In recent years, the Beijing headquarters economy has developed rapidly, attracting many regional headquarters of multinational corporations, R&D centers, large domestic enterprise groups and other headquarters to gather. The economic scale of headquarters ranks among the top in China, and three headquarters gathering areas, namely CBD, Financial Street and in haidian estate of zhongguancun science park, have initially formed in space. The headquarters economy has become an important force to promote Beijing's economic transformation.
I. General situation of economic development of Beijing headquarters
The headquarters resources in Beijing can be roughly divided into two categories, one is the international headquarters resources represented by the regional headquarters of multinational companies, and the other is the domestic headquarters resources represented by the headquarters of domestic enterprise groups, among which the domestic headquarters resources include the corporate headquarters that grew up in Beijing and the corporate headquarters that moved to Beijing from other cities.
1. Resources of international headquarters represented by regional headquarters of multinational corporations
At present, 35 regional headquarters of various multinational companies have settled in Beijing (see table 1- 1). Among them, by the end of 2005, there were 16 regional headquarters of multinational corporations recognized by the Ministry of Commerce and 29 regional headquarters of multinational corporations recognized by Beijing, both of which were recognized as 10. The number of investment companies with the function of regional headquarters of multinational corporations has reached 146, accounting for more than 50% of the total investment companies in China, ranking first in China.
Beijing attracts more and more multinational companies to set up R&D centers in Beijing with its advantages in talents, education and scientific and technological resources. According to the data of the first national economic census in Beijing, by the end of 2004, there were 65,438+089 R&D centers in Beijing. According to the latest statistics of the Bureau of Statistics, by the end of 2005, there were 239 foreign R&D centers in Beijing.
Table 1- 1 list of enterprises with regional headquarters of recognized transnational corporations in Beijing
Serial number Company name (country) Remarks Serial number Company name (country) Remarks
1 ABB (China) co., ltd (Switzerland) ★▲ 19 Baxter (China) investment co., ltd (USA) ▲
2 Ericsson (China) Co., Ltd. (Sweden) ★▲ 20 Nortel Networks (China) Co., Ltd. (Canada) ▲
3 Epson (China) Co., Ltd. (Japan) ★▲ 2 1 Tao Dong Machinery (China) Co., Ltd. (Japan) ▲
4 Motorola (China) Investment Co., Ltd. (USA) ★▲ 22 Toshiba (China) Co., Ltd. (Japan) ▲
5 Hitachi (China) Co., Ltd. (Japan) ★▲ 23 Deliman Co., Ltd. Beijing Liaison Office (France) ▲
6 Samsung (China) Investment Co., Ltd. (Korea) ★▲ 24 IBM (China) Co., Ltd. (USA) ▲
7 Panasonic (China) Investment Co., Ltd. (Japan) ★▲ 25 Caterpillar (China) Investment Co., Ltd. (USA) ▲
8 Sony (China) Co., Ltd. (Japan) ★▲ 26 Compaq (China) Investment Co., Ltd. (USA) ▲
9 Siemens (China) Co., Ltd. (Germany) ★▲ 27 Cummins (China) Investment Co., Ltd. (USA) ▲
10 itochu (China) group co., ltd (Japan) ★▲ 28 lucent technology (China) co., ltd (USA) ▲
1 1 Toyota Motor (China) Investment Co., Ltd. (Japan) ★ 29 LG Electronics (China) Investment Co., Ltd. (Korea) ▲
12 GlaxoSmithKline (China) Investment Co., Ltd. (UK) ★ 30 mannesmann (China) Co., Ltd. (Germany) ▲
13 canon (China) co., ltd (Japan) ★ 3 1 Nokia (China) investment co., ltd (Finland) ▲
