/kloc-In the 1950s of 0/9, Britain, France, Turkey and Russia fought the Crimean War, and the battlefield mortality rate of British soldiers was as high as 42%. Nightingale volunteered to be a field nurse. She led 38 nurses to the front line and served in a field hospital. She tried her best to eliminate all kinds of difficulties, solve the necessary daily necessities and food for the wounded, and give them serious care. Only half a year or so, the death rate of the wounded and sick dropped to 2%. Every night, she patrols with an oil lamp, and the wounded and sick affectionately call her Mrs. Lantern. After the war, Florence Nightingale returned to England and was hailed as a national hero.
1860, nightingale founded the first formal nursing school in the world with more than 4000 pounds awarded by the government. Later, she founded a training class for midwives and nurses in poor hospitals, and was praised as the founder of modern nursing education.
The nightingale died in 19 10. In order to express her admiration, people designated her birthday-May 12 as "International Nurses' Day".
After nightingale died, according to her will, there was no state funeral. Later generations praised her as "the angel of the wounded" and "the lady with the lantern", and angels in white, the third lesson of Unit 6 in the textbook published by Beijing Normal University, told her story.
■ Kind-hearted, give up wealth.
William's father and Fanny's mother are of noble blood. In England, they have two homes: Ewing Villa and Empoli Garden. Every summer, the scorching sun, their whole family like migratory birds, non-stop to the "secluded villa" for the summer; For the rest of the year, they live in Emporay Garden. In spring and autumn, the whole family went to visit relatives and friends in nearby London, and they were very busy. Little Florence spent her childhood in a paradise.
Strangely, however, her excitement is often not on her friends. She likes riding a pony and chatting and playing with cats, dogs and birds around her. She is happy to take care of them. Once, a little tit died. She wrapped the bird in a handkerchief, buried it under a pine tree in the garden and set up a small tombstone with an epitaph on it.
Poor little tits/Why did you die/What a beautiful crown on your head//But now/you are lying there/ignoring me/ignoring me.
She has been a loner since she was a child, not as naughty as ordinary children. She is stubborn and sentimental, and seems to be too precocious. She grew up alone in the noise.
Empely Garden is thriving, but outside it is bleak. In Britain from 65438 to 0842, the economy was extremely depressed, and hungry people filled every corner. Florence wrote in her notes: At any time, I can't let go of those who suffer in my heart. ...
1843 July is the hot season. When the Nightingale family went to Ewing Villa for the summer again, she ignored her family's opposition and helped the poor around her. She is not afraid of being dirty and suffering, and spends more and more time in the patient's hut. Because many patients are short of clothes and food, she often forces her mother to give her some medicine, food, sheets, bedding, clothes and so on. She uses these things to help the poor solve their urgent needs. Florence didn't want to give up halfway when she wanted to return to Emporay Garden. She wants to stay here. However, it is ridiculous for mother to think that the daughter of a noble family should do something else and waste time caring for those poor people. Father and sister are also on the mother's side. Florence is isolated.
In the British concept at that time, it was very dirty and dangerous to deal with all kinds of patients. People always avoid talking about the words "hospital" and "nursing" because they are terrible and humiliating things. Due to the backward medical level, declining national strength and frequent wars, hospitals in Britain after 1844 are almost synonymous with misfortune, depravity, sloppiness and chaos. Due to the lack of necessary management, it sometimes looks like an insane asylum. In Florence's view, the most unacceptable thing is not the terrible medical conditions mentioned above, but the poor reputation and low quality of "nurses" in hospitals.
1845 In August, Florence went to Manchester with her father to visit her sick grandmother. Because grandma was seriously ill, bedridden and lacked care, she always stayed with her to take care of her. Soon, grandma's health improved greatly. Later, the old nurse, Mrs. Gail, fell ill again. Florence hurried home again to take good care of Mrs. Gail, who was terminally ill. Florence waited until the old man died and didn't leave.
In the autumn of this year, a plague was prevalent in the countryside near Emporay Garden. Florence, together with the local pastor, took an active part in nursing patients. She has proved herself again and again, and her belief in life is more firm.
At that time, people thought that nursing was simple and did not need training. Even Florence herself once thought that as long as she had patience and compassion, she could help patients relieve their pain, which was the whole of nursing work. One day, she saw a woman with her own eyes and died painfully in front of her. The patient took the wrong medicine. "She must die unsatisfied, and those caregivers' poisoned' her!" The idea greatly stimulated her. From then on, she knew that nursing was an important knowledge. In order to realize her dream, she has no choice but to learn this knowledge.
