Guan Yu (—2 19) was born in the Huan period of the Eastern Han Dynasty and in Hedong (now Yuncheng, Shanxi) County. Famous soldiers of Shu and Han in the Three Kingdoms period. After his death, he was revered by the people and praised by the court. He was honored as Guan and also called Bodhisattva by Buddhism. The famous soldier of Shu in the Three Kingdoms period. He was honored as a "warrior sage" by later rulers, and was nicknamed "Wen Sheng" along with Confucius.

Guan Yu was brave and strong when he was a teenager, and took evil as his enemy. According to local folklore, Guan Yu is a blacksmith, and some people say that he sells tofu. Anyway, he comes from the lower class. There is also a legend that Guan Yu didn't take his surname Guan at first because he killed someone and changed his name. That year, Guan Yugang 19 years old. He came to Xiezhou from Lower fengcun, wanted to see the county magistrate, and stated his ambition to serve the country. However, the chief refused to meet him because he was a nobody. That night, he stayed in the county hotel and heard someone crying next door. Ask, just know that the person crying is called Han Shouyi, and his daughter was seized and ravaged by the bully Lu Xiong in the city. Lv Xiong is a member, colluding with officials and bullying men and women. At that time, because Xiezhou City was close to Yanchi, the groundwater was salty and inedible, and only a few sweet wells were spread all over the city. Lv Xiong asked his men to fill all the sweet wells in the city, leaving only one sweet well in his yard. There is also a rule that only young and beautiful women are allowed to carry water, otherwise they are not allowed to enter. The young woman who came in was either molested by him or raped by him. Everyone hates it, but because of Lu Xiong's deep pockets, no one can do anything. After Han Shouyi's daughter was occupied by Lu Xiong, the old man was so angry that he couldn't breathe and had to cry alone. Guan Yu was furious. He broke into the Lujia family with a sword, killed one family and rescued Han and other good women. After that, he fled to other places overnight. On the way through Tongguan, he was questioned by customs officers. In desperation, he said that his surname was Guan and he would never change it again.

After Guan Yu arrived in Zhuoxian County (now Zhuoxian County, Hebei Province), it happened that the Eastern Han government mobilized local powerful landlords to organize armed forces to jointly suppress the Yellow Scarf Uprising. Here, he met Liu Bei (Liu Bei is a descendant of Liu Sheng, the son of Emperor Jing of the Western Han Dynasty) and Zhang Fei, who were like-minded, fell in love at first sight and were extremely friendly and close as brothers. According to legend, Liu, Guan and Zhang became sworn friends in Taoyuan. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms expressed their vows: "Although we are brothers with different surnames, we should work together to help the poor; Serve the country, go to peace and prosperity, don't want to be born on the same day in the same year, just want to die on the same day in the same year. " Although this is a novelist's statement, it has great influence, because it conforms to the mentality of the middle and lower classes in an era of frequent turmoil. Many peasant uprisings in later generations followed the example of swearing in the teacher's righteousness to consolidate the ranks and strengthen unity. The three men organized an armed force and took part in the attack on the peasant rebels. Guan Yu also began his military career. From the first year of Zhong Ping (184) to his death, Guan Yu always faithfully followed Liu Bei, "walking with him and avoiding difficulties and obstacles" (The Story of the Three Kingdoms Shu Shu Guan Yu).

Liu Bei rose up and took part in suppressing the yellow turban insurrectionary uprising. Guan Yu and Zhang Fei acted as his guards and were his right-hand men. In the first year of Jian 'an (184), Liu, Guan and Zhang took the newly organized army to Zou Jing's home. The Yellow Scarf Army fought in Zhuo Jun, cooperated with the officers and men to resist, and won the first battle, which made great contributions. So they left Zhuo Jun and came to Lu Zhi, the corps commander who besieged the leader of the Yellow turban insurrectionary uprising. After arriving in Guangzong, they decided to return to Zhuo Jun because Lu Zhi was framed and sent back to the capital. On my way home, I met Zhang Jiao, the god of the Yellow Scarf Army, who was chasing Lu Zhi's successor Dong Zhuo. Guan Yu and Zhang Fei led a team to kill the Yellow Scarf Army and save Dong Zhuo. Later, Liu Bei defected to Gongsun Zan, a warlord in Youzhou. Because of repeated military exploits, he was appointed commander-in-chief of Pingyuan, and Guan Yu and Zhang Fei were appointed as Sima of the other department, with different branches. The three of them are still "sleeping in the same bed, as close as brothers" (The Story of the Three Kingdoms Shu Shu Guan Yu Biography), and Guan Yu and Zhang Fei stand beside Liu Bei all day to protect Liu Bei.

In the first year of Jian 'an (196), after Cao Cao welcomed Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty to move to Xuchang (now Xu Changdong, Henan), he took charge of military and political affairs, and the emperor became a puppet. In the third year of Jian 'an (AD 198), Liu Bei was defeated by Lu Bu and took refuge in Cao Cao. Cao Cao praised him as the left general, worshiped Guan Yu as the corps commander (second only to the general's military attache), and Dong Cheng, a chariot-riding general, accepted the imperial edict and plotted with Liu Bei, a captain of Changshui, and General Wu and Wang Fu to get rid of Cao Cao.

