Speaking of Murong, we should know the history of Sanyan. "Sanyan" refers to the three local governments of Yan Qian, Houyan and Beiyan established by the Murong family in the northern part of the Eastern Jin Dynasty during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. They all took Longcheng (now Chaoyang, Liaoning) as their capital or capital, which lasted for a hundred years and created the splendid "Sanyan Culture" in the history of Chaoyang. Therefore, Chaoyang is also called "Dragon City" and "Sanyan Old Capital", and the culture of this period is called "Sanyan Culture".
First, the history of three swallows
(A) Murong Xianbei before the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC)
Murong Xianbei is a descendant of Donghu people. Donghu is an ancient ethnic group that has been active in the northeast of China since ancient times. During the Warring States Period, Donghu lived in the northeast of Yan State, which is now Chifeng in Inner Mongolia, Chaoyang in Liaoning and its surrounding areas. During the Yan Zhaowang period, General Qin Kai led an army to attack East Lake, which was defeated and retreated thousands of miles to the north. This is the famous "but Hu" in history. Yan set up five counties in the East Lake residential area: Shanggu, Yuyang, Youbeiping, Liaoxi and Liaodong, and built the Great Wall along the border. Chaoyang area belongs to Youbeiping County and Liaoxi County.
Donghu people later developed into Wuhuan and Xianbei tribes. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were two tribes, Wuhuan and Xianbei, who lived in the northeastern and northern border counties. Xianbei nationality was later divided into Murong, Yuwen and Duan. In 207 AD, after Cao Cao pacified Wuhuan in Liucheng County, western Liaoning, Mo, the leader of Murong Xianbei, took the opportunity to lead an army into western Liaoning. In 238 AD, Wei Sima Yi crusaded against Gongsun Yuan, the separatist regime in Liaodong, and Mozi Hu Bangzi led his troops to take part in the crusade against Liaodong. After the Gongsun family was destroyed in Liaodong, the Cao Wei regime made Mo the righteous king, and Mo began to settle in the north of Daji City. After Mo's death, after his son, Sun Shegui and several generations of leaders, Mu Rongchui, the son of Shegui, was later appointed as the leader. Another son, Tuguhun, who participated in the reunification, led troops to Qinghai, Gansu Province, and established Tuguhun Country.
Mu Rongchui is an accomplished politician. After he succeeded to the throne, he led the troops to move back to western Liaoning in 238 AD and lived in Castle Peak of Tuhe River. In 2 94 AD, he made Dajicheng his capital. Since the Warring States Period, the Han culture in western Liaoning has been in a dominant position and is the throat of Northeast China and North China. The large and small Linghe River basins are fertile and rich in resources, which are suitable for agriculture and animal husbandry. It is of great significance for Murong Xianbei to establish political power based on western Liaoning and compete for the Central Plains.
After living in western Liaoning, Murong Xianbei constantly absorbed the factors of Chinese culture and gradually transformed the nomadic economy into a settled agricultural economy. The advanced ideology and culture of the Central Plains, agricultural production technology and currency, daily necessities, production tools and weapons were also introduced to western Liaoning for its use, thus accelerating the sinicization process of Murong Xianbei. In order to escape the war, a large number of refugees and Han intellectuals who could not survive in the Central Plains flocked to western Liaoning. They were respected by Mu Rongchui and became guests. They made suggestions for Mu Rongchui, formulated laws and regulations, and founded schools, which laid the foundation for the establishment of the former Yan State.
② Yan Qian (AD 337-370)
In 333 AD, Murong Hui died. His third son, Murong Mian, was the general of Pingbei and the commander-in-chief of Murong Xianbei, the secretariat of Pingzhou. In 3 3 7 AD, Murong Mian became king, taking Yan, the capital of Spine City, as the former name of Yan.
In 34 1 year, Murong Mu sent Yu Yang and Tang Zhu to build the Dragon City in the north of Liucheng and west of Longshan. In 342 AD, Murong Mu moved the capital from Ji Cheng to Longcheng. Emperor Cheng of the Eastern Jin Dynasty sent envoys and officially recognized Murong Mu as the King of Yan.