A few miles from Empoli Garden, there is a clinic. The attending physician, Mr. Fuller, is very famous. It is said that he graduated from Oxford University and is an old friend of the Nightingale family. So Florence intends to persuade her parents to give her a period of time and allow her to study in this clinic. It happened that Fuller and his wife were invited to be guests in Emporay Garden, and she proposed to worship Fuller as a teacher in front of her parents.
Unexpectedly, a storm broke out. Father is gone; Mother was mad and said that she couldn't stand this strange idea any longer; Even my sister screamed hysterically, saying that she must be "possessed"-this is not only beneath the nobility, but also brings germs into the house and kills the whole family.
The Fullers are embarrassed. In order to appease the nightingale, they had to "throw cold water on Florence" and persuade her to give up the idea.
Under great mental pressure, she gritted her teeth and wouldn't give in. She began to secretly study the hospital report and the blue book issued by the government. She also wrote privately to foreign experts (such as Prussian Ambassador Benson and his wife) and asked them all kinds of questions. And from time to time, I also want investigation reports about hospitals in Paris and Berlin. She studies for at least an hour every morning. As soon as the breakfast bell rings, she will quickly pack up her books, go downstairs and grab something to eat, and act like a clever girl, trying not to mention her inner thoughts. Mother put her in charge of the storage room, pantry and wardrobe, and she dared not neglect it. She hoped that her mother would change her mind. She wrote to her friend Miss Clark and said, "I have to do a lot of housework. Those clothes, glasses and China are all buried under my chin. They are simply boring. I can't help asking myself:' Is this life? Is this what a rational person, a person who is willing to make a difference, wants to do every day? "
She also received an olive branch of love. At a banquet, she met Richard, a young philanthropist (who proposed to separate juvenile offenders from adult offenders in order to receive more reasonable and humane discipline). Richard fell in love with her at first sight, and they talked about poetry and painting together, and their feelings were happy. When Florence was lonely and helpless, Richard's countless stationery gave her great spiritual comfort. She once called Richard "the person I admire". However, when he proposed, she thought for a long time, but refused him. She wrote to Richard that I was destined to be a vagrant. For my mission, I'd rather not get married, socialize and get money.
Florence once expressed her attitude of pursuing celibacy in a letter and talked about her views on marriage: "The general prejudice is that, in the final analysis, one must get married, which is the inevitable destination. However, I finally feel that marriage is not the only one. A person can make himself feel full and satisfied and find more fun from her career. " Since then, she has rejected all suitors.
At Florence's request, Sir Benson gave her a book: Caesar Woz's Yearbook of Christian Charity Women. The book introduces Caesar Woz's advanced concept and related situation in nursing.
After reading it carefully, she was overjoyed. As a charity medical institution, Caesar Woz has been her dream place for many years. There, all the conditions are relatively complete, and she can get proper training. At the same time, the religious atmosphere and rules and regulations there also have a "shield" to ensure that the reputation of nurses is not accused by public opinion.
However, she dared not rashly ask her parents to go directly to Kaiserworth, but took advantage of the opportunity to recuperate after illness to come to Frankfurt first, where the nursing career is also in the forefront of all countries. She learned a lot of useful things in the clinic. Two weeks later, when she left, she felt that she was qualified to be a qualified nurse.
Her parents and sister trembled with anger when they learned that she was a nursing "thief" and was still studying medicine in private. They banded together to punish her and told her to "think behind closed doors" and not to go out.
She had a cold war with her family for several years. Time flies. 185 1 On June 8th, Florence wrote in her notes with unprecedented firmness: "I must know that if I just wait and wait, the opportunity will slip away in vain. From them, all I get is more and more conflicts. I obviously don't get sympathy and support. Should I just sit back and wait? Absolutely not! I must fight for everything I depend on. I have to do my own thing. My life experience and my real happiness depend on my efforts, and they will never give me anything. "
This time, she really did "what she said must be done, and what she did must be fruitful." First of all, she went to Caesar Woz on the pretext of going out to play; After studying there for two weeks, I decided to go to Frankfurt again in order to get a more systematic study. She calmly announced her decision to her family. Her father was still calm, but her mother and sister panicked and tried to block it. This time, Florence didn't flinch at all. The three of them had a big fight. Seeing that the dissuasion was ineffective, my father was angry and took his dog out of the house with a shotgun. After he left, they quarreled even more. Mother even tried to slap her in the face, but she dodged deftly.
