Drilling a well means that people dig a cylindrical passage down from the surface of the earth. The original purpose is to extract groundwater. In the long river of human history, drilling has roughly experienced three stages of development: drilling technology, drilling technology and rotary drilling technology. In the first two stages, our Chinese nation was at the forefront in this technology. Around 1500 BC, the word "well" has been found in Oracle Bone Inscriptions unearthed in China. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the well depth has reached more than 50 meters, and it has exceeded 140 meters in the Tang Dynasty. This period belongs to the stage of manual digging, with a diameter of about 1.5 meters, and people can go down from the wellbore to the bottom of the well. After two thousand years' development, the drilling technology in ancient China has made new progress and made an epoch-making breakthrough. The diameter of the drilling shaft is bowl-shaped and the well depth reaches 1- 1048. Zhuotong well is a salt well that uses upright and thick bamboo tubes and bamboo pieces as ropes to fish brine from underground. The invention of "Zhuo Tong Jing" is another great invention of China in ancient times besides compass, gunpowder, printing and papermaking, which initiated the modern "rope drilling" drilling technology in the world and set off a major energy revolution in human history. Needham, a famous British scholar, was amazed after studying the ancient drilling technology in China. In his book "History of Ancient Science and Technology Civilization in China", he wrote: "The deep wells used to exploit oil and natural gas today were developed from these technologies of the Chinese people" and pointed out that "this technology spread to western countries about 12 centuries ago". 1835 (6 years of Daoguang), China became the first "outstanding barrel well" in the world (the sea well in Da 'anzhai, Zigong City, Sichuan Province, with a depth of1001.42m), which made the drilling technology reach a new peak. 1850 (30 years of Daoguang), and the drilling depth reached 1 100 m (Mozi well, Zigong City, Sichuan Province). In order to exploit underground oil, the first well drilled by the United States in Pennsylvania was at 1859, with a depth of only 21.64m. It was not until 187 1 that it was drilled to 338.33m.. Russia only drilled a well about 60 meters deep at 1848. The rotary drilling technology that appeared at the end of19th century was actually developed on the basis of rotary drilling technology in China.

Oil and gas wells were called "fire wells" in ancient China. According to Records of Sacrifice to the Suburb in the History of Han Dynasty (AD 6 1 year), "The Temple of Heaven is in Hong Men", that is, a temple was built in the Hong Men fire well near Shenmu County in northern Shaanxi. Li He, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, once asked, "Where is the Huojing Hot Spring?" This poem. Natural gas drilling in Sichuan, China is related to salt wells. The Bohai well mentioned above is actually a combined production well of brine and natural gas, with a daily output of 5000 ~ 8000 cubic meters of natural gas and brine 14 cubic meters. According to the book Zhong Shuguang Ji, in the last year of Zheng De in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 152 1), in the history of Sichuan, in the process of drilling salt wells or natural gas wells, it was changed to oil wells after drilling oil. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the technology of drilling gas wells in Sichuan was very common, and Masaru Ibuka was about1000 m.

The world-famous "Zhuotongjing" in Daying Township, Sichuan Province