems inconsistent with archaeological findings. A stone tablet and two Shi Hu were found near Otsuka in guojialing village. The stone tablet and Shi Hu were unearthed in the playground on the south side of the teaching building of guojialing Primary School, about 800 meters away from Daban in the northwest of the village in the north and 0/00 meters away from Daban in the southwest of the village in the south. Looking at the relationship between the unearthed site and its nearby tombs, it seems that the Shinto stone carvings in Otsuka, southwest of the village. The head of the stone tablet is integrated, the head of the stone tablet is still intact, and six dragons are coiled. The front seal script "The Monument of the Ancient People Keeping Taogong in Tang Dynasty" is divided into three lines, each with four words, 88 cm long, 107 cm wide and 33 cm thick. Only about13 remains in the whole monument, with a length of 73 cm, a width of 105 and a thickness of 30 cm, with obvious traces of weathering residues. Regular script has 43 lines, each line is about 3 1 word, and half of them are blurred. The owner of the tomb is Tao, who was lord protector, the deputy director of Anxi in the Tang Dynasty. On this basis, Wang and Wang's preliminary research on the tombs of emperors in Nanzhao area of the Eastern Han Dynasty holds that the two tombs in guojialing Village have nothing to do with the tombs of emperors in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the Nanda tomb in Baicaopo, yanshi city, Henan Province is the tomb of Emperor Han Ming.

However, the author still has doubts. Although stone tablets and stone carvings have been unearthed in guojialing Village, there is still insufficient evidence as to whether they are related to the two tombs in the north and south of guojialing. The shapes of the two tombs do not seem to conform to the characteristics of the tombs in the Tang Dynasty. Both tombs are flat-topped and round. Otsuka in southwest China is104m long from east to west, 93m wide from north to south and12m high. Otsuka in northwest China is 95m long from east to west, 15m wide from north to south and 10m high. It is very similar to Otsuka in the southwest of Li Jiacun and Nanda in Baicaopo, regardless of its size and shape. Is it that Tao's official position is only Anxi's deputy? Judging from the adjacent relationship between the two plots and their mutual position with the mausoleum of Xian Jie, they are probably related to the mausoleum of Zhang Han.

According to the records of Luoyang Second Cultural Relics Team and yanshi city Cultural Relics Management Committee, the Eastern Han Group south of Baicaopo was investigated and drilled, and it was found that the tombs near Nanjuntun Village of Baicaopo were large in scale and belonged to the mausoleum level. In addition, through the drilling of the tombs near Ningcun, guojialing and Li Jiacun, it is found that four tombs near Ningcun, guojialing and Li Jiacun belong to the mausoleum level, among which the diameter of the tomb near Li Jiacun is180m, while the enclosure of Han tombs near Gan Xi Village is about100m, which should not belong to the mausoleum. The latest archaeological investigation, through drilling, also confirmed the status of tombs in the northwest and southwest of guojialing village.

According to the archaeological evidence found so far and on-the-spot investigation, the author thinks that the two tombs in the southwest and northwest of guojialing Village, Koudian Town, yanshi city, Henan Province are more likely to be Zhang Hanling and Jingying Mausoleum.

Jingling raiders:

There is a shuttle bus from Guanlin Bus Terminal to Koudian Town, yanshi city. After getting off at Koudian Town, you can walk north along an asphalt road in Koudian Village, which is Li Jiacun, and Otsuka is in the southwest of Li Jiacun. If you walk along the asphalt road east of Koudian Village, you can reach Gan Xi Village and visit Otsuka in Gan Xi Village. Go east along this road, you can walk to the village road in the north-south direction, and Baicaopo Village leads directly to Ningcun in the south. Guojialing Village's two enclosures are located on the east side of this road, which are large in scale and not far apart.

Appendix: Relevant information of Tao Tombstone:

Inscription of Tang Anxi's Fu Du Hu Tao

Line1:2212222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222

Route 2: Yurun, Jianghan, Hongchuan, Zhou Ze and Zhou Ze.

The third line: after the establishment of the county, there are 100 households, except for the secretariat of Jiaozhou, Nanqi, Nanqi, Nanqi and Nanqi.

The fourth line: clansmen must choose Wu, Yu, Hong, Shen, Xin, Yi, Ye, Ye, Ye, Ye.

The fifth line: "Hepu Pearl was returned by Shanyin, and Hongzhou secretariat awarded' Ye, Ye, Ye, Ye'.

Line 6: Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe.

Line 7: loving god is like a parent's business.

Line 8: Yichang is now, now, now, now, now, now at 223 12.