In the fourth year of Jian 'an (199), Liu Bei was afraid of Cao Cao's suspicion and wanted to leave Cao Cao's control. Yuan Shu, the right general, was defeated and volunteered to intercept with Zhu Ling, the general. Cao Cao's advisers Cheng Yu, Guo Jia and Dong Zhao thought that Liu Bei with ulterior motives should not be released. Cao Cao immediately sent someone to chase him, but the result was not satisfactory. Yuan Shunan fled Shouchun (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province), and Zhu Ling moved troops back to Korea. In December, Liu Bei killed Che Zhou, the secretariat of Xuzhou, took Guan Yu as the agent and sent Pi (now northwest of Suining, Jiangsu) as the satrap. He stationed troops and recruited troops to expand his strength, echoing the anti-Cao forces in the DPRK. Chang (now Tancheng, Jiangsu Province), the leader of the East China Sea Rebel Army, and other neighboring counties have surrendered to Liu Bei. Liu Bei's army soon grew to tens of thousands, and he sent messengers to form an alliance with Yuan Shao, which posed a serious threat to Cao Cao. And defeated Sima Changshi Liu Dai and corps commander Zhong Wang who came to crusade, and temporarily obtained Xuzhou and Xiapi as bases for rest and development.

In the first month of the fifth year of Jian 'an (200), the plan to assassinate Cao Cao by General Dong Cheng and others was leaked, and Dong Cheng, Wang Fu and Zhong You were all slaughtered, but Liu Bei, who participated in the plot, escaped and became more and more powerful. Cao Cao personally conquered Liu Bei, and Liu Bei was shocked to learn that Cao Cao was coming. He rode out of the city and took dozens of heads to observe. Sure enough, he saw the flag of Cao Jun and had to fight in a hurry. He was defeated by Cao Jun and Liu Bei's wife was captured. Cao Cao then captured Pi and forced Guan Yu to land. Liu Bei fled to Yecheng (now southwest of Linzhang, Hebei Province) and defected to Yuan Shao.

Cao Cao praised Guan Yu as a man and worshipped him as a partial general. He is very polite. But he soon realized that Guan Yu was not practical and had no intention of staying long, so he said to Zhang Liao, who had a good relationship with Guan Yu, "Please ask him as much as possible with feelings." . When Zhang Liao went to ask Guan Yu, Guan Yu sighed, "I know very well that Cao Gong has always been very kind to me, but I was sworn by General Liu for mutual destruction, and I can't break it. I won't stay until the end, I will effectively report Tsao Gong's departure "("The History of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Shu, Guan Yu Chuan "). Zhang Liao told Cao Cao about Guan Yu's remarks. When Cao Cao heard about it, he didn't resent Guan Yu, but thought he was kind and valued him more.

In the fifth year of Jian 'an (200 years), the battle of Guandu broke out. In February, Yuan Shao, a priest in Jizhou, mobilized more than 100,000 troops and marched into Liyang (now northeast of hua county, Henan Province) to conquer Cao Cao, and sent general Yan Liang to surround the white horse and attack the satrap to ensure that the main force crossed the river south. Ada is in urgent need of help. In April, Cao Cao rescued Ada from the north and relieved the flank threat. Counselor Xun You suggested, "Since the serenade was defeated, it is possible to divide its potential. When you go, if you are in the rear, Shao will respond to it in the west, and then tap the white horse to cover it up. Yan Liang can also be a bird (Biography of the Three Kingdoms and Wei Shuwu), and Cao Cao followed his plan. When Yuan Shao heard that Cao Bing was going to cross the river, he split his troops and marched west to Yanjin. When Cao Cao took the opportunity to lead the troops into Baima, which was more than 0/0 away from Baima/Kloc-0, Yan Liang was frightened and hurried to battle. Cao Cao sent Zhang Liao and Guan Yu as pioneers. Guan Yu jumped on his horse and saw Yan Liang's cover from a distance (the general rode in a car and covered it with a cover). He rushed over and stabbed Yan Liang to death in the crowd and returned with his head beheaded. Yuan Shao's generals are all "incompetent" ("The History of the Three Kingdoms Shu Shu Chuan Guan Yu Chuan"). Cao Cao ordered the army to kill, and Yuan Jun was defeated and dispersed, thus solving the siege of the White Horse.

Cao Cao praised Guan Yu for his bravery, rewarded him and named him Hanshou Hou Ting (Hanshou, place name; Hou Ting, marquis). After Guan Yu killed Yan Liang, Cao Cao knew he would go, so he rewarded him. Guan Yu sealed up all the rewards that Cao Cao gave him many times, hung the seal of Hanshou Hou Ting in his class, wrote a farewell letter to Cao Cao, protected Liu Bei's family, and left Cao Ying to look for Liu Bei in Yuan Shao's army. When Cao Cao's soldiers heard about it, they all wanted to catch up. Cao Cao dissuaded them and said, "Each has his own master, so don't chase after him" (Biography of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Shu and Guan Yu).

