The first generation of attack nuclear submarines belonging to the Soviet Union were "N" class nuclear submarines. The "N" class was designed in 1955 and put into service in 1958. It was the first nuclear submarine of the Soviet Navy. * * * Build 13 ships. Length 109.7m, width 9. 1m, draft 6.7m, surface displacement 5,000 tons and underwater displacement 5,750 tons. The power plant uses a nuclear reactor and two twin-shaft steam turbines, with a power of 30,000 HP, a maximum speed of 30 knots on the water surface and a maximum diving depth of 300 meters. The weapon was launched by 10 torpedo.
As can be seen from these standards, it is equivalent to the third generation of nuclear submarines in the United States. It is much more advanced than the first-generation "Lei" class and the second-generation "bonito" class in the United States. 1in April, 970, an "n" class nuclear submarine was wrecked and sank in British waters.
From 1965 to 1990, the Soviet Union built the second generation of nuclear submarines-"V" class and "V" class. "V-I" type * * * built 17 ships, with a length of 94m, a width of 10.5m, a draft of 7.3m, a surface displacement of 4,300 tons, an underwater displacement of 5,300 tons and a maximum diving depth of 600m. The power plant consists of two PW nuclear reactors and two steam turbines. Uniaxial. The power is 30,000 HP, the maximum surface speed is 16 knots, and the underwater speed is 32 knots.
The weapon has six torpedo tubes, which can launch Type 53 wire-guided torpedo. It can also launch SS-N- 15 anti-ship missiles. Missiles can be launched 20~40 meters underwater, and this class of nuclear submarines can also push nuclear depth bombs.
"V-II" type was built in 1972- 1975. The stage is 98.5m long and 10m wide, with a draft of 6.75m, a surface displacement of 4,600t, an underwater displacement of 5,680t and a maximum diving depth of 600m. The power plant is a nuclear reactor with a power of 30,000 horsepower and the largest surface area. The weapon has eight 533 torpedo tubes.
24 "V-III" ships, 1978- 1990 ships. This stage has a length of107m, a width of10.6m, a draught of 7m, a surface displacement of 5,800t, an underwater displacement of 6,000t and a maximum diving depth of 600m. Uniaxial. The power is 30,000 HP, the maximum surface speed 18 knots, and the underwater speed is 30 knots.
In addition to six torpedo tubes, the weapon can also launch SS-N- 15 and SS-N- 16 anti-ship missiles. SS-N-2 1 surface-to-surface missile. It is also the first submarine in the Soviet Union to use a towed sonar antenna.
The third-generation nuclear submarine "A" class (also known as "Alpha" class) was built in 1970- 1983, with a total of 37 ships. 8 1.5m long, 9.5m wide, 7.5m draught, 2,800t surface displacement and 3,700t underwater. The power station adopts two 170MW pressurized water reactors. Single shaft, power of 50,000 HP, maximum speed of 20 knots on the surface, 43-45 knots underwater, maximum diving depth of 700 meters, 40 people.
The weapon has six 533 torpedo tubes, which can launch SS-N- 15 and 53 torpedoes. It can carry 20 torpedoes and 40 mines. The most famous A-class submarine is that it has the fastest speed and the deepest dive depth in the world. The number is the least. Its compact shape enables it to fight in narrow waters.
After the third generation of nuclear submarines. The Soviet Union built the fourth generation "O" class (Oscar) in 1978. There are two types of "O-I". 1980 was launched and 1982 was put into service.
1985-1993 "o-ii" class is produced at the rate of one ship per year. The stage width is18.2m, and the power station adopts two 200MW pressurized water reactors and two hydraulic turbines. Double-shaft and double-paddle, power 7. 50,000 horsepower, maximum speed of 30 knots (O-I type) /28 knots (O-II type), and maximum diving depth of 500 meters. There are 24 weapons arranged at an inclination angle of 40 degrees, which can launch "SS-N- 19 ship-to-ship missiles and four 533 and 650 torpedo tubes respectively. Use SS-N- 15 nuclear anti-submarine missile.