14 Kraft Foods (China) Co., Ltd. (USA) ★ 32 Novozymes (China) Investment Co., Ltd. (Denmark) ▲
15 Omron (China) Co., Ltd. (Japan) ★ 33 Nestle (China) Co., Ltd. (Switzerland) ▲
16 Nissan (China) investment co., ltd (Japan) ★ 34 schneider electric (China) co., ltd (France) ▲
17 Alstom (China) Investment Co., Ltd. (France) ▲ 35 Zheng Da (China) Investment Co., Ltd. (Thailand) ▲
18 Areva (Beijing) Consulting Co., Ltd. (France) ▲ Note: ★ Approved by the Ministry of Commerce ▲ Approved by Beijing.
2. Domestic headquarters resources represented by the headquarters of domestic enterprise groups
According to the statistics of Beijing Municipal Bureau of Statistics, by the end of 2004, there were 266 large enterprise groups in Beijing, including 46 large enterprise groups directly under Beijing/KLOC-0. Among the municipal enterprise groups, there are 23 enterprises with total assets exceeding 10 billion yuan, and there are10 enterprises with operating income exceeding10 billion yuan. In 2004, the total assets of municipal enterprise groups reached 776.265 billion yuan, the main business income reached 387.763 billion yuan, and the total profit reached 654.38+08.57 billion yuan.
In 2004, the distribution of municipal enterprise groups in the three industries is shown in figure 1- 1. There are only 1 group whose main business is the primary industry, and the share is less than1%; There are 69 groups dominated by the secondary industry, accounting for 47.3% of the total; The number of groups whose main business is the tertiary industry is the largest, with 76, accounting for 52. 1%, and showing an upward trend year by year. It can be seen that the industrial structure of Beijing Enterprise Group is being gradually optimized.
Among the large enterprise groups in Beijing, there are not only central enterprises and municipal enterprises that have been in Beijing for a longer time, but also private enterprises, such as Lenovo, Founder and UFIDA. There are also foreign enterprise groups that moved to Beijing from other cities in China, such as Bluestar Group, Yuanda Air Conditioning, Jingwei Textile Machinery, Samsung Petrochemical and Jianlong Iron and Steel Group. The headquarters of these large domestic enterprise groups are gathered in Beijing, which promotes the development of Beijing's headquarters economy and gives Beijing a first-Mover advantage in the competition of domestic cities to develop headquarters economy.
Second, the economic spatial layout of Beijing headquarters
(a) Three headquarters clusters
CBD, Financial Street and Haidian District of Zhongguancun Science Park are the three headquarters gathering areas in Beijing. The gathering of corporate headquarters has begun to take shape, with obvious resource advantages. It has strong strength and competitiveness in the development of Beijing headquarters economy and will become the main force to promote the development of Beijing headquarters economy.
Business center CBDCBD relies on Chaoyang District's rich foreign-related resources and strong international atmosphere. CBD has attracted a large number of regional headquarters of multinational companies, and has initially formed a comprehensive corporate headquarters gathering area. As of May 2006, there are 3,897 legal entities in CBD area. Among them, there are more than 800 foreign-funded enterprises, 570 foreign representative offices in Beijing, more than 50 foreign banks, insurance companies and offices, and nearly 200 Chinese and foreign intermediary service agencies such as lawyers, accountants and investment consulting. Of the more than 160 fortune 500 enterprises that have come to Beijing, more than 130 have settled in CBD and surrounding areas. CBD has more than 20 regional headquarters of multinational corporations and 88 foreign-invested enterprises. CBD has become the most concentrated area of top 500 enterprises and multinational companies in Beijing and even the whole country. From the perspective of industrial structure, the number of financial, real estate, consulting and accounting services enterprises accounts for about 2/3 of all enterprises in CBD, forming an industrial pattern dominated by international finance and modern service industry.
Financial Street Financial Street is the area with the densest financial assets in China, and has initially formed the headquarters gathering area of financial enterprises. At present, there are 598 financial, telecommunications and various enterprises and regulatory agencies in the region, including the head office of the People's Bank of China and other financial regulatory agencies, the headquarters of state-owned commercial banks such as Bank of China, the headquarters of multinational financial institutions such as Bank of new york Beijing Representative Office, the headquarters of large insurance companies such as China Reinsurance Group, the headquarters of large enterprise groups such as China Telecom, and the corporate clearing centers such as China Securities Depository and Clearing Co., Ltd. In 2005, there were 8 enterprises in which China entered the world's top 500. Financial Street is the area with the densest financial assets in China. The total financial assets have accounted for about 60% of the total financial assets in China, controlling more than 90% of the credit funds and 65% of the premium funds in China.
