Influence of Cross-cultural Communication on China Local Culture in the New Century and Countermeasures
Mankind has entered 2 1 century. In this brand-new century, the world situation is undergoing major and profound changes, science and technology are advancing by leaps and bounds, and the degree of economic globalization is deepening. In this context, cross-cultural exchanges and communication between countries will become more and more frequent, which is both an opportunity and a challenge to the local culture of each country. On the one hand, the uniqueness of the world's national culture faces challenges; On the other hand, in the process of mutual communication, influence and integration, the vitality of national culture will continue to increase. As far as China is concerned, the framework of market economy system has not yet been formed, the cultural industry has just started, the cultural market mechanism is not perfect, and the legal construction and management of culture are still lagging behind. How to meet the challenge of the conflict between different cultures and values after death, at the same time, learn, absorb and draw lessons from the excellent cultures of other countries, carry forward and develop the excellent national culture of China, enhance the international competitiveness of China's national cultural industry, and serve the modernization of the motherland is a major issue we are facing.
First, the influence of cross-cultural communication on China's local culture in the era of economic globalization
Today, the world is in the era of economic globalization. The western power politics makes some western developed countries not only extend their economic tentacles to the whole world, but also export western ideas, cultures and values through cultural exchanges. The spread and infiltration of this culture has had a great influence on the traditional culture of all countries in the world. The impact on China's local culture is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
1. Influence on the values contained in China local culture.
Culture is the soul of a nation and the source of national cohesion and self-confidence. Cultural products and cultural facilities bear certain cultural spirit and traditions, which is a huge spiritual wealth and has been widely recognized by all countries in the world. Our China culture has a long history and is rich and colorful. Since ancient times, we have a firm belief in serving the motherland and the ideal, a broad mind of "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later", a patriotic spirit of "every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world", a great idea of "seeking personal gain for the public" and a brave and unyielding resistance spirit. There are both strong ethics and simple dialectics and materialism; There is not only Confucius' educational thought of combining learning, questioning, thinking, distinguishing and acting, but also the scientific and democratic spirit formed in modern times ... This is the enduring essence of Chinese civilization among the four ancient civilizations. The 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward that it is necessary to form an ideal and spiritual pillar of unity in the whole society, extensively carry out social moral education, democracy and legal education and discipline education, guide people to establish a correct world outlook, outlook on life and values, and make people become new citizens with ideals, morality, culture and discipline, all of which are inseparable from the educational, incentive and guiding functions of culture.
Since the economic globalization, foreign cultural capital, cultural products and cultural styles have also flooded into China. In a positive sense, it is conducive to enriching people's diverse cultural life, improving people's quality of life and learning from the excellent cultures of other countries. However, it should also be noted that the influx of some cultural products that promote the moral ethics, outlook on life and values of western individualism will undoubtedly have a certain potential negative impact on the values contained in our local culture. For example, the trend of worshipping foreign things is rampant, some people's individualism is expanding viciously, and money worship devours people's conscience like a plague, corrupts people's souls and brings great harm to society. We should keep a clear understanding of this.
2. Impact on the dominant position of local culture in China.
China has a profound culture and a long history. For thousands of years, Chinese excellent traditional culture has always occupied an absolute dominant position in the minds of our ancestors. But in recent years, its dominant position has been challenged more and more, even distorted and excluded. Under the condition of socialist market economy, with the gradual strengthening of global economic integration, the influence of western culture on China is expanding day by day. Because some foreign cultural products use a lot of modern scientific and technological achievements, their products are entertaining, ornamental and knowledgeable, with the advantages of low production cost and low price, which can satisfy people's desire to understand and appreciate foreign cultures, so they are welcomed by the vast number of cultural consumers and will still occupy a large market share in a certain period of time. Taking movies as an example, the export value of American film and television products, represented by Hollywood, "reached $30 billion in Europe alone, surpassing the aerospace industry". (1) Titanic alone earned $654.38+08 billion. The author learned from Zhejiang Film Company that 22 imported films were put on the market in Zhejiang Province in 2000. Except for four films shot in Hong Kong, the rest 18 are all American films. Among them, the disc sequel occupied the top box office of imported films in 200010; Eight American movies, such as Dinosaur and The Matrix, all earned more than 2 million yuan at the box office. When Titanic 1998 was released in Zhejiang, the audience reached 2.065 million and the box office income reached 36.548 million yuan. In 2000, Zhejiang Chun Qing Film World released 22 imported films, with a box office income of 8 136497 yuan, even exceeding the sum of other 107 domestic films released this year.