After several years of fierce fighting, Murong Mu wiped out Duan Xianbei and Yuwen Xianbei, made Fuyu and Goguryeo bow to their knees, greatly expanded the sphere of influence of Yan Qian regime and became the overlord of Northeast China.
In 348 AD, Murong Mu died of illness and Ziyou succeeded to the throne. Murong Yi is "well-read and proficient in civil and military affairs." Murong Miao took Ran Min to destroy the chaos of Zhao and Ji, led the army south, captured it, and built Ji as its capital. In 352 AD, Yecheng, the capital of Ran Min, was occupied by Murong Mu, and Wei Ran died. Murong Yu officially called the Emperor in Ji Cheng and placed hundreds of officials in the department. Ji Cheng is in the southwest of Beijing now. Therefore, the first person in history to build a capital in Beijing as an emperor was Qian Yan Murong Miao.
Yan Qian regime has become a powerful regime with the East Jin across the river in the south, the former Qin dynasty in the west, the northeast as the rear area and North China as the leading force.
In 357 AD, Murong Di moved the capital from Ji Cheng to Yecheng. In 360 AD, Mu Rongchui died and zhong ren succeeded to the throne.
In 370 AD, Fu Jian and Wang Meng of the former Qin Dynasty led an army to besiege Yecheng. Murong Yong led the civil and military officials out of the city to surrender to the state of Qin, and Qianyan perished. The former Qin Dynasty established Pingzhou in his hometown, thinking that Pingzhou was the secretariat of history and was in charge of the corps commander, town and dragon (Dragon City) of Xianbei.
③ Houyan (AD 386-407)
In 383 AD, Fu Jian, the former Qin Dynasty, lost in the Battle of Feishui, and those Murong Xianbei nobles who surrendered to the former Qin Dynasty took the opportunity to rise up and restore the country. In 386 AD, Mu Rongchui proclaimed himself emperor, established officials, established a prince, and made Zhongshan his capital. According to reports, there are three States: You, Ji and Ping, which are now Hebei and western Liaoning.
In 397 AD, Hou Yan Murong Bao was defeated by Tuoba GUI in the Central Plains, unable to gain a foothold, and moved the capital back to Longcheng.
When Murong Xi was Emperor Hou Yan, he lived a dissolute and luxurious life. In 407 AD, Feng Ba and Gao Yun took advantage of Murong Xi's funeral to kill Murong Xi and Li Wang. After Yan died.
④ Northern Yan (407-436 AD)
In 407 AD, Feng Ba and Gao Yun took advantage of Murong Xi's funeral to kill Murong Xi and Li Wang.
In 409 AD, Gao Yun was killed by his captive minions Liu Gong and peach kernel. After Gao Yun was killed, Ba was made king, with the title of Yan, Jianyuan Taiping and Longcheng as its capital.
After Feng Ba succeeded to the throne, he learned the lesson of Hou Yan's national subjugation and adopted some measures conducive to social stability and development, so that the national strength of Beiyan was restored and the regime was relatively stable.
After Feng Ba's death, his younger brother Hong Feng killed Prince Feng Yi and made himself king. In April 436, the Northern Wei sent generals Gu Bi and E Qing to attack. Wei Jun defeated the White Wolf and arrived in Longcheng. Shangshu ordered Guo Sheng to open the gate to attract Wei Jun. At this time, Koguryo reinforcements also arrived in Liuzhou, and flood peaks and households in Liuzhou followed Koguryo's army eastward. Koguryo's army looted the library in Longcheng and set fire to the palace in Longcheng. Beiyan perished. After arriving in Liaodong, Hongfeng was placed in Pingguo and killed by Koguryo two years later.
From 342 AD, Murong Mu moved the capital from Spine City to Longcheng, and in 436 AD, Beiyan was destroyed by the Northern Wei Dynasty. Except the former Qin Dynasty, it occupied 15 years. The Sanyan Dynasty took Longcheng as its capital or stayed here for about 80 years.