Line 9: Huang Wu Xuan Ying map "2222222222223 Fengxiang"

Line 10: Emperor Taizong rescued ewald from Yin, but saved Gong from drowning with the gesture of "Qi, Qi, Qi, Qi".

Line 1 1: The rebellion of the founding of Rong County in Upper Zhu Guohua was peaceful and faint.

12 line: in the sixth year of Zhenguan, the immortal was on a hill and answered the questions of the court with a wizard.

Line 13: Now, now, now, now, now, now.

Line 14: now, now, now, now, now, now.

Line 15: enter, enter, enter, enter, enter, enter, enter, enter, enter, enter, enter, enter, enter, enter, enter, enter, enter.

/kloc-line 0/6: The words in the imperial edict of People's Republic of China (PRC)'s grace are reversed. Chen Jian said that he could use Liang Yingzhi's bow and sword against Ding Yong.

17 line: land of dry land, land of blue mountains, land of victory, land of northern line, land of gold and land of Wuwei.

Line 18: Wang Qiqi Qiqi invited Guihua Xinyuan to fly to the valley and return to the mine-free package.

Line 19: Five surnames-221222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222

Line 20: 23123123123123123/kloc. 23 123 123 123 123 123 123 123 123 123 123 123 123 123 / kloc-0/23 123 123 123 123 123 123 123 123 123 123 123 123 1 23 123 123 123 123 123 123 123 123 123 123 123 123 123 123 123 123 123

2 1 line: now, now, now, now, now, now at 222.

Line 22: Yong Bing, Yong Bing, Yong Bing, Yong Bing, Yong Bing, Yong Bing, Yong Bing, Yong Bing, Yong Bing, Yong Bing, Yong Bing, Yong Bing.

Line 23: Water injection thief, thief, thief, thief, thief, thief, thief, thief, thief.

Line 24: Not left, right, right, left, right, right, left, right, right, right, right, right, right, right, right, right, right, right, right, right, right, right.

Line 25: Hai Zheng knows each other. He was killed for more than 60 days before and after Conghua. Killed by 58 array, captured by a thousand troops.

Line 26: win, win, and then take another escape. I didn't work hard, but I frustrated it. I won't follow suit.

Line 27: Fight out of the fog with a sword before riding.

Line 28: Let's face the public, watch the court and rush to the door. It's not a matter of time.

Line 29: After the battle of picking Wei, first call in its songs, and then return to the army, according to the surnames of each department.

Line 30: Go to the Golden Gate on Tianyu Guanmian Road and visit relatives and friends indefinitely.

Line 3 1: It's a treasure with the word first frost, and a treasure with a funeral car.

Line 32: Give up 20 13 years, 20 13 years, 20 13 years, 20 13 years, 20 13 years, 20/3 years. Negative effects of 20 13 years, 20 13 years, 20 13 years, 20 13 years.

Line 33: Seven Leaves in the Western Heaven, Story of Diesim Jiangdong, Five Dragons, Family, Xiaoyi, Qi Jin Ziguang.

Line 34: Gong Chengze and Si's group is based on the principle that children and grandchildren should be loyal and filial, and relatives should observe precepts, which is the mother's.

Line 35: The original ceremony of Gou Jian's family is also adjacent to Luoling Yichuan, which leads to clear blue and notes on Huaihai Zuogaosong Shao Shi Diecuiling Cave.

Line 36: Wayne Lu Zhenting is loyal, loyal, loyal, loyal, loyal, loyal, loyal and sincere.

Line 37: The general manager is good at making peace, making peace, making peace, making peace, making peace.

Line 38: The poem "231223123123123123123" kloc-0/23 123 123 123 123 123 123 123 123 123 123 123 123 1 23 123 123 123 123 123 123 123 123 123 123 123 123 123 / kloc-0/23 123 123 123 123 123 123 123 123 123。

Line 39: It is the leisure time of the previous generation.

Line 40: Hao, Hao, Hao, Hao, Hao, Hao, Hao, Hao, Hao, Hao.

Line 4 1: See three puzzles of Deshen, one is graceful, the other is graceful, and the other is graceful.

Line 42: the country won the battle with softness, softness, fairness, capital, Yao, Yao, Yao and Yao.

Line 43: Japanese people take night photos, the side of the platform is dark and long, and the clouds see the middle street on the high bay.