From Guan Yu's capture and meritorious service to Cao Cao's return to Liu Bei, this experience has been passed down from mouth to mouth and spread widely. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms has formed a colorful story unit, including three things about Guan Gong's detention of Tu Shan (not Cao, but Han); Treat yisow with courtesy; I will resign as soon as I know the whereabouts of Liu Bei. Cao Cao treated Guan Yu well, with a small banquet for three days and a big banquet for five days; Cao Cao gave the robe, Guan Yu put it on the bottom of his coat and covered it with Liu Beici's old robe, not daring to forget the old with the new; Cao Cao gave a red rabbit horse, and Guan Yu thanked it, thinking that Liu Bei could be seen one day riding this horse; Guan Gong beheaded Yan Liang and punished Wen Chou; Guan Gong hangs the seal gold; Riding a thousand miles alone, going through five customs and cutting six generals; Old town brothers meet, etc. In China, few people don't know this story.

Yuan Shaonan marched and sent Liu Bei south to attack Cao Cao's rear, and Cao Cao's department defeated Coss. Liu Bei fled back to Yuan Shao's army, was suspected, and secretly planned to leave Yuan Shao, so he suggested that Yuan Shao form an alliance with Jingzhou Muliu Biao, and put Cao Cao in a position of being caught between Scylla and Charybdis. Yuan Xin believed it, and sent Liu Bei and his troops south to meet Gong Dou, the leader of the Yellow Scarf Army, once again. His troops expanded to thousands, posing a threat to Cao Cao's rear. In July of that year, in order to stabilize the rear, Cao Cao sent general Cai Yang to crusade against Liu Bei. Liu Bei made full preparation and deployment, and led troops to attack Cai Yang. The two armies fought, Cao Jun was defeated, and Cai Yang was killed. In the autumn of the sixth year of Jian 'an (20 1), Cao Cao unified his army to attack Liu Bei in Runan. In September, Guan Yu took refuge in Jingzhou with Liu Bei, and Gong Dou and other departments were scattered. At this point, Liu Bei left Yuan Shao and got the opportunity to develop his own power. Liu Biao treats Liu Bei with courtesy. Since then, Liu Bei has been stationed in Jingzhou.

From the sixth year of Jian 'an to the thirteenth year (20 1-208), Liu Bei devoted himself to recruiting talents and expanding his military strength in these eight years. In particular, in the twelfth year of Jian 'an (2007), he visited the cottage and invited Zhuge Liang. Guan Yu and Zhang Fei were unhappy to see that the relationship between Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang was getting better and better. After Liu Bei noticed it, he severely criticized him and Zhang Fei, saying, "There is a hole in the lonely, and there is water in the fish." I hope you don't repeat what you said (The History of the Three Kingdoms Shu Shu and Zhuge Liang Chuan). Guan Yu and Zhang Fei will never object again.

In the 13th year of Jian 'an (208), Cao Cao led an army south to levy Liu Biao. Liu Biao died, and Liu Cong, who succeeded Jingzhou Pastoral, surrendered to Cao Cao. In order to avoid the sharp edge of Cao Jun, Liu Bei withdrew from Fancheng and retreated to Jiangling (now Jiangling, Hubei Province), and sent Guan Yu to lead more than 10,000 water troops to meet Jiangling by water. When Liu Beijun retreated to Changsakan in Dangyang (now northeast of Dangyang, Hubei), he was defeated by Cao Cao's cavalry, and the road to Jiangling was cut off by Cao Jun, so Liu Bei had to lean towards Hanjin. Guan Yu led the water army to meet and protect Liu Bei from retreating to Xiakou.

According to Ji Shu, Liu Bei and Cao Cao were hunting in Xuchang. Guan Yu once advised Liu Bei to kill Cao Cao when people were scattered to avoid future trouble. Perhaps because the situation did not allow it, Liu Bei did not agree. This time, we met in Hanjin and ran aground. Guan Yu said indignantly, "If you had listened to me at the hunting ground, there would not have been today's disaster." Liu Bei explained: "It was also for the country. Cherishing Cao Cao is a rare talent. Besides, if God helps the righteous, how can I know that wandering today is not my blessing? "

After Cao Cao occupied Jiangling, the momentum was even stronger, and it was very likely that Liu Bei, who had no place to stand a cone, would be swallowed up and Sun Quan in Jiangdong would be destroyed. This happened when Sun Quan and Liu Bei defeated Cao Cao's famous Battle of Red Cliffs. 1 1 month, Sun and Liu joined forces to defeat Cao Cao in Chibi (now northwest of Puyin County). The 10,000 elite water army led by Guan Yu was the main force of Liu Bei and played an important role in this battle. Later generations romanticized the details of Guan Yu's interpretation of Cao Cao on Huarong Road in order to highlight the characteristics of Guan Yu's "full of affection and heavy righteousness", and has been moxibustion population ever since.