(5) Murong Xianbei's last three words
After the Northern Yan destroyed the country, Tuoba GUI moved a large number of Xianbei Murong and Han people under the rule of Yan State to Hebei, Shanxi and other Central Plains areas at the same time. Millions of Murong nobles and ordinary people in Xianbei changed their names or surnames to save their lives, or fled to distant places, or drowned and melted among the people of all ethnic groups in the Central Plains. The once prosperous Dragon City suddenly deserted. The vast area of western Liaoning with Longcheng as the center has gradually become unknown. The Sanyan culture created by Mr. Murong Xianbei, who was once prosperous, also disappeared with the demise of Yan State, Mr. Murong's escape and the passage of time.
Second, the ins and outs of "Murong"
(A) the origin of "Murong"
"Murong" is not only the name of Murong tribe in Xianbei, but also the surname. So, how did Mr. Murong come from?
Jin Murong Hui Ji Shu said that his great-grandfather Mo Hupo (Wei Chu), "When Yan was in the state, Mo Hupo saw many crowns and shook them step by step, which was called stepping and attacking the crown. The ministries called it stepping, and then the sound was not correct, so it was called Murong Yan." That is to say, at that time, it was popular for Han people in the north to wear a rocking crown (a kind of hat for hanging ornaments). Mo Hupo liked it when she saw it, and made one to wear on her head all day. When Xianbei people saw his dress, they all called him "Step Shake". Because the local language "Buyao" is similar to "Murong", it later became "Murong". From Segui Murong (? -283), they simply take "Murong" as the name and surname of the tribe. In the Western Jin Dynasty, Murong Hui, the son of Segui Murong, occupied Yanbei and Liaodong, calling himself Xianbei Khan, and his descendants officially took Murong as their surname.
But in fact, the title of "Murong" appeared earlier. According to the biography of the Three Kingdoms Shu Wei Xianbei, during the reign of Emperor Huan in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 146 ~ 167), Tan divided Xianbei into three parts: East, Middle and West, and Murong was among the "leaders" of Xianbei in the middle. But here? .
Hand crank originally refers to a kind of jewelry. Han Liuxi's interpretation of jewelry: "Step shake, there are beads hanging on it, step shake also." "Step shake" should be the original meaning of "step shake". During the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the word "step shake" frequently appeared in the literature, or it was called step shake, or it was called "step shake firewood" and "step shake flowers".
The walking animals discovered in China archaeology are mainly unearthed in the remains of Murong Xianbei, and a large number of them are ornaments on crowns or heads. First of all, two golden bouquets were unearthed from Yan's early tombs in front of Beipiaofang. Another kind of walking costume was unearthed from Feng Sufu's tomb in Beiyan (AD 4 15). It is a golden flower with six branches, which is commonly used by Murong Xianbei nobles in the literature to "walk the crown".
The pronunciations of "Murong" and "Don't" are far apart in China's pronunciation, so it is difficult for people to understand how "phonetic errors" occur. Strangely, in today's Japanese pronunciation, the ancient sounds of Murong (pronounced Buyao in Japanese) and Buyao (pronounced Houyao in Japanese) have been retained, which are very consistent. This provides another evidence from the perspective of folklore. How this ancient sound from northern China spread to Japan is a very meaningful new research topic.
(B) "Murong" surname evolution
Starting from Murong Hui, the Murong family of Xianbei in the four or five dynasties, in the northern land of China during the Sixteen Kingdoms period, fought in the south and founded the country, which influenced the historical process of China. However, since the Northern Yan was destroyed by the Northern Wei Dynasty, millions of Murong nobles and ordinary people in Xianbei changed their names and surnames in order to save their lives, and they merged with the people of all ethnic groups with the Han nationality as the main body. Most of them either take Mr. Murong's first word to change their surnames to Mu or Mu, or take the second word to change their surnames to Rong.
Just give me an example of changing my surname. In Song Dynasty, the surname of Mu, a female general in Yangmen, and the article "Textual Research" think that it is the phonetic change of the word "Murong". As an ancient Xianbei aristocrat, Murong has a long tradition of martial arts. Ouyang Xiu's "Epitaph of Yang Qi" wrote: "Yang Qi first married Mu Rong's family and Li's family." Yang Qi is Yang's cousin. Mr. Jian Bozan, a famous historian, once pointed out in the story with Yang Ye and his son that it is natural and possible for Yang Qi to marry Mr. Murong and Yang to marry Mr. Murong.