This case shows us that American film and television culture, represented by Hollywood, has a great influence on China film market and occupies a huge economic share. More importantly, these American films have brought great influence on people's ideological understanding, value orientation, aesthetic taste and moral concept. While watching the film, the audience not only learned about American culture and art, but also was influenced by the ideological connotation to be expressed in the work. Over time, some consumers who lack critical vision will naturally feel that "the moon in the west is rounder than that in China".
Mr. Zheng, a scholar in Taiwan Province, said that television is "the most penetrating weapon in mass media", and he also quoted McLuhan's view in Understanding Media-Extension of Man: "Television is not only an entertainment tool, but also a new force that can not be ignored to create modern people's minds and change the whole living conditions." (1) This passage can also help us to understand the great influence and penetration of American movies on the vast audience in China.
3. The impact of the collision between Western centralism and cultural pluralism
Judging from the development trend of world culture, world culture is moving towards a diversified modern pattern: on the one hand, the trend of global cultural integration is deepening, on the other hand, the trend of global cultural diversification is more prominent. To a certain extent, the latter trend is a counterattack and response to the former trend. Since the birth of capitalism and industrial civilization, other civilizations, including Chinese civilization, are facing the danger of being marginalized in the face of the so-called "western civilization-centered theory", and even facing the danger of being covered by western civilization, completely losing their own cultural individuality and being lost in the torrent of western culture sweeping the world. Facing the impact of the powerful western cultural industry and modern media empire, the crisis consciousness and self-consciousness of national culture are strengthening, and all kinds of civilizations are strengthening their individuality, highlighting their own characteristics, protecting and carrying forward the unique advantages of national culture and resisting the comprehensive assimilation of western culture. The warning of the world cultural war is no longer alarmist. The concept that national culture is relatively closed and isolated has long been out of date, and even the concept of regional culture is gradually withdrawing from the historical stage. In the collision between western centralism and cultural pluralism, it is an important topic how our local culture can occupy its due position in the future world cultural pattern and better seek self-preservation and self-improvement.
Second, the opportunities brought by cross-cultural communication in the era of economic globalization to the development of local culture in China.
Economic globalization is a double-edged sword for local culture. On the one hand, for non-English speaking countries and developing countries, cross-cultural communication under the background of globalization will have an impact on local culture. On the other hand, this cross-cultural exchange provides an opportunity for the development of local culture, and the vitality of national cultures will continue to increase in conflict and integration.
Every culture has its own independent origin, maturity, decline and process, and it is impossible for any culture to replace the function of another culture. In this sense, it can be said that culture has the antagonism of "non-communication", so the whole world is a "cultural field" where many cultures coexist. When cultures with different patterns and values meet, the spread and exchange of cultures cannot be unimpeded, and conflicts between different cultures are inevitable. History has proved that cultural conflict is also the driving force of cultural development, and any culture can achieve new development only through openness, comparison and competition. Economic globalization just provides opportunities for cultural exchange and development. For our local culture, it mainly provides the following two opportunities:
First of all, it provides us with an opportunity to see the world with wide eyes. China culture is profound and has a long history, but it doesn't mean it is perfect and doesn't need development. On the contrary, because China culture has long been rooted in the soil of agricultural society and feudal autocracy, the transformation from traditional form to modern form is often accomplished through exchanges and violent collisions with foreign cultures (such as the May 4th New Culture Movement). Western culture also has many excellent aspects, not just "wolves". Therefore, in the process of modernization, we are still inseparable from the exchange and communication with the world's advanced cultures. Economic globalization just provides a good opportunity and operating platform for this kind of communication. We can seize the open environment it brings, strengthen cultural exchanges, learn, absorb and learn from the excellent cultures of other countries, and actively inherit and carry forward all the advanced civilization achievements created by human society. We should not only "take China's heritage and integrate new machines", but also "adopt foreign good practices and give full play to their strengths", so as to innovate and develop local culture and strengthen national culture.