Florence bravely left home the next day. I came to the shelter of Reverend Sidwell Flidner, where there is a hospital, a nursery, an orphanage and a school for training female teachers.
Florence lives in a small room in an orphanage. Her workplace is an orphanage and Frankfurt Women's Hospital. She learned to do all the work, refused to fall behind at all, and even took part in surgical care. It's hard for her. After all, in those days, for a noble woman, it was completely indecent. She knows this, but she doesn't care.
During this period, she wrote several letters to her family, introducing her situation and eager to get back together with her family. On her 32nd birthday, she thanked her family for their blessings and wrote a letter to her father Wayne. It says:
"Although my age is really not small, I will stick to my mission even more. Actually, I'm very happy, because I'm free at last. My unfortunate adolescence has passed, and I don't miss it very much. It will never come back, and I am happy about it, because it means that I will be reborn. "
■ Dignified and generous, with lofty aspirations.
/kloc-one day in 0/837, the nightingale thought she heard the voice of God and asked her to complete a task. Since childhood, she has often taken care of patients and disabled people in nearby villages, and taken care of her relatives to alleviate the suffering of patients. Her parents opposed her becoming a nurse, thinking that it would damage her family honor. But feudal consciousness and social influence never made her lose confidence in nursing work.
When she was young, Nightingale became interested in nursing work because she often helped her father's old friend (a doctor) take care of patients. She visited hospitals and charities in Germany, France, Greece and other places, which enriched her reading ability and strengthened her determination to engage in nursing. She taught herself nursing knowledge and actively participated in the discussion of social welfare, children's education and improving hospital facilities by the Medical Association.
Because of her rich family, Nightingale's childhood was extremely rich. The people they associate with are also celebrities, including politicians, literary writers, artists and some local gentlemen at that time. This enabled her to fully enjoy the comfortable life of the Victorian era. However, in nightingale's mind, she is not happy in the face of this pampered life. She is shy and doesn't want to meet strangers. She often feels lonely. At the age of twelve, she studied Greek, Latin, French, German, Italian, history, mathematics and philosophy with her father. Under the guidance of her father, Nightingale made great progress in her studies. She often reads aloud and speaks loudly with her father. When her father went on a long trip, she exchanged feelings through letters. 1837, their family traveled to the European continent, and their parents used their daughter's help to increase their knowledge throughout Europe. At this time, Geer was seventeen years old and Yiran became a beautiful gardening show. The whole family spent a year and a half traveling all over France, Italy and Switzerland, enjoying the lakes, mountains, scenic spots and historical sites along the way, and inspecting the social conditions in various places. Nightingale developed the habit of taking notes and diaries from an early age. What she saw and heard was recorded and became important information for her future school management. She met some famous people in France and interacted with famous women engaged in social activities. She is very interested in politics and people, especially in charity. Since she was a teenager, she believed in this self-belief of serving mankind and her firm will to help the world and do good.
After traveling in continental Europe, she found the nursing situation in hospitals extremely bad, and felt that Britain also needed nuns like Paul Tzu Chi Hospital in Saint Vincent to take care of patients. Nursing began to sprout in her heart, and she wanted to be a nurse! At that time, the image of British nurses was: a rough and aging woman, ignorant and unable to perform medical tasks. Nightingale chose this job, which is incredible for her mother!
1839, the whole family returned to England. At this time, nightingale has become dignified and generous, and she often meets my celebrities at home, which attracts the attention and appreciation of the world. She especially likes to make friends with social workers and people from all walks of life who are engaged in innovative work. One of the famous doctors worked in Longlisbury County, which inspired her to go to the hospital to study.