There are also a few people who still stick to their original surnames, such as Murong Baiyao, the secretariat of Qingzhou in the Northern Wei Dynasty, Murong Yanchao in the Five Dynasties and Ten Countries, Murong Zhaoyan in the Song Dynasty and so on.
In addition, some people have moved to other places collectively, even the national names have changed, and the surnames have nothing to do with the word "Murong". For example, some people think that Xibe and Tu are descendants of Murong Xianbei.
An important figure in Sanyan period.
(A) the former Yan characters
Mu Rongchui (269-333) was born in Changli, Ji Cheng. The Book of Jin called him "a young man with great ambition" and "heroic and generous". When Emperor Wu of Jin was crowned as the leader by the Ministry, he moved to Daji City. Recruiting refugees from the Central Plains and appointing Pei Ben, a Han Chinese, became stronger and stronger, so he established a separatist regime in Liaodong, but he still won the title of gold. When his grandson was emperor, Emperor Wu of posthumous title declared.
Murong Mian (297-348) was a native of Yan Guojun before the Sixteen Countries. He was in office from 333 to 348. Character is real, Murong Hui. "The Book of Jin" states that "Xiong Yi was skilled in studying astronomy through Confucian classics". Jianwu three years (337), claiming to be the prince. Constantly expanding the land, it became a powerful separatist regime in Northeast China, and later moved its capital to Longcheng (Chaoyang, Liaoning). Gentle, diligent in teaching, with more than a thousand students. Break Goguryeo, attack Fuyu, and destroy Xianbei Yuwen Department.
Murong Di (3 19 ~ 360) was originally named. He was in office from 348 to 360. The word Xuan Ying, Murong Zimu. The Book of Jin contains his "brilliant talents, extensive reading, literary skills and military skills". Death, succession Yan. After Wu Zhao, he invaded the Yellow River valley and destroyed Ran Min. In 352, he proclaimed himself emperor with the title of Yuan. After moving the capital to yecheng. Murong Di was the first person who proclaimed himself emperor in Beijing.
Murong Ke (? ~ 366) Yan Chen before sixteen countries. The word Gong Xuan, Murong Zimu. "Book of Jin" contains its "heroic spirit is serious, inexhaustible, and it is also important to manage the world." Since the expedition, it has been a long battle. Seal Taiyuan Wang Baizhong and record his ministers. Murong Di is dead. He resigned from the throne. Assisting Murong Yong to proclaim himself emperor.
(2) Postscript
Mu Rongchui (326 ~ 396) was the founder of the Sixteen Countries of Houyan. He was in office from 384 to 396. The word Ming Dow, Murong Zimu. The Book of Jin is unambiguous and inappropriate. "Have a nice trip." He was the king of Mr. Murong. Later, due to the exclusion of Mr. Murong, a teacher, he went to the former Qin Dynasty. Fu Jian was defeated and claimed to be the prince. After the revival, the Yan State destroyed Xiyan, and its national strength was greatly boosted. In 396, he led an army to attack the Northern Wei Dynasty and was defeated and died.
Murong Xi (385 ~ 407) was the late Yan Guojun. He ruled from 40L to 407. Yishou, word smell, Mu Rongchui son. He was the king of Hejian for the first time. After Murong Sheng ascended the throne, he became a servant of Shangshu, leading all the way. Recruit Goguryeo and Khitan, all of whom are brave champions. After Sheng's death, the empress dowager entered the palace and acceded to the throne for the sake of the country. In office, the policy of dividing Hu and Han was implemented. Build a great project, fight for several years, kill innocent people indiscriminately, and favor small traitors. After being killed by General Vomba and others, the country perished.
