During the Soviet period, although the developed heavy industry and long-term arms race boosted the gross domestic product and covered up the phenomenon that people's living standards were always poor, it was not in the interests of the people and also led to the dissatisfaction of the Soviet people. Secondly, the highly centralized political system lacks democracy, and the cadre class is inevitably becoming increasingly bureaucratic. Party cadres who claim to represent the interests of the people have gradually become privileged classes opposed to the people. When the masses increasingly feel that the privileged class runs counter to their own interests, the decline and disintegration of this political system is inevitable.

In addition, the Soviet Union began to implement the new economic policy from 1922, and Lenin reformed the wartime communist policy, emphasizing more development of inner-party democracy. However, since 1926 Stalin came to power, a highly centralized political and economic system has been formed. Although the Soviet Union realized industrialization under this system, by the 1960s, its disadvantages were increasingly exposed, which hindered the development of the Soviet Union. Subsequently, Khrushchev and Brezhnev successively carried out reforms, but only made minor repairs to the original system, and did not fundamentally change the highly centralized political and economic system. The most obvious is the Soviet Union's special supply store, which is full of precious foreign goods and extremely scarce goods in the Soviet Union for the exclusive use of the privileged class in the Soviet Union. In contrast, most Soviets have to put up with inferior, old and unpopular things. This system tends to solve the problem of dignitaries at the expense of the lower people. Since 1989, due to the failure of reform and serious inflation, the Soviet Union began to implement further austerity policies for the lower class, resulting in a serious shortage of consumer goods in coal mining areas, which led to a general strike of long-term oppressed coal miners.

In addition, Russia has also expanded abroad many times in history. After the October Revolution in Russia, it was once recognized that all ethnic groups have the right to self-determination, but the Soviet Union and its subsequent Soviet Union still adopted the route of external expansion. From 19 19 to 1944, it has successively entered independent countries such as Shiva Khan, Bukhara Khan, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Tuva People's Republic.

During the Soviet period, the Russian policy was pursued, nationalism was suppressed as the opposite of Soviet and socialism, political, cultural and economic elites of all ethnic groups were executed, and national language, culture and national consciousness were destroyed. During and after the Second World War, the Soviet Union also carried out brutal ethnic cleansing and emigration to ethnic minorities such as Poles, Finns, Estonians, Latvians, Lithuanians, Volga Germans, Crimean Tatars, Kalmyks, Chechens, Ingushetia and Far East Koreans.

The Soviet Union has also committed many crimes against its own people and other countries, such as the exile and massacre of the "rich peasants" class during the collectivization of agriculture, the massacre of innocent people such as party member, intellectuals and soldiers during the Great Cleanup, and the "Katyn Incident" in which Polish officers were collectively executed. With the process of "openness", these crimes were gradually made public, which had a great ideological impact on the Soviet people and deepened the dissatisfaction of the people of all ethnic groups.

Gorbachev's "New Thoughts on Reform" attempts to fundamentally rebuild socialist values and political system, completely abandon the political system legacy left by Stalinism, and establish humane and democratic socialism. In this context, Yeltsin contributed to the disintegration of the Soviet Union.

This is an encyclopedia.

My personal view is that the Soviet industrial system is serious, the proportion of heavy industry is too large, and the output of light industry is insufficient, which leads to a corresponding improvement in people's living standards, and the financial pressure of long-term dependence on imports of daily necessities is enormous. The war in Afghanistan, the hegemony between the United States and the Soviet Union and other factors led to a substantial increase in military spending, which increased the financial burden of the Soviet Union. Gorbachev was too eager to reform the system, eager for quick success and instant benefit, divorced from reality. Moreover, Gorbachev's rights were greatly restricted in the political era of the old Soviet Union, so fostering bourgeois liberals to check and balance the old factions directly led to the disintegration of the Soviet Union.

Russian October Revolution Process:

19 17 10 In October, Lenin secretly came to Petersburg and led and organized an armed uprising. Unfortunately, the secret leaked out, so the bourgeois provisional government took the initiative to attack, forcing the preparations for the armed uprising to be passive. At this critical juncture, Lenin was calm and took corresponding measures quickly, thus turning the situation around.

1October 7th 165438+ Russian calendar 65438+1October 25th, the Bolshevik Party gained absolute military superiority and launched its final attack on the bourgeois fortress Winter Palace.

The Winter Palace is the lair of the bourgeois provisional government, and the wall is high and thick, so it is quite difficult to break into it.

Lenin personally directed the battle. He first ordered the cruiser "Aphrodite" to sail into neva river to approach the Winter Palace for standby, and then told Antonov, the military leader of the battle, to launch a charge in the middle of the night and conquer the Winter Palace before dawn.

In the middle of the night, the cruiser "Aphrodite" cut through the darkness. In an instant, the surrounding cannons roared together, shells roared in the night sky, and the Winter Palace immediately became a sea of fire. Antonov led the soldiers into the square first. When the enemy in the barricade saw the fire in the backyard, they had no intention of fighting, fled and fled, surrendered and surrendered, and were in flight.

However, the enemy in an armored car in front of the palace is still fighting. The two machine guns mounted on it spewed flames, forming an impenetrable battle array. The soldiers could not stand upright and had to crawl on the ground.

Antonov saw that he couldn't subdue this "iron guy" for a while, and his teeth were chattering with hate. Just then, a soldier not far from him shouted, "Look at me!" " "Say that finish, he tied a dozen grenades into a bundle, hung on his belt, and then quickly climbed to the top of the" iron guy ".

"da da!" Enemy machine gun bullets were scattered everywhere.

The soldier was shot only five or six meters away from the iron guy. Suddenly, blood gushed from his right arm. However, he didn't look at his wound, gritted his teeth and continued to climb forward quickly. Then, he jumped on the armored car, pulled the fuse with his left hand, quickly threw a pile of grenades under the car, and then rolled away. "Boom!" The Iron Man was blown to pieces.

"Go!" Antonov shouted, led the soldiers into the Winter Palace and captured all the temporary government officials present.

The October Revolution finally won the final victory.

In the First World War, the Tsar's army was defeated repeatedly, many areas were occupied by the Germans, and the people were devastated, and they strongly demanded to change the status quo. Therefore, the Bolshevik Party put forward the proposal of overthrowing the Tsar and establishing an interim government, and organized the February Revolution. The bourgeois provisional government stole the victory of the February revolution, and also created the "July bloodshed" to persecute the Bolshevik Party. In order to win back the victory of the revolution, Lenin launched the "October Revolution" and established the first socialist country in the world.