Second, it provides a rare opportunity for our local culture to go global. The Chinese nation has splendid historical civilization and profound national culture. However, due to China's closed-door policy, especially the complacency of the Qing Dynasty, the imperialist invasion and western cultural hegemony after the Opium War in modern times, and the hostility or one-sided propaganda of some western media towards new China for many years, many westerners do not understand China culture, and even have misunderstandings. This is extremely unfavorable to the promotion of our local culture. Economic globalization provides an opportunity for the world to understand China culture, and also provides an excellent way for the spread and promotion of China culture in the world.
Third, in the face of challenges and opportunities, China local culture should take countermeasures.
In today's world, the international competition between countries is not only the competition between different social systems and different ideologies, but also the competition of a country and a nation's right to survive and develop in the future world and how to win a more favorable international status. In terms of means, it is not only the competition of political and military strength, but also the competition of economy and different cultures. In the final analysis, it is the competition of comprehensive national strength. Comprehensive national strength is the unity of natural national strength (area, population, resources, environment, etc.). ), social national strength (mainly political national strength, military national strength and social mobilization ability, etc. ), material national strength (mainly economic national strength) and spiritual national strength (represented by ideology and culture). However, culture is the heart of the country, the soul of the nation and cultural national strength is an important aspect of comprehensive national strength. The challenge from culture should be answered by cultural means first. We should strengthen the study of foreign cultural strategies, clarify our thinking and formulate strategies for China's cultural development in the new century. The formulation and implementation of China's foreign cultural strategy in the 2/kloc-0 century is not only related to the adjustment of international cultural forces, the reconstruction of new international cultural relations and the establishment of a new international cultural order, but also directly related to the world status of China culture and the image of the Chinese nation in the 2/kloc-0 century. Revitalizing Chinese culture is an important part of the great strategy of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
The Chinese nation is a great nation. We have not let go of any development opportunities and are confident to meet all kinds of challenges.
Fight. While analyzing the numerous impacts on China's local culture, we should also see China's political and cultural advantages. Over the past 50 years since the founding of New China, we have a superior social system, a 5,000-year civilization and a rich foundation for cultural construction. As long as we have a clear understanding, confidence in winning and practical policies and measures, we will certainly be able to build a socialist culture with China characteristics on the basis of learning and absorbing foreign excellent cultures. Specifically, staffing can be carried out from the following aspects:
First, in the face of economic globalization, to get rid of "narrow nationalism", we should actively participate in cultural global exchange activities in the spirit of rational science and learn from each other's strengths, rather than passively escape behind closed doors.
China is a multi-ethnic country. Historically, the Han nationality and other ethnic minorities have been engaged in cultural exchanges and integration. 56 ethnic groups have cultivated the wonders of Chinese culture. However, despite this, our local culture is not perfect. We need and should absorb foreign culture and enrich and develop our excellent national culture through continuous screening and melting. For example, the absorption of Indian Buddhist culture, Arabic culture and Persian culture in the Han and Tang Dynasties, and the absorption of some western cultures in the Ming and Qing Dynasties all showed the great spirit of the Chinese nation. Since the Opium War, in order to change China's backwardness and beatings, our forefathers have assiduously studied all the beneficial truths of saving the country and the people, and the May 4th Movement has moved towards democracy and science. Mao Zedong and other revolutionaries of the older generation combined Marxism–Leninism with the concrete practice of the China Revolution, which opened the way for the independent liberation of the Chinese nation and the revival and development of China. Great changes in China in the past 20 years have attracted worldwide attention. Today, facing the challenges of global economic integration and China's entry into the World Trade Organization, we should open our doors to the world and absorb all advanced foreign elements to enrich and improve ourselves or improve our backward parts.