At that time, most of the wards in the hospital were a large unified room, and the beds were closely connected and very crowded. There are blood and stains on the walls and floors, and the stench is unbearable for people who come in. This bad situation is everywhere, almost the same. Once, an American doctor named Samuel Howe visited her home as a writer, and Nightingale asked for his advice on becoming a nurse. Dr. Howe praised her idea and encouraged her to make unremitting efforts, but it was difficult to get the approval of her parents. During this period, in order to cater to his parents' wishes, Fudinger studied hard and absorbed new knowledge about health. At the same time, I participated in some social activities under the arrangement of my parents and met two very close boyfriends. One is her cousin Henry Nicholson; The other is Charlie Mains. But their proposal was rejected by nightingale. She decided to be single! What a great decision it was at that time. She is determined to devote herself to nursing! In her diary, she described the mood at that time in detail, and every word was touching. Mains later became a member of Congress and supported Nightingale's career all his life. 1848 At the beginning of the year, she met Sidious Highbert in Rome. He is handsome, elegant and an English gentleman. Herbert and nightingale hit it off at first sight and maintained a noble friendship all their lives. Later, he chose to be the director of operations and gave strong support to Nightingale's career.
1849 10, she traveled to Egypt with her friends again and traveled across the ocean to Greece; In April the following year, I arrived in Athens. Everywhere nightingale went, she visited charities, such as nursing homes, orphanages and related medical aid institutions. 1850 may 12, which happened to be her thirtieth birthday. She wrote this birthday speech in her notebook: I am thirty years old today, which is the age when Jesus Christ began to devote himself to preaching. There should be no more childish behavior from now on. There should be no more thoughts of love and marriage. Just let me think according to God's will and do according to his arrangement. She feels that it is God's responsibility to devote herself to nursing!
■ Run a nursing home and volunteer to save people.
In her day, no one of status was a nurse. Nurses are often ignorant, rude, alcoholic and untrained women. She took advantage of the opportunity to go to Europe to learn about nursing work in various places. Finally, she chose Kaiserworth Hospital, which she knew, and attended a four-month short-term training course in this hospital, 185 1, and finally realized her dream of studying as a nurse. During her study, she personally realized that nursing work must pay many efforts in order to relieve the pain and give spiritual comfort to patients. From 65438 to 0844, she set out from England and began to travel on the European continent, covering France, Germany, Belgium, Italy and other countries and visiting hospitals in various countries. 1850, regardless of her family's opposition, she resolutely went to Caesavis, Germany for nursing training. Her intelligence was discovered, and she was hired by 1853 as the director of the London Women's Patient Care Association.
Nightingale's ambition finally touched her father and promised to support her with 500 pounds a year. And on August 1853, 12, with the support of charity Committee, Nightingale set up a nursing home in London 1 and began to display her ambition. She took many measures, which surprised people at that time. If the patient is asked to ring the bell and a winch is set in the kitchen to deliver food to the patient, she emphasizes that "any woman, regardless of her faith or wealth, can accommodate her illness …" She shows extraordinary ability in her work and everyone listens to her.
1854 In August, cholera broke out in the slums on the outskirts of London. Nightingale volunteered to take part in emergency rescue work regardless of her personal safety. She took care of dying patients in the hospital and ran around all day. Many people died in her arms. Mrs. Kaskell admired nightingale's righteous act because she personally experienced and felt nightingale's dedication. She described it this way: "She is tall, thin and slim; A short, thick brown hair; White and thin skin color; Gray eyes are shining with melancholy and depression, but sometimes they show happy waves, which is really unforgettable; Her teeth are beautiful and neat, and she smiles sweetly. Her head is covered with a long soft hair towel, which is tied up along the hair corner to make her white oval face more beautiful. She often wears a robe made of black silk and a black shawl, which gives people an elegant feeling. The impression of natural and graceful ... "
■ Lantern goddess, don't look back.
From 65438 to 0853, the Crimean War broke out between Turkey, Britain, France and Russia. 1March 854, Britain and France formally declared war on Russia to help Turkey. In September, the British and French allied forces landed in Crimea. In the report sent back from the front, there are many complaints about the wounded being left unattended. The report said that French wounded soldiers were taken care of by nuns, while Russian wounded soldiers were taken care of by nun sympathy group. Why are there no nuns in Britain to take care of the wounded soldiers? And the medical conditions of the British army are very poor. The death rate of the wounded is as high as 42%.