There are too many missing words in the monument, only 1/3 is left in the upper part of the monument, so it is unknown which family the owner's name belongs to. According to reports, Lu Yao's Record of Continued Scholars in Qing Dynasty (Volume 6) includes the Tang Dynasty Xuanzhou secretariat, Tao Daqi's Monument to Virtue, and "Hengshan in dangtu county, south of the Yangtze River". (China Bookstore, Beijing, 1, Volume V, original, continuation and supplementary principal, 1985, photocopying 192 1 year, sweeping wild houses) is also published in Volume 9 12, entitled "The Secretariat of Tang Xuanzhou". Compared with the Monument to Tao Gong, the Deputy Governor of Anxi, and the Monument to Tao Dade's Administration in Xuanzhou, the other articles are similar. The Political Monument of Taoda School in Xuanzhou said: "Father taboo, Liang's work, along with the achievements of the west, step Qingchi County, step state Sima, on the princes, the founding of Danyang County." The Monument to the Vice-Governor of Anxi has corresponding contents:' Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe, Xihe. The inscription on the "Monument to Tao Gong, Vice Capital of Anxi" reads: "Founding Duke of Upper Zhu State and Huarong County", which was the title given to Tao by Taizong in Zhenguan period. The Book of the Whole Tang Dynasty is recorded as' Yan Rong County, the Founding Duke'. There is no distinction between' Yan Gu' and' Yan Rong' in the history of China. If it is Huarong county, it may be difficult to distinguish between Yan and traditional Chinese characters because of the defects of remnants. According to the personnel mentioned in the second tablet, it can be proved that the remnant tablet unearthed in guojialing Village of Yanshi is "Anxi Vice Wei Tao Da Tablet".

According to the remnant volume of "Tao Da Pai De Zheng Bei", in the first year of Emperor Gaozong (668), he was the secretariat of Shuozhou, and in the first year of Hongdao (683), he was the secretariat of Xiangzhou, and he died soon. This monument was built in the first year of Yu Yongchang (689), when Wu Zetian was in office for six years. Zhao Mingcheng wrote five volumes of Jin Shi Lu in Song Dynasty, including Tang Huaizhou's Tao Da Bei and Xu Jiao Guan Shu written by Yao Chong. Eight years of kaiyuan'. (Jin Shilu, page 93, Shanghai Painting and Calligraphy Publishing House, 1985) Joe's Chronicle of Jin Shilu also recorded the tablet of Tao Gong (Xijing), indicating that he was buried in Luoyang, the eastern capital. If Tao lived to be 70 years old, he would have experienced the early, Taizong and Wuhou dynasties. The two brothers are close in age. According to the inscription, six years before Emperor Taizong's Zhenguan reign (632), Tao was named "the Founding Duke of Huarong County" and "Shangzhou". As a minister of Jingjiang in the imperial court, he mainly lived in the Tang Taizong and Gaozong dynasties. The inscription was captured by Jia for more than 60 days. Anyone who has killed tens of thousands of people and captured several cities after 58 battles must find the lower part of the inscription in the future to know the time and place of the war and the object of conquest. Therefore, Tao Da probably died in the last years of Emperor Gaozong and the early years of Wu Zetian. The Book of the New Tang Dynasty, Volume 49, Four Views on Hundred Officials, says:' Most magistrates protect one person, and two are two. Most of the lieutenants protect two people from the damage of the doctrine. Assistant guards two people, fourth grade. "(The Book of the New Tang Dynasty, p. 13 16, Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1975) Anxi was the protector of the prefect, and Tao Dawei was the fourth official of the imperial court.

List of Investigation Records of Mausoleum Relics in Past Dynasties "Catalogue of Liu Weiling, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty"

Record content

comment

location

Southwest of guojialing Village, Koudian Town, yanshi city City, Henan Province

The owner of the grave

all one's life

For details, please refer to Zhang Diji in the later Han Dynasty.

bury

land

place

exist

In February of the second year of Zhanghe, the emperor collapsed in Zhangde Qiantang, at the age of 33. There is no bedroom in the testamentary edict, just like the legal system of the first emperor. In March, Gui Mao buried the emperor Zhang Xiao in Jingling.

Ye Fan's "The History of the Later Han Dynasty Su Zongxiao Zhang Di Ji San"

Southern Dynasties

In March, Gui Mao buried the emperor Zhang Xiao in Jingling.

Ye Fan's Book of the Later Han Dynasty: Filial Piety and Filial Piety to Shang Emperor IV.

Southern Dynasties

Thirty-nine miles southeast of Luoyang county, the mausoleum is 100 paces on Wednesday, twenty feet and six feet high, and there is no wall. It is for the horse to go out in all directions. Sima Men and Zhong Kun are here. The palace in the horse is in Dongyuan Temple, and the library is in the north of the temple. 12 hectares of 57 acres of land closed 85 steps.

