First, the origin of Sumerian civilization Sumerian region gave birth to the civilizations of the two river basins, that is, the civilizations of the Euphrates River and the Tigris River basins that we have learned in history books. A long time ago, there was a fertile Mesopotamian plain between the Euphrates River and the Tigris River, and an ancient civilization developed on this plain, which is the earliest civilization in West Asia and the Middle East. Sumerians are the great creators of this civilization. According to historical records, around 3500 BC, Sumerians had dug ditches in the two river basins, engaged in production, improved technology and carried out primitive social life.
Second, the development of Sumerian civilization Sumerian civilization is a kind of urban civilization, which occupies an important position in world history. It is the first country in the history of the world to establish a city. During 4300 -3500 BC, Sumerians established many cities in the two river basins, such as uruk and Ur. The establishment of the city also marks the disintegration of the clan in the southern part of the two river basins and the transition to civilization. By about 3 100 BC, dozens of city-states had been formed in the south of the two river basins.
Third, the characteristics of Sumerian civilization A very important feature of Sumerian civilization is its own writing. On the slate in 3500 BC, archaeologists once found lines and picture symbols engraved on it, which is the earliest writing found in the south of the two river basins, called cuneiform writing. In addition, Sumerian civilization is a civilization that relies heavily on irrigated agriculture. At that time, their agricultural production was relatively prosperous, and they began to use plows from 3000 BC. They can also use metallurgy and heat treatment to make stone tools sharper.
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