Second, oppose "total westernization", keep a clear understanding of foreign culture, and "get rid of its dross and take its essence".
Chinese culture embodies the spiritual wealth of Chinese people all over the world, and it is also a solid barrier to safeguard national unity. We should cherish, inherit and develop its excellent ingredients. Of course, there are also disadvantages that damage the vitality of the nation, such as politics, violence (including cultural violence, such as literary inquisition), patriarchal clan system, superstition and so on, which are all related to feudal absolutism. In order to better carry forward and develop our local culture in the process of globalization, we must be good at digesting and absorbing world excellent cultures. Moreover, in the cultural exchange with the world, it is inevitable that there will be some negative phenomena, and the process and consequences of cultural exchange cannot be completely and completely controlled-cultural exchange will promote people's ideas to change, which naturally cannot be brought into full social control. This requires us to maintain our due discrimination and criticism when dealing with this problem, and adopt a dialectical view, "get rid of its dross and take its essence."
Third, carry out various forms of cross-cultural dialogue, strengthen the exchange between China's local culture with a long history and other cultures in the world, so that our local culture can be promoted and developed in this interactive process, and then play a greater role in the process of economic globalization.
World culture consists of rich and colorful national cultures. Diversity is the primitive and natural feature of world culture, and it is also the charm and vitality of world culture. It is in the process of mutual communication between different national cultures with different characteristics, in this kind of communication and inevitable mutual blending and conflict, the world culture is constantly pushed to a new height of development. Historically, ancient Greek civilization spread in Europe, Asia and Africa. During the prosperous period of Han and Tang dynasties, Chinese civilization with Confucianism as the core had a far-reaching impact on East Asia, South Asia, West Asia and other surrounding areas. /kloc-After the 7th century, China culture spread to Europe through the media of Catholic missionaries. At that time, The Analects of Confucius, Zhouyi and many China cultural classics were translated into western languages and spread in Europe. Similarly, the spread of Indian Buddhism has had a great influence on China culture. Since modern times, western culture has influenced the world with its advanced material civilization. It can be seen that the communication and dissemination between different cultures is an important force to promote human progress and an indispensable part of the development of human culture. Therefore, in order to further promote and develop China's local culture in the new economic era, we must strengthen cross-cultural exchanges and dialogues, or we should not only import culture, but also export it, that is, we should adopt both "take away doctrine" and "send away doctrine" on this issue. China now has a surplus in foreign trade and a deficit in cultural exchange. Under the background of economic globalization, Beijing's successful bid for the Olympic Games and China's entry into WTO are great opportunities for China culture to reverse the "deficit", let the world know about China and let China go to the world.
Fourth, with the help of modern scientific and technological means, especially the Internet, which is regarded as the "fourth media", we can enjoy resources and broaden our horizons, so as to better carry forward local culture.
