Bruno
Bruno was a great thinker, natural scientist, philosopher and writer in the Italian Renaissance. He is an honest and upright scholar who gave his precious life to defend his theory.
1548, Bruno was born in a declining small aristocratic family in Nora near Naples, Italy. At the age of eleven, his parents sent him to a private humanities school in Naples. Later, Bruno entered the monastery of Domingo's Monk Group and became a full-fledged monk the following year. Ten years later, he received a doctorate in theology.
Bruno read a lot of "forbidden books", among which Copernicus's theory had the greatest influence. Attracted by Heliocentrism of Copernicus, he became interested in natural science and became suspicious of religious theology. He wrote some papers criticizing the Bible, and showed his aversion to Christian saints in his daily behavior.
Bruno's words and deeds angered the Vatican and he was excommunicated. But Bruno still sticks to his point of view and never wavers. In order to escape the trial, he left the monastery, fled to Rome and moved to Venice. Later, he crossed the Alps at an altitude of 4 thousand meters and went into exile in Switzerland. Since then, he has been to France, Germany and Britain and has been arrested many times. But he continued to publicize his worldview and wrote more than a dozen books criticizing the church.
Bruno widely publicized his new world outlook in Europe, which further aroused the fear of the Roman Inquisition. 1952, the Romans lured him back to China and arrested him. The church promised: "As long as you publicly give up Heliocentrism, you can avoid death and give you enough living expenses to live in your old age."
Bruno said, "Don't waste your energy. I won't lie to please the Pope. "
After eight years in prison, Bruno was burned to death at the stake in the Rome Flower Square. In the early morning of February 1600, the street leading to the Flower Square was crowded with people. Bruno was tied to a stake in the middle of the square. He solemnly announced to the onlookers: "Darkness is about to pass, dawn is coming, and truth will eventually overcome evil!" " Finally, he shouted: "Fire can't conquer me, and the future world will know me and know my value."
The executioner gagged him with a cork and lit the fire. Bruno died heroically in the raging fire. After Bruno's death, the Vatican was afraid that people would take away the ashes of this great thinker to commemorate him, so it hastily collected his ashes together with the soil and threw them into the Rupo River.
Later, with the development of science, Bruno's theory was proved to be correct. 1On June 9th, 889, a bronze statue was erected in the flower square where Bruno was martyred, in memory of this honest and brave great thinker, and his achievements will be remembered forever.
Grand pardon 2
Socrates was a famous philosopher in ancient Greece. He often wears a cloak with a pair of wooden shoes tied with straw ropes under his arm, and walks around the market in Athens to discuss philosophical issues with young people.
Later, the Athenians thought that he didn't believe in God and "poisoned" the youth, so they took him to the court in Athens. The elders of the court said to him, "As long as you admit that you made a mistake, we will save you from death."
Socrates said, "I just said what I really thought. I don't think I made a mistake. "
Later, he was put in prison, and his students bribed the prison guards to let Socrates out, but Socrates said, "I can't break the laws of Athens, I must abide by them honestly."
Before 339 BC, Socrates drank the poisoned wine according to the laws of Athens and died peacefully.