(3) Northern Yan characters
Gao Yun (? ~ 409 years)
The king of northern Yan. He was in office from 407 to 409. Zi Yuzi, also known as Murong Yun, is a Korean. "Book of Jin" states that "Shen Shen has a lot of money, but he speaks out, while people who are salty think he is stupid". Because of his strong martial arts, he was adopted by Murong Bao and given the surname Murong. Yu Lang the Stone Man. In the last years of Hou Yan, Murong Xi was politically violent and everyone was angry. General Feng Ba and others took the cloud as the main force and killed it. Cloud has no merit, and it is the main thing. After he ascended the throne, he was often afraid of himself and loved the guards of strong men. After being attacked from left to right.
Feng Ba (? ~ 430) Founder of Northern Rock. He was in office from 409 to 430. The word Wen Qi is from Changle Xindu (Jixian County, Hebei Province). In the Book of Jin, there is a record that "righteousness is more important than words, and being lenient with others". He used to be General Hou Yanzhong Wei. Murong Yan, the queen of Yan State, was cruel, so he killed Xi and pushed Gao Yun. Gao Yun was killed by a newly independent minister and established the Beiyan regime. When he was in office, he "encouraged farmers and mulberry farmers to be diligent in political affairs" and "economized on food and expenses and paid less taxes", which maintained the local public security situation for more than 20 years.
Flood peak (? ~ 438) Northern Yan Guojun. He was in office from 430 to 436. Word literacy. After Feng Ba's death, Hong killed his son and won the throne. During his reign, the imperial clan nibbled at each other and the national strength was weak. In the second year of Taiyan (436), Wei Jun attacked Yan, feared floods, burned Longcheng Palace and invaded Korea. Beiyan is dead. After being killed by Koryo.
Sisanyan Buddhism
(A) the former Yan Buddhism
During the Sixteen Countries Period of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the northern region was ruled by the "Five Lakes and Sixteen Countries" established by ethnic minorities such as Xiongnu, Xianbei, Xiongnu, Xi and Qiang. At that time, the society thought that Buddhism was "worshipping God" and that the Hu people should worship it. Therefore, most of these minority rulers believe in Buddhism and use Buddhism to strengthen their rule, so they strongly advocate it. Buddhism flourished in the north.
Buddhism in the northern region originated from the spread of Shamanism in the western regions in the post-Zhao period. At this time, Xianbei Murong occupied western Liaoning and moved its capital to Dajicheng. At this time, Murong of Xianbei took the lead in learning Buddhism among all ethnic groups in Northeast China and began to believe in Buddhism.
"Book of Jin Nine" records: "In the first year of Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 345), there were black dragons and white dragons, both of which were found in Longshan. I personally led a group of people to observe and walked more than 200 steps to the dragon. The sacrifice was too great, and the two dragons left after the first game. Junle, return to the palace, forgive its territory, call it the new palace dragon, and set up the Longxiang Buddhist temple on the mountain. " This shows that the former Yan rulers not only believed in Buddhism, but also built Buddhist temple buildings. Since then, Buddhism has spread to Koguryo, where Murong of Xianbei occupied Liaodong, so that Koguryo people began to believe in Buddhism. Buddhism gradually spread in the northeast.
Through literature search, there are only two Buddhist temples built in the Sixteen Kingdoms period in Northeast China, namely Ji 'an in Jilin and Phoenix Mountain in Chaoyang. Koguryo began to establish Xiaomen Temple and Yiweilin Temple in Maludo (now Ji 'an City, Jilin Province) in 375 AD, and the Historical Records of Longxiang Buddhist Temple in Phoenix Mountain in Chaoyang recorded it in 345 AD, 30 years earlier than Maludo Buddhist Temple. Therefore, Longxiang Buddhist Temple is by far the earliest Buddhist temple in Northeast China, which can be called the ancestral hall of Buddhism in Northeast China.
(2) Late Buddhism
After Yan's death, Fu King took monks as advisers and participated in military decision-making. Mu Rongchui often held dharma meetings, praying for Buddha's blessing, and left a poem for future generations: "Mr. Murong is worried about anger, burning incense for the Buddha's meeting".
Murong Xi, another king of Houyan, though dissolute and heartless, believed in Buddhism. After the death of his favorite concubine, Fu Shi, he asked the monks to chant for Fu Shi and dress Dai Xiao.
