Niè comes from three sources:
1, from the surname of Ji, taking the land as the surname. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the doctor of Wei took food from Fucheng and took the place name as his surname.
2. From Fan, a descendant of Mongolia. According to Tongzhi? "Shan Zuo's Genealogy and Poems" says: "I recognized it as my surname from Jinchang and Zhaojun. "The leader of the Ming dynasty Mongolian navarre department called Ye Xian. He attacked the Ming Dynasty in the 15th year of the Ming Dynasty, and made peace with the Zhu Ming Dynasty after his failure. Some of his descendants entered the Central Plains and settled in Shandong. In the Ming Dynasty, someone mistakenly wrote "Xian Ye" as "Xian Ye", and the descendants of Xian Ye merged with * * and changed their surname to Xian Ye. Therefore, "Poems of Mountain Left" contains: "Ye County in Shandong has also been set up one after another. "
3.* * * One of the surnames. Mainly distributed in the northwest. (See China Dictionary)
Zu: First. According to the ancient book Shan Zuo Shi Hua, "the study of Shandong has also changed". In other words, the three surnames of Shandong originated from the descendants of Ye Xian, the leader of the Mongolian Walla Department. It turned out that it also attacked the Central Plains in the Ming Dynasty, and later got along well because of the strength of the Ming Dynasty. Some ancestors moved to Shandong, gradually married the Han nationality and changed their surname to Mi. First, it was also translated into Ersen in ancient times. In the fourth year of the Ming Dynasty, he inherited his father's business and became the leader of the Mongolian Vara tribe. He annexed Mongolian ministries, attacked the east and the west, and annexed or controlled other nomadic tribes. He captured Ming Yingzong in the war with the Ming Dynasty in the fourteenth year of orthodoxy. After that, a peace agreement was reached with the Ming Dynasty and returned to Yingzong. The incident of capturing Yingzong first was called the "rebellion" because eunuch Wang Zhen held Yingzong hostage and led troops badly. He was defeated in the civil fort, Wang Zhen was killed, and Yingzong was captured. Therefore, the three surnames come first.
Second, migration distribution.
Which surnames are not among the top 100 in Chinese mainland and Taiwan Province provinces? In Song Dynasty, the "hundred surnames" were listed before the well-known surnames such as Guan, Yue and Gong, so it can be seen that Mi's surname was among the best in China. According to historical records, the surnames of Mi are Gu Qin and Long, that is, the surnames of ethnic minorities in northwest China. "Comrade? "Shan Zuo's Genealogy and Poems" says: "I found my surname from Jinchang and Zhaojun." "Schools in Shandong have also changed. "From this point of view, Yan's surname is Fan Shi, which is the surname of Tibetans today. Its birthplace is Jinchang and Zhaojun, which is the northwestern regions such as Shiquan and Gansu in Shanxi today. There is also a surname of Mao in Shandong, which was changed to Mao by the descendants of Wara leader in the Ming Dynasty. Three surnames are rare until now. Today's Guide surname is a native, because this area is the first zero Qiang activity area in Qin and Han Dynasties, which is the original ethnic origin of Tibetans. Therefore, in 1962 Guide East Zhu Ji's Fifth Edition Guide County Records (revised edition continued), it was said that (Guide) "The temple host and Yin Shenghua said that when Yin and others first arrived in Sri Lanka, one of them was a Qiang and Miao people, and there was no sword. At that time, Wang Yang was uninhabitable because of the flood, while Yina people lived in Shankar, Lang Mai, Dongshan. I don't know how many years later, the water gradually went down and became a mulberry field. Half moved to Hualong county, which belongs to autumn hybrid, and half moved to Guide. Before Ming Yuan built the city, he lived in Huangmiao Street and taught yamen. He lived in Hongwu for three years (actually seven years). Because of the city, half of them moved to Xiao Na Village in the northeast outside the city, and half moved to Xiaoxi Village in the west. Hongshan Temple (now the Great Buddha Temple) built by the stone does not hinder the construction of the city, so it will not be moved. "The explanation of the origin and development of the Guide family is clear, and it is indeed the descendant of Wuyi, the leader of the Qiang nationality, the distant ancestor of Tibet today. It is also said that the "Hongshan Temple" built by this clan was before the Ming Dynasty. It is recorded in Amdo's History of Politics and Education: "Guide City ... Munihai (transliteration of Yunahai) dharma temple, also known as the ninth floor temple of Munihai, has gathered many dharma gods. When the soldiers of Ye Gong (that is, Nian