/kloc-Before the 9th century, China was more than self-sufficient in cotton. By 1930s, the annual output of lint cotton was more than 500,000 tons, the highest was 1936, which reached 848,500 tons. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period (1937-1945), the production was destroyed and the cotton output dropped sharply. From 1946 to 1949, the annual output of lint cotton in China was only about 400,000 t, and from 1949, the cotton output and total output increased rapidly. According to Ma (1988) and Liu Yuxiang (1995), the development of cotton production in China can be divided into the following three stages since 1949: 1. A tortuous period of development.

(1949 ——1979) In the past 30 years, after the recovery in 1950, it was frustrated by the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution. Cotton production has experienced many ups and downs, forming a very unstable situation, but the general trend of cotton production is developing. 1949 The national cotton planting area was 2.77 million hm2, with a total output of 444,400 t and a yield of 165kg/hm2. The first development appeared in 1956, the cotton field area was 6,255,600 hm2, the total output was1968,800 t, and the output was 345.75kg/hm2, which were 2.25 times, 4.43 times and 2. 10 times respectively. The main reason for the increase is upland cotton. The cotton field area of 1960 decreased to 3,497,500 hm2, with a total output of 750,000 t and a yield of 202.5kg/hm2, which decreased by 44. 1%, 6 1. 1% and 4/kloc respectively compared with 1956. The second development 1973, the cotton field area is 50 13600 hm2, the total output is 256 19000 t, and the output per unit area is 537.5kg/hm2, which are respectively 1.43, 3.4 1, 2. At this time, the per capita lint in China was only 2.3 ~ 3.0 kg, far lower than that in the United States (8.5 kg), the Soviet Union (10 kg) and Egypt (12 kg).

2. Rapid development period

(1980— 1984) Based on 1979, the cotton field area has expanded by 53.44% in these five years; The total output was 4.248 million t, up by183.05%; The output was 760.5 kg/ha, an increase of 85.54%. It can be regarded as a miraculous development. The total output of 1982 is 3,598,500 t, which is the first time to realize the self-sufficiency of raw cotton, completely ending the long-term dependence on imports of raw cotton. 1983, the total output was 4.637 million tons, and the raw cotton was self-sufficient, making it the first exporter of raw cotton. 1984 The cotton field area was 6.293 million hm2, accounting for 20.24% of the total cotton field area in the world, ranking second in the world. The total output is 6.258 million t, the highest in China's history, accounting for 32.87% of the world's total output, ranking first in the world; The per capita lint quantity increased to 6. 1 kg. After 1983, the export volume of raw cotton increased steadily, and cotton and its cotton fabrics have become the main export commodities in China.

3. Stable development period

During this period (1985-2000), there were two sharp declines. The first decline was 1985- 1986. Due to the rapid development of cotton production in the first five years, the cotton field area decreased from 1985 to 5 140000 hm2, and the total output was 46544. The cotton field area of 1986 is 4.306 million hm2, and the total output is 3.54 million t, which is 6.23% lower than 1985 and 4.64% lower than1985 respectively. In the following years, the area and yield increased slightly, and the cotton field area increased to 6.54 million hm2 at 199 1. Although the area of cotton fields increased slightly in 1992 and 1993, the total output decreased to 4,508,000 t and 3,700,000 t, respectively, due to the unfavorable climate of Huaibei Plain and North China Plain in the Yellow River region. However, the total cotton output in 15 years averaged 4 130000 t, accounting for 22.3% of the world, slightly lower than the second stage; The output was 859kg/hm2, 9.8% higher than that in the second stage.

1951-cotton yield per unit area in China in 2000 (kg/hm2)

1951-total cotton output in China in 2000 (ten thousand tons)