2. What is the Romance of the Three Kingdoms? Hello.
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms by Luo Guanzhong, a novelist in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, is the first historical romance novel in China. It describes the historical situation from the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the early years of the Western Jin Dynasty 100 years. The book reflects the political and military struggles and the transformation of various social contradictions during the Three Kingdoms period, summarizes the historical changes of this era, and shapes a group of heroes.
The material of Romance of the Three Kingdoms mainly comes from two ways: one is the historical documents about the history of the Three Kingdoms; The second is the story of the Three Kingdoms and folk creation that are constantly circulating among the people. On the one hand, it is the historian's narration and evaluation of the history of the Three Kingdoms accumulated and deepened for thousands of years, on the other hand, it is the continuous evolution and enrichment of folk legends of the Three Kingdoms, which provides rich materials for the creation of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
At the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, social contradictions were sharp, and peasant uprisings broke out one after another. After years of war, Zhu Yuanzhang wiped out heroes, overthrew the Yuan Dynasty and established the Ming Dynasty. During the period of people's displacement, Luo Guanzhong, as a writer of zaju and storytelling, lived at the bottom of society, understood and was familiar with people's sufferings, expected social stability and people's living and working in peace and contentment, and thought as a bottom-level intellectual, hoping to end the tragic situation caused by unrest. This made the history of the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty and created the historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
Happy new year, adopted with satisfaction.
3. What are the four unsolved mysteries in the history of the Three Kingdoms? First of all, it is difficult to distinguish loyalty from betrayal. As a pioneer of Dongwu, in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Sun Jian was loyal and devoted to serving the country when the eighteen-route princes conquered Dong Zhuo.
After the allied forces captured Luoyang, Sun Jian regretted the incompleteness of Luoyang and the decline of his home country, sobbing; However, just after Sun Jian accidentally invented the imperial seal, Sun Jian immediately became an ordinary person, and the treacherous court official's abstraction with red blood and pure heart no longer existed. Is this Sun Jian's unfaithfulness for a long time, or did he try to be king independently after seeing the decline of the Han Dynasty? Liu Bei, as the founder of West Shu, said in Romance of the Three Kingdoms that he would help Han orthodoxy. But I didn't spend much time practicing, but I sat on the throne of the son of heaven.
So, does Liu Bei want to be independent with all his heart, or does he really help Han as he says? As the pioneer of Cao Wei, Cao Cao constantly played the traitor's abstraction in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Cao Cao's assassination of Dong Zhuo for Hanshan River in his later years can be said to be loyal: however, after conquering Dong Zhuo, he relied on the emperor to let the traitors do it; However, in the last stage of Cao Cao's life, he not only refused to claim the title of emperor, but also asked him to carve his tombstone behind him: General Dahan's Western Expedition-this was Cao Cao's original ambition.
So is Cao Cao a traitor or a traitor? Second, the mystery of Ma Chao's disappearance As one of the five generals in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Ma Chao was invincible before surrendering to Western Shu. However, Ma Chao became even more obscure after surrendering to Xishu. What caused Ma Chao to gradually join the history book stage just by playing soy sauce in the battle for Hanzhong? He who sees through the world of mortals or Gao Zhen's master, this trouble is still controversial! Third: Hulao Pass fought against Lu Bu in the first three British wars. How strong was Liu Bei, and Zhang Fei fought Lu Bu alone. After more than 50 rounds, there are still wins and losses; Later, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei attacked Lu Bu together. As a result, the two sides played more than 30 rounds, and they were still tied. At this time, Liu Bei Cao finally repelled Lu Bu.
This makes us wonder whether Liu Bei is really superior in combat power or the first straw to crush a camel. According to the truth, if Liu Bei dares to attack such a superb military commander as Lu Bu, he will be able to get away with it. Of course, this is related to the reason why the Zhang couple helped each other, but it can also illustrate that their fighting power is not weak. However, when Liu Bei faced Zhang Ren alone, he obviously couldn't beat him, and finally he was defeated in the mountain lane! And Zhang Ren's combat power is not as good as Zhang Fei's, but it is better than second-rate military commanders such as Li Dian and Ma Dai. Therefore, according to common sense, Liu Bei's fighting capacity is at most a second-rate military commander.
