The Wright brothers are famous American inventors. Their elder brother is wilbur wright (1867 April16-1912 May 65438), and their younger brother is Orville Wright.
1903 12 17, the Wright brothers made the first test flight of a fully controlled, self-powered and heavier-than-air plane, which was the world's first plane, Voyager 1.
The airplane is one of the greatest inventions in history. Some people rank it alongside TV and computer as the three greatest inventions that have the greatest influence on mankind in the 20th century. The Wright brothers created a flight control system that allowed the aircraft to fly under control, thus laying the foundation for the practical use of the aircraft. This technology is still applied to all aircraft today.
The great inventions of the Wright brothers changed the transportation, economy, production and daily life of human beings, and also changed the military history.
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Aircraft research course
Voyager 1 is a biplane. Its two propellers are installed on both sides of the pilot's position and driven by a single engine chain. The control system adopts the duck layout with the elevator in front and the rudder behind, which is the greatest contribution of the Wright brothers to the aviation industry.
Li Lindal had to move his body and control the flight of the plane by changing the center of gravity, while the pilot of Voyager 1 achieved the same goal by curling the whole wing tip with a mechanical device. The climb and dive of the aircraft depend on a pair of two-wing elevators installed at the front of the aircraft; A pair of rudders and wing curling mechanisms are interconnected and installed behind the driver.
The main parts of modern aircraft turning and maneuvering can be found on this first aircraft, although it is so primitive. "Voyager 1" never returned to the blue sky. At present, it is at the National Air and Space Museum in Washington, USA. The Wright brothers recorded their attempts with glass negatives, and these precious historical photos are now collected by the Library of Congress.
1897 Orville and his neighbor and childhood friend Edwin Sinnis raised a shelf behind Wright's shop. 1900 10 June10, during a flight test of the Wright brothers, their glider crashed on the mountain. Strong wind is the cause of the glider crash. The picture shows the wreckage of the glider.
190 1 in the second half of the year, the Wright brothers built the world's first wind tunnel that can accurately test the model wing, and used this wind tunnel to test more than 200 kinds of wing surfaces in more than two months, and obtained a set of scientific data, and designed the aircraft according to these data.
In repeated gliding experiments, the Wright brothers found that the pressure center turned to the side-the pressure center of the curved wing did not always move in the same direction as the pressure center of the straight wing. This great discovery is contrary to the argument of many scientific books-many data obtained by scientists about the pressure of the atmosphere on the wing are actually incorrect.
1902 On September 9th, wilbur wright and his assistant Dan Tate flew the glider of 1902 like kites. 6543810.2, in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, the Wright brothers flew a glider. Wilbur on the left holds one end of the glider, Orville is prone on the plane, and Dan Tate holds the other end of the plane.
10 year 10 month 10 day, wilbur wright glided on a sand dune in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, USA. The plane flew 36 meters, with 12 seconds left. 10 year 10 On October 24th, Wilbur turned right in a glider, and the right wing of the glider grazed the ground.
1903 12 14 after an unsuccessful test flight in Xiaoying town, wilbur wright lay prone on the damaged console of Wright's aircraft. 65438+February 17, Voyager 1 made a test flight. The first flight was driven by Orville, flying 36 meters in total, leaving 12 seconds blank. Wilbur ran to help balance the plane. In the picture, he just released the right wing of the glider.
"Voyager 1" was built, which was the first aircraft designed by the Wright brothers to carry out manned flight by its own power. Voyager 1 is an ordinary biplane. Its two propellers are installed on both sides of the pilot position and driven by a single engine chain.
1904, the Wright brothers built a second "flying machine" with a new engine and made a test flight in Hoffman grassland near Dayton. The longest continuous flight time is more than 5 minutes, and the flight distance reaches 4.4 kilometers. 1September 29, 905, on Hoffman grassland near Dayton, Ohio, flight 4 1, Orville flew to the left, altitude 18m.
1905 Wright glider has been modified so that pilots can sit and drive, and a passenger seat has been installed. The picture shows 1908, in the magic mountain, the modified glider is ready to fly. 1908 September 17, in Fort Myers, Virginia, US Army signalmen rushed to the crash site to look for pilot Orville Wright and army lieutenant Thomas selfridge, who was an army observer and a passenger on this flight.
The plane crashed during the demonstration flight, and Captain Thomas was injured and killed, which was the first death case in the history of military aircraft. The accident caused Orville to break his left leg and four ribs. After treatment and rehabilitation, Orville rejoined his passion for aviation. 1909, wilbur wright made a 33-minute long-distance flight in new york. Wilbur set off from Governor Island, flew to the Hudson River and returned to General Grant Cemetery.
Thousands of new york residents watched the flying feat. February 15, Bo, France, the Wright brothers were with their sister Catherine Wright. Miss Wright will try her first flight. In July, Orville Wright gave an air show to the US Army in Fort Mel, Virginia. The Wright brothers sell gliders to the United States Army Aviation Department.
19 1 1 features the Wright glider, which has driver and passenger seats. 1939 August19, US President franklin roosevelt designated National Aviation and Aerospace Day to commemorate the development of aviation. August 20 19 14 is the birthday of aviation pioneer Orville Wright. /kloc-More than 0/00 years ago, Orville and his brother Wilbur invented the world's first practical fixed-wing aircraft, and for the first time completed a completely controlled flight with external power on board, and continued to stay in the air.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-Wright brothers