After Battle of Red Cliffs, Liu Bei took the opportunity to capture Wuling, Changsha, Guiyang and Lingling counties (all in present-day Hunan). Liu Bei got four counties, plus the south county lent to him by Sun Quan, and finally got a firm foothold in Jingzhou. Then Liu Bei worshipped the founding father. Guan Yu was appointed prefect and general of Xiangyang, guarding Jingzhou.

In the sixteenth year of Jian 'an (2 1 1), in December, Liu Bei led his troops into Bashu, took Yizhou, and Guan Yu stayed in Jingzhou. Guan Yu was given 500 Jin of gold, 50 million Liang of silver 1000 Jin and 1000 Jin because Yizhou was peaceful.

Jingzhou, including Nanyang, Nanjun, Jiangxia, Wuling, Changsha, Guiyang and Lingling, is a strategic place for Cao Cao, Liu Bei and Sun Quan. After Battle of Red Cliffs, Cao Cao occupied Nanyang County and the northern part of Nanjun County, while Sun Quan occupied Jiangxia County and the southern part of Nanjun County. The so-called "borrowing Jingzhou" means that Sun Quan lent Liu Bei the southern part of Nanjun, which he occupied. In the second year of Liu Bei's acquisition of Yizhou (2 15), Sun Quan sent Zhu Gejin as a special envoy to discuss with Liu Bei and demanded that several counties in the south of Jingzhou be returned to Dongwu. Liu Bei refused, and Sun Quan sent a group of officials to take over Changsha, Lingling and Guiyang counties. Guan Yu resolutely refused, and all the officials sent by Sun Quan were blown back. In a rage, Sun Quan immediately sent Lv Meng to lead 20,000 soldiers and horses to forcibly seize these three counties. After Lv Meng captured Changsha and Guiyang counties, Liu Bei quickly led 50,000 troops to the public security, and sent Guan Yu to lead 30,000 military forces to Yiyang to recapture these two counties. Sun Quan also personally went to Lukou and sent Lu Su to lead 10,000 soldiers and horses in Yiyang to refuse Guan Yu. Wu Dong's army and Guan Yu's army are camped in Yiyang, facing each other.

Sun and Liu fought for Jingzhou. At this time, Liu Bei (16 1-223) heard that Cao Cao (155-220) had captured Hanzhong and quickly shared Jingzhou with Sun Quan (182-252) to resist Cao Cao. At the same time, Guan Yu gave a banquet to welcome Lu.

After Battle of Red Cliffs, Guan Yu, who was holed up in Jingzhou, was named as "Xiangyang satrap", while Jingzhou towns such as Xiangyang and Fancheng were still controlled by Cao Cao. In order to realize Zhuge Liang and Liu Bei's plan of crossing Jingzhou and Yizhou in Longzhong Dui, when the time is ripe, Jingzhou Army will go straight to Nanyang (now Nanyang, Henan Province) and Luoyi Army will go west (now southwest of Shaanxi Province) to complete the great cause of reunification. Guan Yu has been eyeing Xiang Hefan.

In the 24th year of Jian 'an (2 19), Liu Bei defeated Cao Bing in Hanzhong, and Cao Cao had to quit Hanzhong. So, with the support of officials, Liu Bei became the king of Hanzhong. Guan Yu was appointed as a former general and given a cymbal.

In June of that year, after Liu Bei won Hanzhong, he sent Meng Da and Liu Feng to capture Fangling and Shang Yong in the east of Hanzhong County, and his influence expanded. In July, Sun Quan wanted to attack and join forces. Most of Wei Jun mobilized Huainan to guard against Wu Jun, and Guan Yu, who was guarding Jingzhou, seized the fighter plane, leaving Nanjun (governing Jiangling, now Hubei) as the satrap, Mi Fang as the shoujiang, and Fu Shiren as the public security general (now northwest Hubei), leading the main force to attack Jingxiang in the north.

Xiangyang and Fancheng face each other across the Han River, forming an angle, which is a strategic place for Cao Jun to resist the southward migration. When General Wei Zhennan Cao Ren was stationed in Fancheng (now Xiangfan, Hubei), General Lu was stationed in Xiangyang. After he withdrew from Hanzhong to Chang 'an, he sent Huang Xu, the general of Pingkou, to support Coss and stationed in Wancheng (now Nanyang, Henan). After the Battle of Fancheng started, Cao Cao sent General Zuo Liangyu and General Pound Li Yi to assist in the defense and stayed in the north of Fancheng.

