Answer prompt: the enfeoffment system means sealing the country and founding the country. The King of Zhou enfeoffed areas outside Ji Wang, demanding that they establish vassal states, defend their territories and the royal family. The vassals undertook the obligation to pay tribute and tribute to the king of Zhou, and participated in expeditions, sacrifices, mourning and celebrations with the king of Zhou. Zhou Wang is the supreme ruler of the country and the co-owner of the vassal states. He calls himself the son of heaven, so he is also called the son of heaven. The vassal is the vassal of the king of Zhou and must obey the orders of the king of Zhou.
The patriarchal clan system evolved directly from the patriarchal clan system in primitive society, and its core content is the eldest son inheritance system. That is, the eldest son inherits his father's suzerain status and the illegitimate child is enfeoffed. The eldest son has a dual relationship with the enfeoffment son, which is a brotherly relationship in blood and a monarch-minister relationship in politics.
2. What role did the enfeoffment system and patriarchal clan system play in the Western Zhou Dynasty?
The answer points out that the feudal system and patriarchal clan system are both external and internal, which not only prevents disputes between nobles due to the inheritance of power, but also ensures the monopoly and privileged position of nobles in politics and maintains the stability and unity within the aristocratic ruling group. It not only strengthens the control ability of the central government, but also promotes the contact between localities.
3. How was the centralized autocratic monarchy established after Qin Shihuang unified the world? What is the essence of this political system?
Answer: Establishment: ① Adopt the title of "Emperor", establish an emperor system with exclusive title, supreme imperial power and hereditary throne, and imperial power will become the master and power center of feudal countries; (2) Carrying out the county system throughout the country to lay the foundation for centralization; (3) From three officials and nine officials in the central government to local county officials, a whole set of bureaucratic system has been established.
Essence: autocratic monarchy, that is, feudal autocracy.
4. What influence did the centralization established by Qin Shihuang have on the Qin Dynasty and later generations?
The answer hints: the influence on the Qin Dynasty: ① It was beneficial to the unification of the country and played an important role in the initial establishment of the territory of the motherland and the formation of the Chinese nation; (2) Conducive to the development of feudal economy; (3) The autocratic rule of the landlord class over the broad masses of working people was established, and the tyranny of Qin led to the deterioration of the people's situation. Influence on later generations: The centralized and autocratic political system established by the Qin Dynasty was very groundbreaking, which laid the basic pattern of China's feudal political system for more than 2,000 years, which was used by feudal dynasties in past dynasties and was constantly strengthened and improved.
5. How did the central and local political systems evolve from Han Dynasty to Yuan Dynasty?
Answer: the central political system: the emperor system; The formation of "China Korea" and "foreign Korea" in Han Dynasty: the gradual formation and continuous development of the three provinces and six departments system; In the Song Dynasty, the "Second House" and the Third Division weakened their mutual rights; The Yuan Dynasty strengthened the new development of imperial power, including Zhongshu Province, Privy Council and Yuan. Local political system: county-state parallel system; State-county two-level system; Establish observation areas, such as counties and roads; Measures to weaken the power of local festivals in Song Dynasty: the provincial system and its function in Yuan Dynasty.
6. After learning this lesson, what do you think are the characteristics of the political system from Han Dynasty to Yuan Dynasty?
Answer: China's political system experienced many changes from the Han Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty, with the development of autocratic centralization. In the central government, the relative power is weakening and the monarchical power is strengthening. In the relationship between the central government and local governments, the central government strictly controls local political power and does not allow an independent administrative system to exist. Local officials must obey their superiors, local governments obey the central government and finally obey the monarch. The central government implements multi-level and multi-channel management of local governments. Local grass-roots administrative organizations are stable for a long time, and personal control is strict. Local governments have no corresponding autonomy and rely entirely on the central government and the monarch, so it is difficult to implement effective governance.
7. Why did Ming Taizu abolish the Prime Minister and set up a cabinet?
Answer hint: the prime minister system hindered the high concentration of imperial power. Ming Taizu consolidated its rule. On the abolition of the prime minister system from Hu and the case. In order to reduce the heavy government burden of the emperor, a cabinet was set up to assist the emperor in handling government affairs.
8. Why is it that the establishment of the Ministry of War in the Qing Dynasty brought the absolute monarchy to its peak?
A: During the reign of Emperor Kangxi, the central organs were the Cabinet, the Parliamentary Assembly and the Southern Study Room, which restricted each other and inhibited the centralization of the emperor to some extent. Yong Zhengdi set up another military department, and the military affairs minister knelt down to take notes, and the absolute monarchy reached its peak.