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The content of historical manuscripts: the battle of Yiling
The battle of Yiling, also known as the battle of Yiling and the battle of Xiaoting. It broke out in A.D. 222, which was a war between Wu (Sun Quan) and Liu Bei (Liu Bei) in the Three Kingdoms period for the eight counties in Jingzhou, a strategic place. It is also a famous successful example of active defense in the history of ancient wars in China. After Battle of Red Cliffs in 208 A.D., Jingzhou, the strategic place governing the eight counties in the north and south of the Yangtze River, was divided up by Cao Cao, Liu Bei and Sun Quan. Cao Cao occupied Nanyang and northern Jiangxia, Sun Quan occupied Nanjun and southern Jiangxia, and Liu Bei captured Changsha, Wuling, Lingling and Guiyang. In 2 10 AD, at the request of Liu Bei and the persuasion of Lu Su, Sun Quan lent Liu Bei a strategic place on the north bank of the Yangtze River. In this way, Liu Bei actually basically controlled Jingzhou. Soon, Liu Bei captured Yizhou and Hanzhong successively, and the situation of Wei, Wu and Shu in history was thus formed. Hanzhong and Jingzhou are two strategic bases of Shu Han. Starting from Hanzhong, you can go north to Tongguan and attack Luoyang. From Jingzhou to the north, you can attack Xuchang through Xiangyang, and from the east, you can go straight to the hinterland of Wu, making it in a favorable position of both offensive and defensive.
Wu Dong's political power in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is deeply disturbed by the rapid development of Liu Bei's power. Just because fighting Cao Shang together was the common strategic goal of both sides at that time, this contradiction has not intensified for the time being. By AD 2 1 1, Sun Quan occupied Jiaozhou (now Guangdong and Guangxi), and his influence further expanded. At that time, Cao Cao was busy annexing the forces of Ma Chao and Han Sui in Guanzhong, stabilizing the rear, and had no time to look south. Sun Quan took this opportunity to ask Liu Bei to return Jingzhou, and Liu Bei refused to return it on the pretext that "Liangzhou is needed and Jingzhou is the phase". The contradiction between the two countries has become increasingly acute, and once they met each other. In the end, although an agreement was reached to divide Jingzhou equally: with Xiangshui as the boundary, Sun Quan occupied Jiangxia, Changsha and Guiyang, and Liu Bei occupied Nanjun, Wuling and Lingling, but the contradiction between the two countries was not really eliminated.
In AD 2 19, Sun Quan led the army to attack Xiangyang and Fancheng in the north with Guan Yu, commander-in-chief of Jingzhou in Shu. When he fought fiercely with Cao Wei's army, causing emptiness in the rear, he sent general Lv Meng to cross the Baidu River, which was the rear base that Guan Yu attacked and occupied. Guan Yu hurried to lead the army to rescue him after hearing the news, and he was defeated and died. Sun Quan then occupied the whole Jingzhou. In this way, the contradiction between Sun and Liu intensified in an all-round way, which eventually led to the battle of Yiling. In 22 1 year, Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor in Chengdu, with the title of Han, known in history, and the title of Zhangwu. In July, Liu Bei decided to attack Wu on a large scale in an attempt to avenge Guan Yu and recapture Jingzhou. Liu Bei's vanguard troops went upstream along the Yangtze River and defeated Wu Jun in Wuxian. The morale of the Shu army was greatly boosted and Zigui was defeated in one breath. This powerful force shocked Wu Dong and the Yangtze River.
Sun Quan wanted to make peace with Liu Bei, but the other party refused, so he had to bite the bullet and fight. When Lu Xun, Sun Quan's capital, was young, he was stationed in Yiling at the mouth of Xiling Gorge of the Yangtze River, which was the only place where Liu Bei marched. Sun Quan appointed him viceroy. Give him 50,000 troops and let him resist Liu Bei's army here anyway. Lu Xun knew that if Wu Jun fought alone, he would suffer, because Liu Bei had an advantage in terms of terrain, strength and morale, so he had to find a way and never make a move.
After Liu Bei's army arrived in Zigui, it began to attack Yiling. He sealed off the banks of the Yangtze River tightly, and no bird was spared. In the face of Liu Bei's attack, Lu Xun kept retreating, unexpectedly letting the Shu army March in, and suddenly entered the territory of Wu for more than 500 miles. Along the way, Liu Bei set up dozens of camps and surrounded Sun Heng, nephew of Wu Jun general Sun Quan, in a city near the Yangtze River. Lu Xun's men asked to send troops to save Sun Heng. Lu Xun shook his head: "We can't go! If we spread our forces too widely, we can't beat Liu Bei. In addition, Yi Dao, Sun Henggu, is a strong city with sufficient food. It is not a problem to persist for a few days. " A general surnamed Wang suddenly pointed at Lu Xun and scolded him: "You coward, if you dare not fight, you dare not fight, and you still make excuses to bluff!" " Lu Xun smiled and ignored him.