Yu Jin is not familiar with the climate and geography in the south. Coss asked him and Pound to station troops in the north of Fancheng, and the city echoed each other. He didn't consider the low terrain there, so he took all his seven troops there to station. In August, it rained cats and dogs, the Hanshui River soared, and the water depth of the flat land was tens of feet. The seventh army of Yu and Jin was flooded, so a few soldiers had to take refuge in Gao Fu. Guan Yu stormed by warship and was forced to surrender after abstinence. Pound led a group of people to continue their desperate battle, fighting from morning until noon, and then fighting hand to hand. Some soldiers died in battle and some surrendered. Guan Yu stepped up his attack, at the same time, the water level rose even more fiercely, the earth embankment was flooded, and Cao Cao's army all surrendered. Pound wanted to take a boat back to Coss Camp, but the water was too strong, the boat capsized, he was captured and died unyielding.

Guan Yu attacked Fancheng, and the army surrounded Xiangyang. There are only a few thousand defenders in Fancheng, and the city walls collapsed in many places because of flooding. Coss once considered giving up Fancheng, but was dissuaded by Man Chong, the satrap of Runa who assisted Coss. Man Chong thought, "Mountains and rivers are developing rapidly, I hope it won't last long. Yu Wen sent other generals to Tannan (now jia county, Henan Province), but the people disturbed them and dared not enter, fearing that our army would slap their ears. Escaped today, there will be no country south of the Red River. You just wait "(reflection Shu Wei Man Chong) Coss vowed to the death, inspiring soldiers Qi Xin to work together and fight bravely.

Despite the storm, he was unable to disembark for a while. At this time, Hu Xiu's secretariat Wei Jingzhou and Nanxiang (governing Nanxiang, now southeast of Xichuan, Henan Province) surrendered to Guan Yu and Lu Hun (now northeast of Songxian County, Henan Province), killed officials and began to respond to Guan Yu. Guan Yu's momentum was "a great shock to China" ("The Story of the Three Kingdoms Shu Shu Guan Yu Biography").

Cao Cao was threatened and once prepared to move the capital, but was dissuaded by Prime Minister Sima Yi, Cao Xun and Jiang Ji. They think: "The Forbidden City was lost because of water, not because of war. Moving the capital without being damaged by the national economy shows that the enemy is weak and disturbing. Sun Quan and Liu Bei are proud of their feathers, but they are unwilling. It can be said that the place was right. Later, Fan Wei explained it himself (The Book of Jin Xuandi Biography).

For the benefit of fishermen, Cao Cao adopted this strategy of using contradictions to destroy the alliance between Sun and Liu, and sent messengers to see Sun Quan. At the same time, Huang Xu was ordered to lead an army to rescue Coss. When Huang Xu entered Yanglingpi (north of Fancheng), Cao Caopai generals Xu Shang and Lv Jian ordered that they should not attack unless the subsequent reinforcements were assembled. At that time, Guan Yu was in front of Tunpu City (about five miles north of Fancheng), and Huang Xu pretended to build a long moat to cut off the rear road of the Shu army. Afraid of being besieged, the Shu army burned its camp and withdrew. Huang Xujun entered Yancheng and gradually approached the besieged Shu army.

At the beginning, Zhuge Liang said in "Longzhong Dui": "If there is a scenic spot across the river, it will protect its rock resistance, make progress in the west, help Yiyue in the south, bind Sun Quan outside, and repair politics inside. The world has changed, and the soldiers of Jingzhou will be sent to Wanluo early in the morning. General (Liu Bei) led many people from Yizhou out of Qinchuan, and the people didn't eat to meet the general (The Story of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Shu, Zhuge Liang Chuan)? It means that after Liu Bei has acquired the inheritance of Jing and Yi, he must form a solid alliance with Sun Quan before he can go north to pacify the Central Plains. It can be seen that the alliance between Sun and Liu is the basis for Liu Bei to establish the Central Plains in the north. However, due to the following reasons, there are obvious cracks in this alliance:

One is the ownership of Jingzhou. Jingzhou, located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, is strategically important to Sun, Liu and Cao. Cao Cao once wanted to occupy Jingzhou and unify the whole country, but Battle of Red Cliffs failed his dream. Sun's group has always regarded Jingzhou as a battlefield. Because Jingzhou is upstream, as long as it is in the hands of others, it is in a passive position. After the end of Battle of Red Cliffs, Cao had to lend Jingzhou to Liu Bei temporarily in order to continue to unite with him. However, after Liu Bei obtained Yizhou, he had no intention of returning Jingzhou.

Second, Guan Yu lacked a correct understanding of the Sun-Liu Alliance. He is self-reliant and brave, and has always been arrogant and disrespectful to Sun Shi Group. Lu Su saw him alone and begged for Jingzhou. Although he was in the wrong, he refused to solve the problem properly from the perspective of the joint efforts of the two families. Sun Quan sent messengers to propose to Guan Yu's daughter for his son. Guan Yu not only refused to agree to this marriage, but also scolded the messenger, and the relationship between the two sides became more and more rigid.

Third, among the officials in Soochow, Lu Su, who thought that Liu Bei Group should be reconciled and totally rejected Cao Cao, was dead, while other officials who replaced Lu Su thought that Guan Yu was brave and had the ambition to annex Wu, so they asked to send troops to deal with Guan Yu. He said: "Besides, the monarch and his subjects are proud of their cunning power, and they can't treat others with their hearts" (Biography of the Three Kingdoms Wu Shu Monroe).

