Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)-the most perfect representative of capitalist spirit,/kloc-the greatest American scientist and inventor in the 8th century, a famous politician, diplomat, philosopher, writer and navigator, and a great leader of the American War of Independence. The truest portrayal of his life is what he himself said: "Honesty and diligence should be your eternal partners."

1746, an English scholar made an electrical experiment with a glass tube and a Leyden bottle in Boston. Franklin watched his performance with great interest and was deeply attracted by the emerging electrical science. Then Franklin began to study electricity. Franklin did many experiments at home, studied the properties of two kinds of charges, and explained the sources of electricity and the phenomena existing in matter. Before the eighteenth century, people could not correctly understand what lightning was. The popular view in academic circles is that lightning is a "gas explosion". In an experiment, Franklin's wife Lide accidentally touched the Leyden bottle. When the lightning flashed, Lide was hit and fell to the ground, pale, and lay at home for a week before recovering. Although this was an accident in the experiment, Franklin, who was quick-thinking, thought of lightning in the air. After repeated thinking, he came to the conclusion that lightning is also a discharge phenomenon, which is essentially the same as electricity generated in the laboratory. So, he wrote a paper entitled "On lightning in the sky is the same as our electricity" and sent it to the Royal Society. But Franklin's great idea was ridiculed by many people, and some even ridiculed him as "a madman who wants to separate God from lightning". Franklin was determined to prove everything with facts.

1752 One day in July, it was overcast with thunder and lightning, and a storm was coming. Franklin and his son William came to an open place with a kite with a metal pole on it. Franklin held the kite high, while his son flew with the kite string. Because of the strong wind, the kite was quickly put into the sky. In an instant, thunder and lightning, pouring rain. Franklin and his son are pulling a kite string together, and the father and son are anxiously looking forward to it. At this moment, just a flash of lightning passed over the kite. Franklin put his hand close to the wire on the kite (another way of saying it is a copper key), and immediately there was a terrible numbness. He couldn't restrain his inner excitement and shouted, "William, I got an electric shock!" " "Later, he introduced the electricity from the kite line into the Leiden bottle. After returning home, Franklin conducted various electrical experiments with lightning, which proved that lightning in the sky has exactly the same properties as electricity generated by artificial friction. Franklin's hypothesis that electricity in the sky and electricity on the ground are the same thing has been well confirmed in his own experiments. The success of the kite experiment made Franklin famous in the scientific world. The Royal Society gave him a gold medal and hired him as a member of the Royal Society. His scientific works have also been translated into many languages. His electrical research has achieved a preliminary victory. However, in the face of honor and victory, Franklin did not stop further research on electricity.

This "sky-electricity" experiment has always been in doubt, and Franklin himself never officially admitted to doing it. The mythbusters program of Discovery Channel draws a conclusion through the artificial environment simulation experiment. If you use a kite to draw lightning according to the rumor, Franklin will definitely get electrocuted on the spot, not just "there was a terrible numbness." Although there is controversy about whether Franklin had done kite experiments, he was the first scientist who proposed to prove that lightning in the sky was electricity by experiments in 1750. Even if he did a kite experiment, it must be different from the rumor.

1753, the famous Russian electrician Lichtman was killed by lightning in order to verify Franklin's experiment, and he was the first victim of electrical experiment. The price of blood makes many people wary and afraid of lightning detection. But faced with the threat of death, Franklin did not flinch. After many experiments, he made a practical lightning rod. He fixed an iron bar several meters long on the roof with insulating material, and a thick iron wire was tightly tied to the iron bar, reaching to the ground. When lightning struck the house, it went straight into the earth along the metal pole through the conductor, and the building was intact. 1754, lightning rod began to be used, but some people think it is ominous, and it will bring drought if it goes against God's will. Steal lightning rods at night. However, science will eventually overcome ignorance. After a gust of lightning and thunder, the cathedral caught fire; High-rise buildings with lightning rods are safe. Facts have educated people and made them believe in science. Lightning rods spread to Britain, Germany, France and finally all over the world. Franklin's contribution to science lies not only in electrostatics, but also in a wide range of research fields. Mathematically, he created the Eight Rubik's Cube and Sixteen Rubik's Cube, which have special properties and complicated changes, and are still praised by scholars. In thermodynamics, he improved the heating stove, which can save three quarters of the fuel, and is called "franklin stove"; In optics, he invented bifocal glasses for the elderly, which can not only see near things, but also see far things. Together with hartle of Cambridge University, he used the evaporation of ether to obtain a low temperature of minus 25 degrees (Celsius) and founded the theory of evaporative refrigeration. In addition, he also studied meteorology, geology, acoustics and ocean navigation, and made many achievements.