In 390 AD, the uprising team with the abbot as the emperor was killed from Peiping (now Zunhua East, Hebei Province) to Bailangcheng (now Huangdaoyingzi, Kazuo), which posed a serious threat to the Houyan regime and was later suppressed.
Due to the vigorous advocacy of the rulers, Buddhism spread widely in western Liaoning, and bureaucrats, nobles and ordinary people competed for faith. The influence of Buddhism has been expanding day by day and has penetrated into the political, military and social life of Yan State.
(3) Northern Yan Buddhism
During the Northern Yan period, monks came forth in large numbers and pagodas were built, with unprecedented pomp. In China's masterpiece Biography of Eminent Monks, seven eminent monks in the Northern Yan period and the early Northern Wei Dynasty were recorded. They have:
There is no end to going to India to learn from the scriptures (also known as fayong);
The disciples of Kumarajiva, a famous Buddhist translator, are Tan Wucheng and Tan Shun;
Interpretation of monks who are good at Buddhist sculpture;
Burn to support Buddha Tan Hong;
Jiankang (now Nanjing) qixia temple, the founder of the mountain, explained the law;
Jiankang Linggen Temple Stone.
In particular, there is no end. In 420 AD, he led 25 people, including Meng and others, to set out from Longcheng, traveled long distances and went through hardships, and went to India to retrieve a Sanskrit Guanyin Sutra and translate it into Chinese. It was widely circulated in the north and south, and was later included in the Tripitaka, which was read by the world. He will learn from his travels and experiences in western paradise and write a biography about this country. It's a pity that this book has long been lost. Tan Wuji's contribution to the history of Buddhism in China is not comparable to that of Fa Xian and Xuan Zang. However, he was the first person in China to learn from Western learning after Fa Xian, 207 years earlier than Tang Xuanzang, and made important contributions to the development of Buddhist culture in China and the cultural exchange between China and ancient times. He is a historical figure worthy of future generations' admiration and great writing.
In addition, the four eminent monks Tan Wucheng, Tan Shun, Quan Monks and testimonies are also figures that cannot be ignored in the history of Buddhism.
Buddhist temple architecture is a place where monks fast, recite scriptures and preach dharma, and it is the carrier of Buddhist culture. During the Sanyan period, a large number of Buddhist temple buildings were built, mainly distributed in Longcheng, Yandou and Longshan in the east of the city. Unfortunately, none of them lived to this day. Longshan has been built since Murong Muzhao built Longxiang Temple, and then it has been repaired and expanded one after another, forming a large Buddhist temple complex composed of many Buddhist temples. It is conceivable that there were many Shangta temples in Longshan at that time, with magnificent buildings and numerous believers, and Buddhism flourished. Tan Wuji and Tan Hong, the eminent monks mentioned earlier, were probably the abbots or wizards of Longxiang Temple at that time. As Tang Yongtong, a famous expert in Buddhist history, said, Longcheng, Yan Dou is "a place where the three treasures of Buddhism spread to the north flourish and an important source of Buddhism spread to the north". In contrast, in the northeast at that time, except for Koguryo's royal family who had long believed in Buddhism and built several Buddhist temples in Maludo, the capital, other places had not been rained.
5. Important archaeological discoveries in Sanyan period, represented by Yan Dou Longcheng.
(1) The discovery and research of Sanyan Tomb in the past half century.
Nearly half a century has passed since 1960, when the Brief Report on the Excavation of the Golden Tomb in Fangshen Village, beipiao city, Liaoning Province was published. The discovered Sanyan tombs include: the tomb of Feng Sufu in Beiyan, the tomb of Houyan, the mural tomb of Prince Yuan in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the tomb of No.1 in Babao Village, the mural tomb of Dapingfang Village, the tombs of No.1 and No.2 in Beimiao Village, the mural tomb of Danjiadian and the mural tomb of Jindaigoumen.
More importantly, the discovery of Feng's tomb with testable owner and Cui Shi's tomb with chronology provides an important basis for future related research. Especially in Lamadong Cemetery in Beipiao, * * * found 420 tombs of Sanyan period, covering an area of about 10000 square meters, which is the largest Sanyan cultural cemetery ever seen in northern China.