Therefore, after receiving Cao Cao's letter, Sun Quan readily agreed. So he called Lv Meng back to Jianye to discuss the plan of taking Nanjun. Guan Yu also knew that the alliance between Sun and Liu was not consolidated. At this time, he should not only seize Fancheng, but also guard against Sun Quan's attack on Jingzhou. He saw Wu Dong general Lv Meng stationed in Lukou, and repeatedly told Elk Fang and Fu Shiren to guard Jingzhou carefully, leaving most of their troops in Nanjun, fortifying along the river, setting up watchtowers and building beacon towers in twenty or thirty miles. Knowing that Guan Yu was well-defended and impeccable, Lv Meng pretended to be seriously ill and wrote to Sun Quan asking him to go back and recuperate. Sun Quan publicly ordered Lu Meng to be sent back to Jianye for illness. Lv Meng recommended Lu Xun to replace himself. At that time, Lu Xun was young and promising, but unknown. He was appointed as the captain of Ding Wei. Sun Quan appointed him as a partial general and a right-wing governor to replace Lu Meng. After Lu Xun arrived, he sent messengers to send gifts and a letter to Guan Yu. The letter praised Guan Yu for driving the Seventh Army and winning the battle of Chengpu. Han Xin defeated Zhao, and encouraged Guan Yu to exert his strength and achieve a complete victory. Guan Yu saw that Lu Xun was a nobody and was so respectful and sincere to himself. He was bold and cautious, and transferred most of Jingzhou troops to Fancheng one after another. He planned to capture Fancheng before Huang Xu's troops arrived and the flood did not completely recede. He personally ordered the siege to be stepped up, but Coss still insisted. Lu Xun reported to Sun Quan in detail about Guan Yu's transfer of troops, and expounded his view that Guan Yu could be captured alive in World War I.

Guan Yu has more and more military forces in Xiangfan, and tens of thousands of new troops who are forbidden to surrender are short of food. Mi Fang and Fu Shiren, the satrap of Nanjun County, were blamed for not delivering enough food and grass. He was furious and said, "It's not too late to cure" (The Story of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Shu, Guan Yu Chuan), so he rebelled. Later, in order to solve the urgent need, Guan Yu seized the grain stored in Wudong Xiangguan without authorization. When Sun Quan learned that the time was ripe, he appointed Monroe as the viceroy and sent troops to attack Guan Yu's rear.

In that year 1 1 month, Lu Meng led his troops out of the front air-raid shelter and arrived in Xunyang (now northeast of Guangji, Hubei). He ambushed elite soldiers in disguised merchant ships, dressed soldiers in white, disguised as businessmen, called the people to paddle and paddle, traveled day and night, flew back to the river and attacked Jiangling. Everything is very hidden and mysterious. Shu soldiers stationed in Jiang Fang were deceived by Wu Jun in disguise and caught off guard. All captured, Jiangling city is empty and chaotic. First, let Yu Fan, the former riding captain, write a letter to lure Fu Shiren, the Shu general stationed in the public security (now Hubei Gongan North), and then let Fu Shiren lead Wu Jun to land and defend Mi Fang, the satrap of Jiangling Shunan County. Usually they are unhappy because Guan Yu is arrogant to them. This time, they heard that Guan Yu was coming back to punish them, but they were even more afraid. So in the case of Enemy at the Gates, Wu Dongjun, they offered to rush out of the city. So Lu Meng led the army into Jiangling and recovered Jingzhou, which Shu had occupied for a long time. After entering Jiangling, Monroe won the favor of Guan Yu and his generals. He gave them preferential treatment and comfort and ordered the army not to harass the people. He also cared about the people in the city, gave medicine to the sick, and gave food and clothing to the hungry and cold, which quickly restored the order in the city. Guan Yu was proud and despised the enemy, unaware of Monroe's attack.