Gengyao in Qing Dynasty) arrived, the statue of the French king of Yamaraja also came. ..... "Amdo's History of Politics and Religion also records that the temple was built by the Living Buddha Luo (1675- 1753) in the practice place of the first Ochin Chileben. Kunata, which is now built near the temple along the Yellow River, has a very long history, so the History of Amdo's Political Education contains: "When Tubo Zan Chireba led troops to the north, he built a tower here with its hair as his hiding place, and the top of the tower was filled with glittering bronze sun and moon, named Kunata. "This record belongs to the historical fact that the Tubo king captured the eastern part of Qinghai in the Tang Dynasty. Therefore, Red Mountain Temple, Jade Girl Temple and You Na Temple. They are all named after the Yi people's Yina nationality, and they are also built by this nationality or managed by its people as living buddhas. Today, Yina Village and Yina's family are also one of the incense houses and managers of Yina Temple. At present, the only village named after Mao surname in Qinghai Province is You Na Natural Village under the jurisdiction of Chengdong Village Committee of Yin He Town, Guide County, and most of them are Mao surnames. There are many surnames in * * * villages under the jurisdiction of Chengxi Village Committee, and they are also scattered in Nina Village in Luohantang Township and Shangliutun Village in Hexi Township. His people are recognized as sinicized Tibetans in the world, and most of them can speak and learn Chinese, so their cultural quality is high. Among them, 6% or 70% are intellectuals, among whom Zu Zude was a cadre of the county people and a famous calligrapher in the county. The newly-built archway gate in front of the Confucian Temple was written with the words "Tengjiao Qi Feng" in gold. Now there are Yunahai tribes in Changmu Township, a pastoral area in the county, also known as Muya tribes.
Third, historical celebrities.
What benevolence and righteousness: celebrities in the Ming Dynasty.
Mo Zibin: Major General of the National Army of the Republic of China, Brigadier General of 9 1 Brigade of Division 365438. Participated in the Battle of Taierzhuang from March 23rd to April 8th, 1938. In order to lure the enemy deeper, on March 23rd, Liu Lanzhai, the company commander of 3 1 division, led the cavalry company to set off from Taierzhuang and search in the direction of Yixian. 9 1 Brigadier Qi Zibin led 183 regiment to follow up and join forces with the Japanese army in Kangzhuang, 20 miles south of Yixian County. The battle in Taierzhuang area officially started, and our cavalry retreated while fighting, luring the enemy deeper. On March 24, the Japanese army approached Taierzhuang and began to attack Taierzhuang area on a large scale. The Japanese army set up artillery positions in Liujiahu Village, Wuli, north of Taierzhuang, and arranged 10 cannons to bombard Taierzhuang. 9 1 Brigade 183 Regiment 3rd Battalion Commander Gao led the soldiers, each with a big knife and eight grenades, and rushed into the enemy artillery position, making the enemy unable to parry, abandoning their guns and fleeing. At that time, there was a story circulating on the battlefield in Taierzhuang: "Zhang Fei made a big scene in Liujiahu." During the Battle of Taierzhuang, after more than a month, our army killed 1 1984 Japanese soldiers, captured 7 19 Japanese soldiers, captured 3 1 guns, armored vehicles 165438 vehicles, 8 chariots, light and heavy machine guns and rifles.
Fourth, the county hall number
Wang Jun 1
According to "Hundreds of Surnames in Counties and Counties", three families look outside Jinchang County. It is also recorded in the Textual Research on Surnames that Jinchang and Zhaojun are noble families.
Jinchang County: Jinchang County from the Western Jin Dynasty to the Northern Zhou Dynasty is in the southeast of Anxi County, Gansu Province; Another Jinchang County (Southern Dynasties) is located in Shiquan County, Shaanxi Province.
Zhao County: In the fourth year of Emperor Wudi's reign (203 BC), Handan County in Qin Yuan was changed to Zhao State, and it ruled in Handan (now central Hebei). During the Jian 'an period of the Eastern Han Dynasty (A.D. 196-2 19), it was changed to Zhao County. It is equivalent to the area of Zhaoxian and Handan in central Hebei today.
2. Hall number
Taishitang: First, I'm Taishitang from the Wara Department of Mongolia.
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General couplets of ancestral halls with different surnames.
Four-character couplet of ancestral temple
Qin Long;
Ethnic origin Jinchang.
—— General Association of Ancestral Halls with Unknown Surname.
The first pair of couplets refers to the prosperity of the Mi family in Qinlong (now Shaanxi and Gansu provinces). The second couplet refers to the surname of Jinchang County.