Huangfu Mi's "Age of Empire"

Western Jin Dynasty (265-3 17)

Notes on Ancient and Modern Times contains an acre of the emperor's mausoleum, which is attached here. The mausoleum of Emperor Zhang is 300 steps on the side of the mountain, and it is six feet and two meters high. Without Joo Won?, I went out of Simamen to walk my horse. Shi Dian and Zhong Guo are on horseback. The sleeping hall and garden are in the east. The official residence of the Garden Temple is in the north of the temple. The levee closed the field by 25 hectares and 55 acres. The emperor's record said, "In the southeast of Luoyang, go to Luoyang for thirty-nine miles.

Liang and Sima Biao in the Western Jin Dynasty: The History of Continuing Han Dynasty and Ritual System

Western Jin Dynasty (265-3 17)

Li Xian's Notes on the Later Han Dynasty

the Tang Dynasty

Emperor Zhang Zun's mausoleum is 300 steps on the mountain side, with a height of 6 feet and 2 feet. Without Joo Won?, I went out of Simamen to walk my horse. Shi Dian and Zhong Guo are on horseback. The sleeping hall and garden are in the east. The official residence of the Garden Temple is in the north of the temple. 25 hectares and 52 acres of farmland have been added. "The Century of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty" said: I went to Luoyang 39 miles southeast (the second year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty collapsed in the first month and was buried in March).

Ma Duanlin's "A General Examination of Documents of Past Dynasties"

Southern Song Dynasty

Emperor Zhang Han visited the mausoleum. "The Century of the Emperor" said: "In the southeast of Luoyang County, the mausoleum is 39 miles long and 20 feet 6 feet high. There is no fence, so that the horses are all around, Sima Gate and Zhong are all there. The Mazhong Palace is in Dongyuan Temple, the official residence is in the north of the temple, and the farmland is closed for 12 hectares and 85 steps." (According to Henan annals, the farmland is closed for 20 hectares and 55 acres)

Ge Naixian's Visit to the Ancient with Heshuo, Volume II

Yuan dynasty (1206- 1368)

Emperor Su Zong was very taboo about Zhang Xiao and ........................................................................................................................................................................... In March, Gui Mao was buried in Jingling, southeast of Fucheng, Henan. In March, the heart invited the temple to say that Su Zong, * * * entered the martial arts dance, making it possible. Song Taizu Gander wrote letters to two families in Shouling for four years and offered sacrifices every two years. In the third year of Taihe, a memorial ceremony was held in Jin Zhangzong according to the record of Shangshu Province. "

Zhu Kongyang's "Preparation of Tombs in Past Dynasties, Volume XIII"

clean

Zhang's mausoleum is located 4 1 mile northeast of Luoyang. Now located in Pingle Bao Bei, Northeast Road, a monument was erected in front of the second Han tomb, saying, "The bow around the mausoleum is 315 feet high; Four directions: from the mausoleum to the east and west, there are four bows, two feet five inches, six bows in the south, three bows in the north, and more than 800 bows in all directions. The above-mentioned land of Lian (Erziguan) is 26 mu, 6 minutes and 6 minutes. Except for the land of Ling 16 mu, 3 minutes and 9 minutes, the old land covers an area of 7 mu, 6 minutes, 2 minutes and 7 minutes. Now it is found to be right. "

Gong Songlin's "Luoyang County Records" Volume 4

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funeral

time

Zhanghe two years (AD 88) in March Guimao.

The History of Zhang Di Ji at the End of Han Dynasty

funeral

situation

Empress, Empress Dou (-97), from Fufeng Ping Ling, Empress. In the 9th year of Yong Yuan in Han Dynasty, Dou Taihou died of depression and was buried in Jingling.

In March of the first year of Jianguang, the emperor, the Empress of Song Dynasty, called the Empress. "Andy acceded to the throne with the prince of Qinghe filial piety, worshipped his grandmother Song Guiren in the first year of Jianguang, and later worshipped Beiling. As for the tomb sacrifice, it is often cited as Xiling. "

Empress Liang of Emperor Zhang of Hanzhao, namely Empress Gong Huai, Empress Gong Huai Liang (6 1-? ) Liu Wei, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, is the mother of Emperor Wu and Di. Chasing the queen. The emperor used the nobles to enjoy the cool and receive the funeral, but it was reburied in Chengguang Palace, and the queen was honored to mourn, so that the officials buried Xiling with her sister and nobles, which was more respectful than the garden.

Grave burial

keep

hill

grave

place

exist

Erhanzhong

Henan people's publishing house, Mengjin county annals, compilation of cultural relics, tombs of emperors and celebrities

199 1

Zhai Zhen and Yuetan Generation in the Southeast of Luoyang

Yang Kuan, Ota Yuko, Takagi Zhijian, etc. "Investigation of Qin and Han Tombs"

1982