Fourth: The Mystery of the Story of Diesim's Fall In Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the story of Diesim, as a strange girl who died for her country, is consistent with Lu Bu behind the story of Diesim's fall? Some said that she was beheaded by Master Guan, some said that she was pocketed by Cao Cao, some said that she committed suicide behind Lu Bu, and some said that she fell in the White Gate Building of Lu Bu after her death, and then she lived openly. In a word, the decline of Deusim's story is still an unsolved mystery.
4. What's the difference between real historical figures of the Three Kingdoms and Romance of the Three Kingdoms? Actually, the answer is simple. One is the official history, and the other is the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms by Chen Shou and Luo Guanzhong. There are many differences, but the romantic version is a novel after all, and there are many personal modifications. Everyone should know that The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is the true story of China's Three Kingdoms Period, but Chen Shou's.
There is no record of Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei becoming sworn brothers in the history of the Three Kingdoms. Lyu3 bu4-Gongsun Zan didn't attend Dong Meng, so Liu, Guan and Zhang didn't attend, so there would be no Lyu3 bu4 in Hulao Pass's Three British Wars. About Guan Yu's heroic deeds: warm wine killed Hua Xiong-this was done by Sun Jian, a tiger in Jiangdong; Xuzhou crossed Che Zhou-this is what Liu Bei did; Chop Yan Liang, Wen Chou-chop Yan Liang, Wen Chou is Cao Cao. After five passes and six generals, Guan Yu left Cao Cao and went directly from Xuchang south to Runan to Liu Bei. There is no such thing as going through five customs and cutting six generals; The ancient city of Cai Yang-this is also done by Liu Bei; Huarong Road released Cao Cao-Liu Bei stopped Cao Cao in Huarong Road, but he was late, so Cao Ran took him away.
In Changsha-Liu Beizheng Jingnan four counties, four county governors surrendered, and Huang Zhong surrendered with Changsha satrap Han Xuan. Guan Yu didn't fight Huang Zhong. Going to the meeting alone-it's simply putting the cart before the horse. In fact, it was Lu Su who met Guan Yu with a single knife, and "single knife" was the sword of the sergeant; Flooding the seventh army-this is a natural and man-made disaster, not a man-made plan; Scraping bones and healing-at this time, Hua Tuo had died for two years, so it was not Hua Tuo who did it, but it seemed to be ordinary military doctors; Maicheng refused to surrender-Sun Quan persuaded him to surrender, Guan Yu pretended to surrender, planted a flag at the head of the city, retreated from another door, and was stopped by Monroe halfway.
As for Monroe and Yuquan, etc. It goes without saying that they are false and engage in feudal superstition.
Not much to say. Looking at Guan Yu's feat in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, it is a historical fact that Yan Liang was beheaded, and the others are all body double or fiction.
Zhuge Liang used soldiers as gods-Zhuge Liang in history was good at internal affairs management, but using soldiers was not his strong point, which can be illustrated by the following facts; Burning Bowangpo-this was done by Liu Beigan. It happened in the seventh year of Jian 'an, and in the twelfth year of Jian 'an, Zhuge Liang came out of the mountain. The straw boat borrowed an arrow-this was done by Sun Jian and Sun Quan's father and son, respectively, in the battle of crossing the river to attack Liu Biao and Su Xu; Borrowing the east wind-the solstice in winter, with more southeast winds, is a natural disaster of Cao Cao, not man-made; Battle of Red Cliffs-Only Sun Quan is a historical fact, and others, such as the war of words with Confucianism, Zhou Yu, the gathering of heroes, and the series of tricks, are all fictitious. During the two years from the end of Battle of Red Cliffs to Zhou Yu's death, Zhuge Liang was engaged in logistics work in Lingling area and had never seen Zhou Yu.