Cao Cao's emissary returned to Luoyang with a tip-off from Sun Quan, saying that he would send troops to the west to crusade against Guan Yu, but please keep it a secret in case Guan Yu knew that he was prepared. Most of Cao Cao's subordinates think that Sun Quan should keep a secret. Dong Zhao, a counselor, disagreed and thought it should be kept secret and leaked. Guan Yu knew that Sun Quan was coming to attack. If he withdrew his troops to defend, the siege of Fancheng would be solved by himself. Guan Yu went back to the south to fight against Sun Quan, and the two enemies fought against each other, which just took advantage. It's not good for me to keep it a secret and let Sun Quan gain power. Moreover, the besieged soldiers have not been rescued for a long time, worried about lack of food, and people are in panic. Once an accident happens, the situation will be difficult to clean up. Therefore, it is better to leak. Cao Cao accepted Dong Zhao's suggestion and asked Huang Xu to shoot the contents of Sun Quan's secret letter into Fancheng and Guanyuying respectively. After the besieged Wei Jun received the letter, his morale doubled and his defense became stronger. After getting the letter, Guan Yu was afraid of being caught between Scylla and Charybdis, but he didn't want to give up all his previous efforts. At the same time, he judged that Jiangling and the public security Yugoslav capital were strong. If Wu Jun really attacked, it would be impossible to conquer for a while, so he was in a dilemma. At this point, Cao Cao has led the main force from Luoyang to Mobei (now southeast of jia county, Henan Province), and successively sent Yin Department, Zhu Gai and other 12 battalions to Yancheng, under the command. The main force of Guan Yu's army is around his head, one is four graves. Huang Xu used a diversion tactic, threatened to attack Weitou, but unexpectedly raided Sizhu. Guan Yu was afraid of losing the four tombs, so he led five thousand soldiers and was defeated by Huang Xu. When he retreated from the camp, Huang Xu led the army to chase him, and then rushed into the camp. At that time, Guan Yu's camp was surrounded by deep ditches and ten corners, and the obstacle facilities were extremely strict. It is difficult to storm from outside the camp. Today, taking advantage of his army's chaos, he raided from the inside, broke it in one fell swoop, and killed Shu Hu Xiu and Fu Fang. When Guan learned that Jiangling had been captured, he was shocked and left, and Fan Cheng breathed a sigh of relief. Coss department is eager to pursue the victory. Zhao Yan, who joined the army, thought that Guan Yu should keep some troops against Sun Quan and should not pursue them. Coss agreed with Zhao Yan and did not deploy pursuit. When Cao Cao learned the news of Guan Yu's retreat, he sent someone to convey the order not to pursue Guan Yu.

When Guan Yu withdrew his troops and returned, Sun Quan had already arrived in Jiangling and sent Lu Xun to capture Yiling (now Yichang, Hubei) and Zigui (now Zigui, Hubei), thus cutting off Guan Yu's retreat into Sichuan. On his way back to the army, Guan Yu sent people to Jiangling for information many times. Every time, Monroe waited on the emissary and let the emissary visit around the city. When the emissary returned to Guan Yu's army, the soldiers knew that their homes were safe and their fighting spirit was exhausted, and most of them gave up halfway. Guan Yu knew that he was lonely, so he sent someone to ask Liu Feng and Meng Da, the Shu generals stationed in Shang Yong, for help. The two men refused to support him on the grounds that Shang Yong was new here. Guan Yu was in a dilemma and was caught between Scylla and Charybdis, so he went west to Maicheng (now southeast of Dangyang, Hubei). At this time, Lu Xun moved westward and seized Yidu. Seeing that Maicheng was attacked on three sides, east, west and south, Guan Yu decided to break through and return to Xichuan.

Lv Meng knew Guan Yu and serenade, and expected that he would flee to the north via Maicheng, so he sent his troops in advance and buried him. In December, Sun Quan sent messengers to Maicheng to persuade Guan Yu to surrender. Guan Yu suggested that Wu Jun retreat ten miles and meet at the south gate. Lv Meng really retreated ten miles, waiting for Guan Yu to surrender. Guan Yu and his son Guan Ping took the opportunity to sneak out of the north gate and flee to the west. They were captured by Pan Zhang's general Ma Zhong and killed with his son Guan Xing. They died at the age of about 58. In the third year of Jing Yao (A.D. 260), Liu Chan, the late ruler of Shu, made Guan Yu "the Queen of Qianghe Temple" and his son Guan Xingshi.

Both Guan Yu and Zhang Fei are mentioned in The Reflection of the Three Kingdoms, Zhang Guan Macelo Wong Zhao Chuan: "Guan Yu and Zhang Fei are enemies of ten thousand people, and they are all tiger ministers in the world. Feathering Cao Gong, flying Yan Yan, has the wind of a national scholar. But the feather is just proud, flying violently without grace, and it is normal to defeat with short service. " He also said: "I am kind to the foot soldiers, arrogant to the scholar-officials, and fly to love the gentleman regardless of the villain." That's true.

In the 19th year of Jian 'an (2 14), Liu Bei took Ma Chao in the process of seizing Yizhou, and after taking charge of Yizhou animal husbandry, he worshipped Ma Chao as the general of Pingxi. Guan Yu wrote to Zhuge Liang, because Ma Chao was not an old friend. Hearing that Ma Chao was brave, he asked, "Who can compare with people with super powers?" Knowing what it meant, Zhuge Liang wrote back and said, "Meng Qi (Ma Chao's word Meng Qi) is a hero all his life. His disciples (Ying Bu) and Peng () are not as good as Yi De (Zhang Fei's word Yi De). Guan Yu has a good beard, so Zhuge Liang called him a beard. Guan Yu's letter, joy, show it to the guests.

