China Stone Age agriculture was in the stage of "slash and burn" (south of the Western Han Dynasty); Textile technology is budding, and the textile raw materials are hemp, kudzu and silk; Both bronze and pottery have appeared. The Xia Dynasty was founded 5000 years ago. The hereditary system of the throne (abdication system) was established, and the Shang Dynasty was established in 2070 BC. Oracle Bone Inscriptions; Simuwu Dafang Ding; From the middle of Shang Dynasty to the end of Eastern Han Dynasty, pottery became porcelain. The Western Zhou Dynasty was established in 65438 BC+0600 BC (feudal system, patriarchal clan system and well field system were implemented); Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties were the bronze age of China. In 65438 BC+0046 BC, Pingdong moved eastward, and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty began. The Eastern Zhou Dynasty is divided into two stages: the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. In 770 BC and 753 BC, Guan Zhong of the State of Qi "declined", in 685 BC and 632 BC, Lu implemented the "first tax mu", and Confucius was born in 594 BC. Benevolence, courtesy, moderation and rule by virtue; Private schools; There is no class in teaching; Six Classics was compiled in 55 BC1Late Spring and Autumn Period, and artificial smelting of iron was produced (Lingtai, Gansu); Iron tools and Niu Geng began to appear; Private ownership of land sprouted (that is, Guan Zhong of Qi State "declined everywhere" and Lu State implemented "initial tax mu"). The warring States period began in 509 BC, 506 BC and 500 BC. (to 22 BC1) a hundred schools of thought contend; Steel (Yixian County, Hebei Province) and Sina appeared; During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, our people had the knowledge of gunpowder raw materials (sulfur and saltpeter). Li Kui reformed Wei in 475 BC and 449 BC. At the beginning of the 4th century, Qin began to carry out some reforms. In 384 BC, Qin Xiaogong ascended the throne, and Shang Yang's political reform began, proposing that "if the world is treated differently, the country will be illegal". Implement the policy of private ownership of land, centralization, emphasizing agriculture and restraining business; Li Bing, Shu Shou of Qin State, built Dujiangyan; In 356 BC, Qin Huiwen ascended the throne and Shang Yang was divided. Ying Zheng, king of Qin, acceded to the throne in 338 BC; In 246 BC, when Zheng established Zheng Guoqu, Qin wiped out six countries. Han, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan, Qi) unified the Qin Dynasty (autocratic centralization, currency, seal script, weights and measures, burning books and burying Confucianism) in 230 BC; Official script appeared emperor system, county system, three public and nine metric system. In 22 1 year BC, Meng Tian, the general of the Qin Dynasty, attacked the Xiongnu in the north, sealed the Hetao, built the Great Wall and built a "straight road". Around this time, he opened the Lingqu again and conquered Lingnan. Xiuwuchi Road and conquer the southwest. On 2 15 BC, the Qin Dynasty perished and the Western Han Dynasty was founded in 207 BC. During the Western Han Dynasty, Niu Geng gradually spread all over the country, and iron farm tools such as sickles and hoes appeared. There are "wells and canals" in Guanzhong; Cotton and wool become textile raw materials; Silk weaving represents plain yarn clothing; Ironmaking with coal and blowing with leather bags; Qin and Han dynasties strictly managed the "city";

During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (former 140- former 86), he admired Confucianism and founded imperial academy. Dong Zhongshu's rise of neo-Confucianism; Appear in italics. Paper appears. Chinese and foreign dynasty system, Shangshu province system, procuratorial system and the opening of the Silk Road.

The Western Han Dynasty perished in 202 BC and 27 BC. Wang Mang established the "new" dynasty of the Eastern Han Dynasty in the 9th century. Two cows lift the bar and turn it into a cow-drawn plow; Wang Jingzhi Yellow River; Nanyang satrap Du invented water exhaust blast; In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, celadon and white porcelain appeared. Cai Lun improved papermaking. 105 The demise of the Eastern Han Dynasty.

During the Three Kingdoms period, 220 Western Jin Dynasties were unified and 266,300 Western Jin Dynasties perished.

The Sixteen Countries of the Eastern Jin Dynasty began (the Nine-grade Zheng Zhi system began to appear) 3 16 The Eastern Jin Ge Hong's Bao Puzi mentioned "gunpowder"; Wang Xizhi, a "book saint", began in 395. The method of casting steel and the emergence of the grass market 420 Northern Wei unified the Yellow River valley 439 Feng Taihou, Emperor Xiaowen reformed (to 499)47 1 476 Emperor Xiaowen moved the capital to Luoyang 495 Sui Dynasty unified. Create three provinces and six departments, the imperial examination system 589

The Tang Dynasty was founded in 600. Qu Yuanli appeared; From the Northern Wei Dynasty to the early Tang Dynasty, the land equalization system was implemented; Colored porcelain appears; Grass market and night market are prosperous; Rocket launcher; 6 18 Songtsan Gambo builds Potala Palace. 643 The world's earliest block-printed Diamond Sutra

The Tang Dynasty perished in 868. Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Liao, Song, Xia, Jin and Meng split.

In 907, the Northern Song Dynasty was partially unified; "city" breaks through time and space restrictions; Compass appears for navigation; Bi Sheng invented movable type printing; Five famous kilns in Tang and Song Dynasties: Ding, Jun, Jing, Long and Kiln;

The Northern Song Dynasty perished in 960 (the change of Jingkang) and the Southern Song Dynasty was established. During the Song and Ming Dynasties, with the establishment of 1 127 yuan (provincial system), Neo-Confucianism and Mind Science rose one after another; Blue and white porcelain appeared.

127 1 The Southern Song Dynasty perished and the Yuan Dynasty was unified.

1276 1300 Yuan Dynasty perished. The Ming dynasty was established. (Mao abolished the prime minister and set up a cabinet system) Capitalism sprouted, the policy of 1368 was banned, and the Forbidden City (19 12 was later called the Forbidden City) was built after seizing power. Ming Chengzu moved the capital from Nanjing to Beijing. Business gangs and guild halls appear; The policy of banning the sea was implemented. 149815171915291541Portuguese occupation of Macao1553158.

162416281640 Ming Dynasty perished; The Qing army entered Shanhaiguan and Shunzhi ascended the throne as the four great thinkers in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Kunqu opera came into being; Shanxi merchants and Huizhou merchants appeared in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties 1644, and Russia invaded the Heilongjiang river basin164916551652165316581658/. During the Kangxi period, pastel porcelain was invented. 16 1 Zheng successfully recovered Taiwan Province province 1662 put down the San Francisco rebellion168/Shi Lang recovered Taiwan Province province 1683 established the Taiwan Province government. Belonging to Fujian 1684, jaxa 1685, JAXA168616871688, the first Sino-Russian border treaty "Nebuchadnezzar Chu Treaty" Kangxi began to pacify Galdin for the first time (to/KLOC-. 706838+0775177617771782178317851786/kloc-0. 792 1794 1795 1798 1804 1807 1065438。 +08 14 18 15 The First Bank of Shanxi "Rishengchang" was established182318251830183/kloc-0. China began to become a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, with the appearance of foreign clothes and robes, and the clothing changed. Western-style houses appeared 1840.