As for the death of Zhou Yu, it was Pang Tong, not Zhuge Liang, who expressed condolences on behalf of Shu. Hanzhong-Liu Bei was the commander-in-chief of the front line when he was in Hanzhong, and Zhuge Liang stayed in Chengdu to do logistics work; Seven capture Meng Huo-there is indeed a matter of Zhuge Liang's expedition to the south in history, and there is indeed a man named Meng Huo. However, it is not recorded in Meng Huo's History of the Three Kingdoms.
After Meng Huo, he served as a civilian, not a military commander. Six out of Qishan-Zhuge Liang only cut Wei five times, only to Qishan for the first time and the fourth time; Empty city plan-Zhuge Liang was stationed in Ankang County, Shaanxi Province at that time, and Sima Yi is now in Nanyang, Henan Province. So far, what about the empty city plan? "After the model"-is the work of future generations, not Zhuge Liang; Cattle herding Liu Ma-Actually, cattle herding is a unicycle, and Liu Ma is a common four-wheeled vehicle today. The wooden ox is a four-wheeled vehicle, and the flowing horse is a pointed boat. The death of Zhuge scared away the living Zhong Da-it did happen, but it was not Zhuge Liang's legacy, but Sima Yi's guilty conscience; Looking at Zhuge Liang's deeds in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, it is a historical fact that he only went to the cottage three times, and the others were all body double or fiction.
But we can't deny Zhuge Liang's great achievements because of this. Zhuge Liang is the greatest statesman and strategist in the history of China. Whip Du You-this is Liu Beigan, not Zhang Fei; Zhang Fei-Zhang Fei is a noble family. He is not only good at painting and calligraphy, but also likes to make friends with the scribes. He is also a handsome man with both civil and military skills.
Xu Shu entered Cao Cao's camp-Cao Cao went south, Liu Bei, Zhuge Liang and Xu Shu fled south, and Xu Mu was captured in the disorderly army, so Xu Shu bid farewell to Liu Bei and entered Cao Cao's camp. It can be seen that there is no such thing as Cao Cao forging and Xu Shu recommending Zhuge.
Zhang Song presented a map-Liu Bei entered Shu, wooed Fa Zheng and Zhang Song, and asked about the military forces, grain and money in Shu, so Zhang Song drew a topographic map of West Shu. Not the map before Feng Chu died. About Marten-Marten and Dong Zhuo are both on the same team. Not only did they not participate in Dong Meng, but they also helped Dong Zhuo defend Chang 'an.
As for Marten's death, Marten did not kill Cao Cao and avenge Ma Chao, but Ma Chao rebelled against Cao Cao, so Marten was killed. It can be seen that Cao Zhi is Luo Guanzhong's opinion to describe Cao's treacherous people.
There are some characters, which are also very inappropriate. Guan Ping, Guan Yu's son, is Guan Yu's own eldest son. Guan Xing was a civil servant and died when he was young. Guan Suo is a fictional character; Guan Yu also had a daughter, said to be Silverscreen, who married Li Hui's son. By the way, Zhang Bao died as an adult; Red hare and Zhou Cang-Red hare was indeed ridden by Lu Bu, but after Lu Bu's defeat, he disappeared; There is also a story that most people who ride red hare horses can't ride and have been fired. Only two heroes, Lu Bu and Guan Yu, can use it. Why can Hou Cheng, a subordinate of Lu Bu, ride it after betraying Lu Bu? Isn't this a contradiction? )) Zhou Cang is not recorded in the reflection, and seems to be a fictional character.
In terms of age, the ages of several main figures, from big to small, are Cao Cao → Lu Bu → Zhao Yun → Guan Yu → Liu Bei → Zhang Fei → Lu Su → Zhou Yu → Zhuge Liang → Sun Quan → Lu Xun, Zhao Yun is at least two years older than Liu Bei, and Battle of Red Cliffs and Zhao Yun were in their fifties. Zhang Zhao is one year younger than Sun Jian; Guan Yu is one year older than Liu Bei. In terms of weapons, the dragon crescent moon blade-Guan Yu's weapon is a spear. In fact, Lu Bu's weapon is also a spear. Zhang Fei's weapon is not a snake spear, but a general spear.