In the twenty-fourth year of Jian 'an (2 19), in July, Huang Zhong array beheaded Xia, a famous soldier, and was promoted to general of the Western Expedition. In the same year, Liu Bei was promoted to King Hanzhong, and Guan Yu was appointed as a former general, Huang Zhong as a post-general, Zhang Fei as a right general and Ma Chao as a left general. Zhuge Liang said that Liu Bei said: "The reputation of loyalty and righteousness has nothing to do with Guan and Ma Zhilun, and it is listed together today. The horse and Zhang are close at hand, and seeing is believing, which is still a metaphor; Guan Yao will be unhappy when he hears this. Are you okay? " Liu Bei said, "I want to solve it myself" (biography of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Shu and Huang Zhong). He also sent Sima Fei's poems to Guan Yu from Yizhou front.

Guan Yu heard that Huang Zhong was tied with himself. He was furious and said, "People with courage are not listed with veterans after all?" Refuse to accept the appointment. Fei said to Guan Yu, "The matter of establishing a king is different. Yesterday, Xiao (act the role of), Cao (act the role of) and Gao-zu (act the role of Liu Bang) were young and strong and evenly matched, while Chen () and Han Xin (act the role of) were left behind. As far as their class is concerned, Han is the best, but Xiao and Cao don't think so. Today, I admire Hanson's temporary achievements, but what is the importance of my intentions? And the king and the prince are still one arm, sharing weal and woe. Don't count ranks, foolish old man, count titles. Humble servant, title for life, especially Hou don't worship, so it is also, if not cherish this move, I'm afraid I will regret it (reflection Shu Shu Fei Shi Zhuan)? Guan Yu was impressed by this seal and admired it very much.

Guan Yu's arrogance and weakness led to the Battle of Fancheng. From the beginning, the correct command was a great shock to China, and finally he was deceived and completely annihilated, which eventually led to the collapse of the Sun-Liu Alliance. The lesson was painful. At the beginning, Cao Cao often warned Xia: "When you are timid, you should not rely on courage. Will be brave-oriented and act with wisdom; But the one who knows, one is the enemy's ear "("The Reflection of the Three Kingdoms Shu Wei Xia Hou Yuan "), eventually people played with it, and Xia finally died heroically, as did Xia, Guan Yu and Xiang Yu.

Guan Yu also has an excellent personality.

Guan Yu kept his promise, kept his word, and was infinitely loyal to the interests of Liu Bei and his group. He shared weal and woe with Liu Bei for many years, kept his faith and never changed his mind. Even though Baima was captured and in Cao Ying, he still remembered his old love and finally returned to Liu Bei. His loyalty and integrity were the same for a while.

Guan Yu's bravery is extraordinary, which is the highest in the whole army. In later novels, he wrote that Hua Xiong, Lu Bu, Che Zhou, Yan Liang and Wen Chou rode thousands of miles alone, went to the meeting with one knife and drove the seven armies. Although some of them go against historical facts, they also highlight his military courage and charm. As for curettage, it is well known.

Guan Yu was shot by random arrows and hit the other left arm. Although my back hurts, my bones often hurt when it rains. The doctor said: "Sagittarius is poisonous, poisonous to the bones." Treat the broken arm as a wound, scrape the bone to remove poison, and then cut the ear. " Guan Yu stretched out his arm to let the doctor cut the wound. At that time, Guan Yu was entertaining the generals, saying that "the blood on the arm was off the plate, the feathers were cut and the wine was roasted, and the jokes were like cucumbers" ("Three Kingdoms Shu Shu Guan Yu").

When describing this passage in the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, it is even more wonderful: "The knife cuts the meat to the bone, and the bone is blue; Scraping bones with a knife, hearing voices, and everything seen on the account was covered with shame. Drinking and eating meat, laughing and playing chess, there is no pain. "

In order to consolidate its ruling position, the feudal ruling class of past dynasties regarded Guan Yu as the embodiment of loyalty and righteousness, and Guan Yu's status was getting higher and higher, from "being crowned king" to "being proclaimed emperor" and finally being honored as "warrior sage". During the period of Chen Sui, the Buddha took the lead in building a temple in Dangyang under the guise of Guan Yu. In the third year of Tang Jianzhong (782), Guan Yu was listed as one of the 64 famous generals in ancient and modern times, and was put into the Wu Temple to enjoy Jiang Taigong. After the Song Dynasty, Guan Yu was crowned as a "warrior sage". Guan Yu, who has been unknown for 800 years, was promoted by Song Huizong to three levels: first, he was named "Zhong Gong", then "Zhong Ning Zhenjun", and then he was named "King Zhaolie Wu 'an" and "King Wu Yong 'an". Yuan Wenzong named Guan Yu "the king of Miao Zhuang Yi Wu 'an, showing his spirit to help Britain", and Ming Shenzong named him "the Great Demon of the Three Realms is far away in Megatronus, Guan Sheng Di", and named Guan Yu Temple as "Wu Temple", which was juxtaposed with Confucian Temple and Confucius Temple. The Qing emperor flaunted Guan Yu as "the pole of the world" and called it "loyalty, loyalty, SHEN WOO's benevolence, courage and prestige, protecting the country and benefiting the people, sincerely appeasing, praising Xuande and Guan Sheng the Great" ("Qing"