When these facts were disclosed by the media, they caused an uproar in China. Upon hearing the news, Nightingale immediately wrote a letter to Hebert, the wife of the then Minister of Operations, expressing her willingness to lead 40 nurses to the battlefield at her own expense. It was a very difficult challenge for a 35-year-old woman at that time. At that time, female nurses called "sisters" appeared in advanced European countries, but due to religious and social prejudice, Britain has always opposed the emergence of female nurses in hospitals, especially field hospitals. 10 10/5, Minister Hebert agreed to her request and wrote back to Nightingale, inviting her to lead a group of nurses to Scutari, appointed by the government and given financial support. Nightingale readily agreed, and five days later, the government promulgated her as the head of the female nurse group of the British General Hospital in Turkey. The Nurses' Corps consists of 38 members, of whom 14 are professional nurses selected by hospitals and 24 are selected by religious organizations. 101October 2 1 day, they dressed up and left in a hurry. 1/kloc-0 arrived in Scutari on April 4th, and immediately got into the busy work.
Initially, based on traditional knowledge and jealousy, doctors advocated that they were not allowed to step into the ward without the doctor's instructions. Rejected for four consecutive days. Faced with this situation, nightingale first set out to improve the diet of the wounded soldiers, change dirty clothes and clean up together. She deeply felt that a perfect hospital must have adequate water supply and good drainage system. Three months later, she cleaned 10 thousand shirts. In order to accommodate 800 new patients, she made emergency repairs to the ward at her own expense. Nightingale's active service spirit finally resolved the hostility of the military doctors and won the love and trust of the wounded. She put all her heart into nursing work day and night, and gradually put the hospital on the right track. Her office naturally became the center of radiation warmth and love. The former site of the British hospital was originally a military camp in Turkey. The building is simple and the equipment is extremely scarce. The whole hospital is dirty and messy. As it is scheduled to accommodate 2500 injured people, all corridors are set as wards. These corridors are all four miles long. The hospital beds are crowded, the sanitary facilities are extremely poor, the ventilation is particularly poor, the stench is overflowing, the sludge is everywhere in rainy days, the wind and sand attack in sunny days, and there are groups of rats everywhere, and the environment is extremely bad. Each patient can only get 500 ml of water every day. Due to the lack of beds, many patients sleep on the floor and there are not enough quilts. Some are replaced by canvas, and many wounded soldiers prefer not to use it. Fuel has been lacking, and the food supply is even less satisfactory. General drugs are extremely scarce. Under such harsh conditions, a large number of wounded soldiers were infected with dysentery and cholera.
Nightingale took out her own 30,000 pounds to buy medicines and medical equipment for the hospital, reorganized the hospital, established and improved the living environment and nutritional conditions of the wounded, and reorganized the operating room, canteen and laboratory, which quickly changed the face of the battlefield hospital. The field hospital, which can only accommodate 1700 wounded, received 3000 to 4000 wounded after her arrangement. Here, her management and organization can be brought into full play. Six months later, great changes have taken place in field hospitals, and the death rate of the wounded has dropped rapidly from 42% to 2%. This miraculous and obvious nursing effect shocked the whole country, changed the evaluation of nurses in the British ruling and opposition, and improved the status of women. Since then, nursing has attracted social attention. The importance of nursing work is also recognized by people. At the same time, it also opened up and created a lofty cause for women. Nightingale devoted great energy and effort to this. She established a nurse patrol system. Every night, she always carries a lantern to patrol the ward and often works for more than 20 hours a day. When night fell, she carried a small oil lamp, along the rugged path, and in the camp four miles away, she checked the sick and wounded bed by bed. The soldiers affectionately called her "the lady with the lantern" and "the angel of Crimea". The wounded and sick wrote: "The lights are swaying and floating, and the cold night seems to be full of warmth ... We have hundreds of wounded people lying there. When she came, we scrambled to kiss her slender figure floating on the wall and then lay back on the pillow contentedly. " This is called "kiss on the wall". Therefore, "nurses with lanterns" and "the ceremony of burning candles and wearing hats for nursing college students" have also become the common themes of Nightingale commemorative stamps and special stamps for nurses.
Nightingale's great success and selfless work spirit in Crimea have won worldwide praise. The importance of nursing work has been recognized by people, and nursing work has been concerned by the society since then.
Overwork made nightingale suffer from lifelong illness. She suffered from Crimean fever in Crimea, and she continued to work until her health fully recovered. /kloc-in October, she returned to Britain as the last evacuee. After the war, nightingale avoided the grand welcoming ceremony of the government and quietly returned to her home in England under the pseudonym of "Miss Smith". She said, "I don't want flattery, as long as the people understand me."