Since 1990s, the Internet has developed rapidly, which has had a far-reaching impact on the whole world. On the one hand, the Chinese nation should embrace and accept the Internet as a star of science and technology with broad mind and courage, on the other hand, it should actively resist the erosion of western culture represented by the United States and strive to build Socialism with Chinese characteristics culture in the 2 1 century. This requires us to make full use of the Internet, a worldwide network, to convey the voice of China, so that there is enough information from China on the Internet, so as to achieve equal cross-cultural communication. Just as Chinese is an obstacle for foreign users, the flood of English information on the Internet is also an obstacle for most ordinary users in China. At present, the vast majority of netizens in China are people with strong economic ability, high academic qualifications and understanding of English. Although Internet users in China have developed rapidly, they still account for only a small proportion compared with the population base of China. Cross-cultural communication is two-way. Without the full participation of domestic users, it is impossible to effectively use the Internet for cross-cultural communication. Therefore, we must vigorously develop Chinese information resources, speed up the establishment of historical and cultural sites in China, fully reflect our academic research results, provide a large number of accurate academic materials, and provide readers with easy-to-understand content, so as to promote the popularization of the Internet in China. In addition to Chinese, historical and cultural sites should also have English versions, which can show China's excellent national traditional culture and national spirit to foreign users through mass media and help foreign audiences understand the real China, especially the long-standing China culture and the spirit of the times.
Fifth, blaze new trails and strive to cultivate local culture into an advanced culture that represents the way forward.
The construction of advanced culture must be combined with the new practice, the requirements of the times and the needs of people's spiritual and cultural life. Therefore, we need to actively carry out cultural innovation and strive to prosper advanced culture. This requires us to focus on the forefront of the world's scientific and cultural development, seize the opportunity, and constantly develop a healthy, progressive and colorful socialist culture with China style and China characteristics. On the one hand, we should look at China from the perspective of the world and carry forward and surpass the traditional culture of China. In other words, we should put China in the context of economic globalization and re-examine China's traditional culture with the times. Standing at the height of the world and having a broad vision, we will not be stuck in the tradition and will not be at a loss because of the endless changes in the world. But calmly and dialectically analyze the excellent traditions and historical limitations of China's traditional culture, and make cultural choices that conform to the historical trend. On the other hand, we should look at the world based on China's national conditions, realize the integration of foreign progressive cultures, and actively participate in the process of world civilization. Culture is the common wealth of mankind, and the cultures of all nationalities in the world are developed and perfected by learning from each other and learning from each other's strengths, which is the law of cultural development. Under the historical conditions of limited diplomacy in ancient China, China's traditional culture was compatible with Indian Buddhism, which spread widely in East Asia and had a far-reaching influence in Europe in the18th century. In the past hundred years, China has been passively impacted by western culture several times. Due to insufficient ideological preparation, his absolute thinking of either or did not form a big idea of active participation. Now, mankind has entered 2 1 century. Under the trend of economic globalization, our local culture should study foreign progressive culture and actively participate in the process of world civilization. Only by doing these two aspects can we maintain the advanced nature of local culture and represent the direction of progress.
4. Outlook: Yesterday we were an ancient civilization in the world, and so will we tomorrow.
Will surely become a world cultural power.
China's culture, which originated in the vast land, has lasted for at least 5,000 years and has been developing and growing. It is rooted in more than one-fifth of the world's population and is gradually becoming one of the world's powerful countries relying on its increasingly powerful comprehensive national strength and economic strength, with unique and huge advantages. The growing economic strength, unprecedented good external environment and highly developed modern science and technology provide China culture with strong economic backing, open external conditions and sufficient technical means to truly go global. Facing the new situation, we should adjust our strategy in time, protect culture from the height of safeguarding national sovereignty and national survival, expand and develop culture from the height of national self-improvement and national rejuvenation, continuously enhance comprehensive national strength and cultural national strength, and realize the updated development and modern rise of Chinese culture. In addition, we should try our best to combine our culture and economy, and combine spiritual products with modern media means. Make our cultural products not only meet people's spiritual needs and realize their own social value, but also realize their own economic value with their high added value.
As long as we unswervingly adhere to the direction of serving the broad masses of the people and the prosperity of the Chinese nation, adhere to the basic starting point of meeting the growing cultural needs of the broad masses of the people, adhere to the principles of "letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend" and "making the past serve the present and making foreign things serve China", and face modernization, the world and the future, we will certainly have the ability and confidence to build a national, scientific and popular Chinese new culture. We, an ancient oriental country with world civilization, will remain young forever and become a world cultural power in the new millennium.