In Haidian District, Zhongguancun Science Park, Haidian Park has extremely rich advantages in technology and talents, and has initially formed a high-tech industrial enterprise headquarters and an enterprise R&D headquarters gathering area with IT industry as the mainstay. By the end of 10 in 2005, Zhongguancun Science Park had attracted Fortune 500 companies to set up branches of 1 13, among which 42 R&D institutions, including a large number of Fortune 500 companies such as Microsoft, Intel, AMD, Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Procter & Gamble, all set up R&D centers in Haidian Park. In addition, Haidian Park also has a research and development center. D. established by large domestic enterprises; There are 69 D institutions, as well as a number of national key laboratories, national engineering research centers and national enterprise technology centers. From the industrial point of view, IT industry has become the leading industry of Haidian Park, with numerous enterprises and strong strength. These include Lenovo, Founder, Tongfang, Ziguang, UFIDA and other domestic private technology enterprises that have grown and developed in Zhongguancun. It also includes well-known domestic enterprises entering the park from other places, such as Datang Telecom and Harbor Network.
(2) Other headquarters gathering areas
Zhongguancun Science Park Electronic City Science Park. At present, there are more than 800 high-tech enterprises in the whole region, including 55 enterprises with annual output exceeding 100 million yuan, 40 foreign-funded enterprises/kloc-0, and 4 national electronic research institutes. In recent years, a number of world-renowned multinational companies such as Motorola, ABB, Johnson & Johnson, Siemens, Ericsson and Samsung have set up regional headquarters, R&D centers or production bases in Electronic City, including 30 Fortune 500 companies. In 2005, the total income of high-tech enterprises in Electronic City Science and Technology Park was 4 1 100 million yuan, of which electronic information and related industries accounted for more than 90%, earning 840 million US dollars from exports and paying taxes and fees of 6,543.809 billion yuan. Electronic City Science and Technology Park should continue to establish the electronic information industry based on the new generation of mobile communication as the development focus of the park, speed up the improvement of relevant supporting facilities, optimize the service environment, further attract the R&D headquarters of famous electronic information enterprises at home and abroad, form a gathering area of R&D electronic information enterprise headquarters, and become the R&D base of the communication industry in Asia and even the world.
Yizhuang new town headquarters gathering area. Yizhuang New Town is an important node in the eastern development zone and one of the key new towns in Beijing. Among them, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone is the largest mobile communication industry base in China and the largest electronic information industry base in Beijing. By the end of 2004, there were 105 1 enterprises in Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone, and more than 80 famous multinational companies, such as GE, Corning, SMC, Panasonic, etc., had settled in the development zone, including more than 40 Fortune 500 enterprises. At present, the electronic information, biomedicine, equipment manufacturing, automobile and other industries in the development zone have initially formed a cluster development pattern with a solid industrial base. Some enterprises have set up R&D centers and operation centers in the development zone based on its industrial base.
Shunyi airport economic zone. Shunyi Airport Economic Zone includes Airport Industrial Zone, He Lin Industrial Development Zone, Airport Logistics Base and the planned "Guomen Business Zone". At present, there are 64 international multinational companies. Among them, the Airport Industrial Zone has settled in the four aviation headquarters of Air China Cargo, Air China (Passenger Transport), China Aviation Oil and China Aviation Materials, as well as a number of domestic and foreign enterprise headquarters such as Huaxia Fund Management Co., Ltd. and Huajie International Transportation Agency Co., Ltd.; The airport logistics base attracted 29 enterprises, including Capital Airport Group Corporation, TNT International Express, Sumitomo, Sinotrans, Japan Railway, ZJS, etc. 129, with a total investment of 153 million yuan and a tax revenue of 275 million yuan in 2004.
Fengtai Park, Zhongguancun Science Park. At present, the park takes the headquarters base as the main carrier and strives to build a new science and technology headquarters area. By the end of 2004, there were 264 headquarters-based enterprises such as China Railway Engineering Corporation, Jianlong Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. and Zhongmu Co., Ltd. in the area, and their business fields involved high-tech industries such as biomedicine, new materials and electronic information. In 2004, the headquarters-based enterprises in Fengtai Park realized a cumulative operating income of 3.69 billion yuan, paid taxes and fees of 950 million yuan, and employed 45,000 people at the end of the year.
East Second Ring Road Traffic Business District. The characteristics of regional headquarters economic agglomeration are gradually emerging. At present, many large state-owned enterprise groups such as CNOOC, Sinopec, CYTS, PICC, China Telecom and Beijing Mobile have gathered. These enterprises will bring great and lasting vitality to the East Second Ring Traffic Business District, which will become a gathering place for the headquarters of large enterprises in the next few years.