Starting from 1984, the Soviet navy built a "shark" class attack nuclear submarine after the "O" class, which is the fourth generation of Soviet nuclear submarines. Service telephone number 1985. Length110m, width14m, draught10.4m. The surface displacement is 7500 tons, and the underwater displacement is 9 100 tons. The power plant adopts two 200 MW pressurized water reactors and two turbines, with a single shaft and two propellers, with a power of 47,600 HP, a maximum submerged speed of 32 knots and a maximum diving depth of 400 meters.
There are four launch tubes capable of launching 533 and 650 "torpedoes. It can also launch SS-N- 15, SS-N- 16 anti-submarine missiles and SS-N-2 1 cruise missiles.
The "H" class of the first-generation ballistic missile nuclear submarine in the Soviet Union began construction in 1958 and entered service in 62 years. The weapon is HI-equipped 16 "Sack" SS-N-4 ballistic missile.
In the sixties and seventies, in order to improve the survivability of the "H" class, it was improved, with three SS-N-5 ballistic missiles per ship and SS-N-8 ballistic missiles.
The second generation Soviet ballistic missile nuclear submarine is "Y" class, with a length of 129.5m, a width of 1 1.6m, a draught of 8.8m The surface displacement is 7,800 tons and the underwater displacement is 9,450 tons. The power station adopts two PWR nuclear reactors and two turbines, with two shafts and a power of 45,000 HP. The maximum speed of the water surface is 27 knots and the maximum diving depth is 400 meters. The weapon is SS-N-6 ballistic missile carrying 16 soft. * * * 34 ships were built, most of which have been retired.
197 1 year, the Soviet navy began to design and build the third-generation nuclear submarine "d" class. The first boat came into service in July, with a length of 137 m, a width of 12 m, a draft of 8 m, a surface displacement of 8,750 tons and an underwater displacement of 10200 tons. The power plant is equipped with two PWs. The power of the two shafts is 50,000 horsepower, the maximum speed on the surface of the water is 18 knots, 25 knots are underwater, and the maximum diving depth is 400 meters.
Carrying 12 extended-range SS-N-8 ballistic missiles and 6 533 torpedo tubes, the construction stopped on 1975. From 1974 to 198 1, the Soviet Union modified the "D" class and developed the "D" class. Therefore, both improvements are larger than the "D" level. "D-III" carries SS-N-23 ballistic missile (two-stage liquid rocket, 1, with three sub-warheads, type 2 with single warhead, type 3 with seven sub-warheads, single warhead with 450,000 tons of TNT equivalent, and multi-warhead with 200,000 tons of TNT equivalent/piece).
The fourth generation ballistic missile "Typhoon" class started construction in 1978, and/kloc-0 officially entered service in September, 1984, and two ships were built. Length 17 1.5m, width 24.6m, draught 15m, surface displacement 18500t and underwater displacement 26500t. The power station adopts two PW 330-360 MW nuclear reactors and two steam turbines, with a power of 80,000 HP and a maximum water speed of 27 knots.
The weapons include two torpedo tubes of 533 and 650 respectively, and 20 SS-N-20 submarine-to-ground ballistic missiles (solid rockets have a range of 4,500 nautical miles). The deviation is about 650 meters, and there are 7 to 9 thermonuclear warheads, each of which is 200,000 tons. It is the largest submarine in the world.
The biggest problem of Soviet submarines is that the quietness of Soviet nuclear submarines is not as good as that of American nuclear submarines, and quietness is the most important prerequisite for submarine survival. In addition, the Soviet Union also produced several types of attack nuclear submarines specially equipped with cruise missiles, such as "E" class capable of launching SS-N- 12 Sadoc missiles, "C" class capable of launching SS-N-7 missiles and "P" class capable of launching SS-N-9 missiles. 199 1 After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Russia became the heir of the Soviet nuclear submarine.