Some of Lu Xun's generals are battle-hardened veterans, some are imperial clan or relatives of Sun Quan, and no one puts Lu Xun in his twenties. They openly spread gossip in the camp, saying that Lu Xun wanted to take this opportunity to save his strength and compete with Sun Quan. Encouraged by them, dozens of famous soldiers rushed into Lu Xun's tent and asked Lu Xun angrily. Is it possible? Lu Xun "wow" pulled out his sword and threw it on the ground. He said loudly, "If it really happens, you can cut my head off with this sword!" Looking at the sword poked on the ground, the soldiers fell silent.
Lu Xun went on to say: "At present, the enemy puts state affairs first. Whoever dares to violate the military law, don't blame this sword for its ruthlessness! " General wang xing stepped forward and asked Lu Xun, "General, did you hear that?" Lu Xun winked at him and asked him what he heard. General Wang said, "Liu Bei is scolding you!" Lu Xun smiled coldly. Why didn't you hear it? Since yesterday, Liu Bei sent people to abuse and provoke before the war, but Lu Xun went in one ear and out the other, ignoring it at all. General Wang went on to say, "Liu Bei insulted you like this, and even we felt ashamed!" " "Lu Xun waved a finger:" It's more than abuse. Go and see again. " He led everyone out of the account and pointed to the rows of camps that had just been set up in front of the front line: "Are they challenging us by sticking the camps under our noses? Just now, Liu Bei led 8000 soldiers to ambush in the valley in the east, just waiting for us to take the bait! Now when their morale is high, if I am lured out by them, I will definitely be beaten out of the water. No matter what you say, I will wait for the fighter plane, and I will never be fooled! "A primary school squatted on the ground angrily:" I really can't stand them insulting us like this! " "I can't stand blocking my ears with cotton!" In a word, everyone laughed. Lu Xun went on to say, "Don't laugh. Come back tomorrow and see if what I said is true or not. "
The content of handwritten newspaper about history; The battle of Yiling; Lu Xun attacked Liu Bei with fire.
Sure enough, as Lu Xun expected, Liu Bei couldn't see abuse and provocation in the position, so he transferred all the troops hidden in the valley and attacked Lu Xun head-on. Lu Xun called the officers and generals to the front and said, "Look! I won't let you fight the Shu army because I expected that they were plotting; Now the truth comes out. It is correct for us to sit still and not be tempted. " All generals, look at me. I looked at you and said nothing. General Wang snorted in his nose and turned away without saying a word.
The weather is getting hotter and hotter, and the heat on both sides of the river is pressing. Liu Bei's soldiers were complaining bitterly, and their fighting spirit began to collapse. No choice, Liu Bei had to move the team in the valley to the hillside, move the team on the river to the land, and set up more than 40 camps by the stream. They are going to rest for a while, and then attack Yiling after autumn. At this time, Lu Xun suddenly gave an order: prepare to storm Liu Bei's army. The generals were surprised, and General Wang stood up against Liu Bei and said, "The attack on Liu Bei should be carried out before the Shu army gained a foothold. Now, after seven or eight months of confrontation, the Shu army has built strong fortifications. Now, can it win the attack? " Lu Xun did not answer him directly, called the generals to the middle account, analyzed the enemy's situation, and said: "When Liu Bei's army began to assemble, all aspects were considered and morale was high. At that time, if we fought head-on, we would never take advantage; Now that their weaknesses have been exposed and the fighting spirit of the soldiers has been exhausted, it is a good time for us to fight back! " The soldiers suddenly realized.
On the same day, Lu Xun sent a small army to make a tentative attack. Although this small unit was defeated, it found out the situation of the Shu army. A soldier suggested that the Shu military camp should be connected to the battalion. If it is attacked by fire, it will win. Hearing this, Lu Xun cheered again and again, and immediately found several generals. After repeated discussions, he decided to adopt the method of fire attack.
On the night of June, there is a strong east wind blowing on the river. While Liu Bei was unprepared, Lu Xun sent troops to fire rockets and went deep into the camp of Shu army. Suddenly, more than forty connected camps were burned together, and the fire reflected half the sky and lit up the river. Lu Xun ordered the whole army to attack. They took advantage of the fire to rob and rampage in the enemy camp, killing the Shu army to flight.
In the melee, Liu Bei fled hastily and fled to Maanshan in the northwest of Yichang; Lu Xun followed closely, commanding troops to kill from all directions. Liu Bei saw something bad and fled. Fortunately, the people in the post station piled the shirts discarded by the Shu army on the mountain road where Liu Bei escaped and lit a fire, so that the raging fire blocked Lu Xun who was chasing behind. Liu Bei is out of danger. He fled to Baidicheng in one breath and was too tired to get up again. After that, he couldn't afford to get sick any more. He read a sentence all day: "I lived for most of my life, but I didn't expect to be defeated by Lu Xun, a young boy ..." Soon, Liu Bei died.
Liu Bei suffered numerous defeats in his life, but few were wiped out by the whole army. However, the battle of Yiling was completely defeated for only one reason, underestimating the enemy. If he didn't despise Lu Xun, he wouldn't have used a very risky company plan, wouldn't have insisted on fighting when Lu Xun attacked his fatal shortcomings, wouldn't have tried to turn defeat into victory, and finally lost his reputation. Soochow held Jingzhou, while Shu Han was badly hit and weakened. The strength of the two countries was affected, which laid the foundation for the two sides to eliminate contradictions and jointly resist Wei.