5. What happened to the conclusion of the Three Kingdoms Agreement in history? 1890 In March, after Bismarck resigned, German Emperor William II gave up Bismarck's strategy of wooing Russia to stand on its own feet in France, and Russia was pushed into the arms of France as a result.
France and Russia share common interests in politics. They are all afraid that Germany is too strong. France hopes to get Russia's support on the eastern front in the German-French war, and Russia also hopes that France can cooperate with Austria for the Balkan Peninsula. The economic exchanges between the two countries are also increasingly close.
Since 1888, France has continuously provided loans to Russia. By the end of 1889, Russia owed France 2.6 billion francs, while Germany refused to provide any loans to Russia. In this way, Russia's financial dependence on France deepened.
1890 In July, Germany and Britain signed the Helgolan Treaty and reached a compromise on the East African issue. This treaty made France feel isolated and accelerated the pace of alliance with Russia.
1891may, Germany, Austria and Italy renewed their contracts in the triple alliance for the third time. In June, when the Italian Prime Minister announced the renewal of the three-nation alliance contract, he mentioned the Mediterranean agreement between Britain, Italy and Austria. France therefore suspected that Britain had also participated in triple alliance and decided to take diplomatic action.
In August, France and Russia concluded a political agreement in the form of diplomatic letters, stipulating that in case of possible attack, the two countries should know each other's situation and take measures. On August 17 of the following year, France and Russia signed a secret military agreement.
The agreement stipulates that if Austria or Italy attacks France with the support of Germany, Russia will attack Germany with all its strength; If Germany or Austria attacks Russia with the support of Germany, France should attack Germany with all its strength; If the countries of the three-nation alliance mobilize their troops, France and Russia will immediately mobilize all their troops to the border without consultation; The French army to Germany should be 6.5438+0.3 million, and the Russian army to Germany should be 70? 800,000; The two sides shall not make peace alone, and shall not reveal the secrets of the agreement; The agreement has the same effect as the three-nation alliance treaty. At the same time, out of fear of Germany's growing influence, Britain felt that its position was increasingly threatened. It decided to abandon the traditional policy of "glorious isolation" and began to move closer to France and Russia.
1904 In April, Britain and France signed an agreement to carve up the colony. The main contents of this agreement are: France will not interfere with Britain's actions in Egypt; Britain recognizes France's right to maintain peace and help Morocco reform; In Siam (now Thailand), the spheres of influence of the two countries are defined: the Mekong River is the boundary, the western half is the sphere of influence of Britain, and the eastern half is the sphere of influence of France; France gave up its exclusive fishing right in Newfoundland, while Britain gave it to some colonies in West Africa.
At the same time, the secret clause also stipulates that if one of the two sides is "forced by the situation", it can also change the status quo in Egypt or Morocco; However, the principles of free trade, free passage through the Suez Canal and the prohibition of fortification on the south bank of the Strait of Gibraltar continue to be maintained. Through the agreement, the contradiction between Britain and France was resolved and the interests of both sides tended to be consistent.
Since then, Britain and Russia have also begun to adjust their relations to deal with their common rival Germany. 1907 In August, Britain and Russia signed an agreement to divide the colonies in Petersburg.
The main contents of this agreement are: the southeast of Persia (today's Iran) is defined as the sphere of influence of Britain, and the north is the sphere of influence of Russia, with a neutral zone between them, which is open to Britain and Russia equally; Russia recognizes that Afghanistan is beyond its sphere of influence and promises Britain to replace Afghan diplomacy. In this way, the so-called "three-country agreement" was finally formed.
After the formation of "triple alliance" and "Three Kingdoms Agreement", the two groups competed with each other, which eventually led to the outbreak of the First World War.