Su Bai was the first person to make a comprehensive study of it. He wrote an important paper "Xianbei Relics in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia-Collection of Xianbei Relics". Later, in 1987, Mr. Ji Xu published the Preliminary Investigation on the Remains of Murong Department in Xianbei. Gao Dong, who was the first to pay attention to and study Murong Xianbei's harness, wrote a paper on Comparative Study of Murong Xianbei's, Koguryo's, Korea's and Japan's harness. Both Sun Shoudao and Mr. Xu Bingkun have inspected the riding and shooting of nomadic people in the north. Others have studied Murong Xianbei's jinbu rocking ornaments, armored riding equipment and the evolution of pottery.
(2) Major archaeological discoveries in Longcheng, Yan Dou.
In recent years, in the archaeological work carried out in the old city of Chaoyang, the Sanyan ancient capital, the base site of Sanyan Dragon Palace under the North Pagoda, the Siyan Buddha map built by Feng Taihou in the Northern Wei Dynasty, the gate site of Sanyan Palace in the southeast of the North Pagoda, the north, east gate, west, east and north city walls of Liuzhou and a large number of relics have been discovered successively. It is of great academic value to study the history and culture of Sanyan and discuss the development of China's ancient capital and its influence on Korean and Japanese cultures. Therefore, it has aroused widespread concern in academic circles at home and abroad, and was once rated as one of the top ten new archaeological discoveries in China in 1995.
In addition, the site of the Wei-Jin architectural complex in the northwest of Jinling Temple Village, daban town, beipiao city, may be related to the historical event that Mohub, the ancestor of Murong Xianbei, was "founded in the north" when he entered western Liaoning from the Great Wall in the early years of Cao Wei, and it is also an important architectural relic of Sanyan.
The Longteng Garden built by Murong in 402 A.D. (say 403 A.D.) was investigated by the historian Mr. Zhu Zifang on the spot. It is speculated that the sites of "Dongtuanshanzi" and "Xituanshanzi" near Mu Zi Ying Village, 7 kilometers north of Chaoyang today, may be the Jingyunshan and palace architectural sites of Longteng Garden.
Sixth, the influence and significance of Sanyan culture.
Among the colorful cultural relics in Sanyan, the most national characteristics and research value are jinbu rocking ornaments and harness.
Jin Bu Yao Shi is an important costume unique to Murong Xianbei in western Liaoning. It is unique among the metal ornaments of ancient ethnic minorities in northern China, and it is one of the rare objects that have a far-reaching impact on Korea in the Three Kingdoms period and Japan in the ancient grave period except the harness. This kind of gold ornaments were found in the tombs of Xianbei before Yan Qian, which can almost be used as a sign to judge the early tombs of Murong Xianbei before the founding of the People's Republic of China.
Murong's harness system has now become one of the important contents of Sanyan culture research. On the eastward spread of Mu Rongchui's harness, the academic community generally believes that:
Mu Rongchui harness (from the end of 3rd century to the middle of 4th century)-Koguryo harness (from the middle of 4th century)-Korean peninsula harness (from 5th century)-Japanese archipelago harness (from 6th century). In other words, the harness in Northeast Asia originated from Murong's harness.
During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the riding culture of Murong Xianbei (i.e. Sanyan culture), represented by gold cloth ornaments and harness, spread to the Korean Peninsula and the Japanese archipelago through Longcheng, the intersection of the Silk Road in Hexi Corridor and the Silk Road in the Northern Grassland, and combined with the local culture, the riding culture developed and prospered in a wider area, occupying an extremely glorious page in the history of cultural exchange in Northeast Asia. This is also the reason why the study of Murong Xianbei and Sanyan culture has attracted the attention of scholars at home and abroad.
Judging from the history of China, the Murong family in Xianbei and the Sanyan local dynasty they established once played a very important role in the great integration of all ethnic groups and the development of history and culture in China. Yan Dou Dragon City occupies an important position in the ancient history of China, the history of capital development and the history of cultural exchanges between the East and the West.