Reasons: the serf uprising seriously threatened the czar's rule; The abolition of serfdom faced strong resistance from nobles; Safeguard the interests of serf owners. (3 points)

(2) Different: farmers are temporarily forced to have only the right to use houses and a certain amount of land, and they are also controlled by landlords; (2 points)

Completely free farmers are completely out of the control of landlords and own private property. (2 points)

(3) Premise: Redemption of land. (2 points) Unrealistic. (1) Reason: Farmers' dependence on landlords still exists, and they are strictly managed by village communities controlled by landlords. (2 points)

(4) The key is that the reformers failed to meet the basic requirements of farmers on land issues. (2 points)

Examination analysis: (1) From the material "If I want to sign and liberate the serfs with the land, I would rather cut off my finger", we can see that the tsar is unwilling to give the serfs land for free, but he has to give them personal freedom. The reasons for the reform of serfdom can be analyzed in combination with the background at that time. (2) At present, farming has no complete personal freedom and is controlled by landlords. After the reform of serfdom, farmers gained personal freedom and landlords could not interfere. (3) From the material that "because they redeemed the land, they got rid of their obligations to the landlords and became completely free farmers with private property", it can be seen that the premise of serfs' freedom is to buy land. It is unrealistic to emphasize the free status of serfs in law, because serfs still have obligations to landlords.

Comments: Russian serfdom reform is an important event in Russian history and a reform of Russia's entry into the capitalist system. The reason for the reform is that Russian serfdom has seriously hindered social progress and is the root of Russia's backwardness. Through Russia's serfdom reform, serfs gained personal freedom, provided a large number of free labor for industrial production, and further expanded Russia's domestic market. Serfs need to pay ransom to get a small piece of land for personal freedom, which also provides funds for the development of capitalism.