Third, the headquarters economy has an important impact on Beijing's economic transformation.
The headquarters economy has played an important role in upgrading Beijing's industrial structure and urban functions, and has become an important part of the capital economy and an important force to promote Beijing's economic transformation. The important influence of headquarters economy on Beijing's economic transformation is mainly reflected in the following three aspects:
First, the gathering of corporate headquarters has promoted the growth of economic aggregate and the improvement of economic benefits. Because the corporate headquarters has the characteristics of small area and large output, the density of enterprises in the headquarters gathering area is generally high. The number of enterprises per square kilometer in CBD and Financial Street reaches 600-800, and the GDP and tax revenue generated by the headquarters gathering area per unit area are much higher than those in other areas. Therefore, attracting corporate headquarters to gather and develop headquarters economy has avoided the disadvantage of Beijing's shortage of conventional resources such as land and water, effectively improved economic benefits and enhanced Beijing's economic strength. For example, from the average level of Beijing, in 2005, the GDP of Beijing plain area was about 654.38+0066400 yuan per square kilometer, and the tax revenue was about 654.38+0365.438+065.438+000 million yuan. The financial street covers an area of only 1 km2. In 2005, the third-level tax revenue was 32 billion yuan, accounting for 44% of the tax revenue in Xicheng District. The added value of the financial industry was 24.48 billion yuan, accounting for 32.9% of the regional GDP. The central business district covers less than 4 square kilometers. From June to June, 2006, the local tax revenue of storage area in CBD area was 210.7 billion yuan, up 20% year-on-year, accounting for 20% of the local tax revenue in Chaoyang District.
Second, the gathering of headquarters has promoted the development of high-end knowledge-based service industry, formed a new economic growth point after the relocation of urban manufacturing industry, and promoted the optimization and upgrading of Beijing's industrial structure. The gathering of enterprise headquarters can promote the rapid rise of a large number of modern service enterprises such as finance, insurance, accounting, law, consulting, exhibition, information, etc., make the modern service industry in the region develop rapidly, and greatly increase the proportion of the tertiary industry, especially the high-end knowledge-based service industry in the national economy, thus promoting the optimization and upgrading of the regional industrial structure. Therefore, the gathering of corporate headquarters in CBD, Financial Street, Haidian Park and other areas has not only fully released the advantages of intensive science and technology, information and human resources in urban areas, but also avoided the decline of urban areas caused by the massive relocation of industrial enterprises and the hollowing out of manufacturing industries, so that the central urban area of Beijing has successfully achieved industrial replacement and substitution on the premise of maintaining the coordination and unity of economic development and urban functions. At present, the tertiary industry, especially high-end knowledge-based services such as finance and insurance, has become the leading industry in the main headquarters gathering area in Beijing. For example, 559 of the 598 enterprises in Financial Street are engaged in the tertiary industry, accounting for 95% of the total number of regional units, and the operating income and total profits and taxes of the tertiary industry account for more than 99% of the total number of regional units; In CBD area, the number of financial, real estate, consulting and accounting service enterprises accounts for about 2/3 of all enterprises in CBD, and modern service industry has become the leading industry in CBD.
Third, the gathering of R&D headquarters at home and abroad has enhanced Beijing's innovation ability and provided a strong impetus for Beijing's economic transformation. Intensive scientific and technological resources and good innovation environment are important advantages for Beijing to attract R&D headquarters of domestic and foreign enterprises. By the end of 2005, a total of 239 multinational companies had set up R&D centers in Beijing. At the same time, the presence of a large number of R&D institutions of domestic and foreign enterprises, especially R&D centers of multinational companies, has further promoted the gathering of senior talents in Beijing, expanded the scale of R&D investment in Beijing, and promoted Beijing's scientific and technological innovation. According to the survey of 76 R&D institutions by the Metrology Department of Beijing Scientific Research Center, there are 76 R&D institutions. D personnel 13378, with an annual R&D expenditure of 2.3 billion yuan, and an annual R&D expenditure per capita of170,000 yuan. In addition to the R&D capital investment and talent gathering functions of R&D centers of multinational corporations, various R&D institutions also have competitive, demonstration and imitation effects on local enterprises in Beijing, which have promoted the independent innovation activities of local enterprises, created a good innovation atmosphere, and made Beijing a scientific and technological innovation center with the strongest independent innovation capability in China, which has effectively promoted Beijing's economic transformation.