Forbidden City Gan Qing Palace
Gan Qing Palace is located at Gan Qing Gate, where "Gan Qing" symbolizes "Heaven" and "Qing" means "thoroughness", which means the stability of the country and the incorruptibility of the emperor. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Gan Qing Palace was the place where emperors lived and handled their daily affairs.
Gan Qing Palace was destroyed many times in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the Gan Qing Palace you see now was built in Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty. Gan Qing Palace, the main hall of the imperial palace, is located on a white marble pedestal, 9 meters long, 5 meters wide and 20 meters high. There is an emperor's throne in the center of the hall and nuange on both sides. There are bright rooms, east rooms and west rooms in the hall, which are connected with each other. It is reported that in order to expand the space of the main hall, the gold column in the Ming Dynasty was demolished and the beam structure was changed to a contracted column form. Just above the throne in the main hall, there is a plaque with four characters "fair and square" written by the emperor shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty. There is a "storage box" hidden behind the plaque. According to legend, in the Qing Dynasty, vassals fought fiercely for the throne. Since the Yongzheng dynasty, in order to ease the tension between the princes, the emperor did not disclose the name of the crown prince before his death, but wrote the name of the heir on the document, one of which was kept by the emperor and the other was placed in the "storage box".
In the hall of Gan Qing Palace, there are many couplets hanging, which the emperor used to alert himself. For example, Emperor Qianlong's calligraphy "Ke Kuan Ren Ke, the emperor built it extremely; Only the essence is exclusive, and the Tao accumulates in the bow ",which means being generous and kind to people and setting up various systems to make the country stable and upright;" "The way of governing the country and moral cultivation, we should concentrate on, rely on the supervision of others and their own efforts to accumulate.
Gan Qing Palace is the main hall of the imperial palace and one of the last three palaces. 9 rooms wide, 5 rooms deep, 20 meters high, double eaves, palace roof. There is a throne in the temple, and there are warm pavilions at both ends. Gan Qing Palace was built in the 18th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (1420). After several times of burning, it was rebuilt in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The existing building was built in the third year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (1798).
Gan Qing Palace was the place where the emperor handled daily affairs, reviewed various memorials and later received foreign envoys.
Gan Qing Palace is a yellow glazed tile double-eaved couch roof, which is located on a single-layer white marble platform. The corridor is 9 rooms wide and 5 rooms deep, with a building area of 1.400 m2. From the desktop to the roof, it is more than 20 meters high, and there are 9 spine beasts at the eaves. Under the eaves, the upper layer is tilted and tilted, and the lower layer is tilted and tilted. The studio in the hall is connected with the east and west, and the front eaves of the studio are lowered with gold pillars. The beam frame structure adopts the form of shrinking columns to expand the indoor space. There is a screen between the two gold pillars on the back eaves, a throne in front of the screen, a warm pavilion at the east and west ends, a fairy building at the back eaves, and halls at both ends, which can communicate with the Thai Hall and the Kunning Palace. This temple is paved with gold bricks. On the spacious platform in front of the temple, there are bronze turtles, bronze cranes, sundials and beams on the left and right. There are four gold-plated incense burners in front, which are 0 meters high and connected to Gan Qing Gate by Gaoyou Road.
Gan Qing Palace is the largest building in the Forbidden City. Fourteen emperors in Ming Dynasty and two emperors in Qing Dynasty, Shunzhi and Kangxi, used Gan Qing Palace as their living quarters, where they usually lived and handled their daily affairs. As the living quarters of Ming emperors, from Yongle Emperor Judy to Chongzhen Emperor Zhu Youjian, * * * 14 emperors once lived here. According to records, during Jiajing period, more than ten maids tried to strangle Emperor Jiajing while he was sleeping. After Renyin Palace was changed, Sejong moved to Xiyuan and dared not return to Gan Qing Palace. Taichang Li Qianfei's cases all happened in the palace. Before Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, the Ming system was followed here. During the period of Shunzhi and Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, Gan Qing Palace was closely related to government affairs. The emperor studied here, read the memorial, summoned, received foreign envoys, held imperial ceremonies and family banquets. After Yong Zhengdi moved to hall of mental cultivation, it became an important place for the emperor to summon courtiers, read the throne, handle daily affairs, meet ministers accompanying foreign vassal countries, accept congratulations when he was old, and hold banquets. Some daily offices, including the prince's study room, have also moved into the bedrooms around Gan Qing Palace, and the use function of Gan Qing Palace has been greatly enhanced.
Above the throne in the main hall of Gan Qing Palace hangs a plaque inscribed by the emperor shunzhi in Qing Dynasty, behind which is a "storage box" built by the secret crown prince. At that time, the infighting among governors for the throne was quite fierce. In order to alleviate this contradiction, since the Yongzheng dynasty, the secret storage method has been adopted, that is, the emperor unfairly secretly wrote down the documents of selecting the heir to the throne before the death of the Crown Prince, and one of them was placed beside the emperor; One copy is sealed in the storage box under construction and placed behind the board. After the death of the Emperor, Gu Ming's minister * * * took down the storage box, compared it with a copy hidden by the Emperor, and announced the heir to the throne after verification. Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang and Xianfeng all ascended the throne according to this system. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, because Emperor Xianfeng had only one son, Emperor Tongzhi and Emperor Guangxu had no sons, this method of secret storage lost its meaning.
Brief introduction of Gan Qing Palace
Gan Qing Palace, one of the three largest palaces next to the Forbidden City, is located in the Palace Museum at No.4 Jingshan Front Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing. Founded in the 18th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (1420), it was rebuilt in Ming and Qing Dynasties after several burns. The existing building was built in the third year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (1798). The building covers an area of about 1400 square meters.
Gan Qing Palace is the roof of a yellow glazed tile double-eaved palace, which is located on a single marble pedestal. The corridor is 9 rooms wide and 5 rooms deep, and the height from the desktop to the main ridge is more than 20 meters. Inside the temple, the lamp room communicates with the east and west rooms. There is a screen between the two gold pillars on the back eaves, a throne in front of the screen, and a "fair and bright" plaque hanging above the throne. There are warm pavilions at the east and west ends, and a fairy building on the front eaves. No matter from the scale and shape of the building; Big wood is of excellent material and reasonable structural design; Deliberately depict the color painting grade, decorative features, color application, process techniques, etc., and adopt the highest grade. It is unique and irreplaceable, regardless of its historical value, artistic value or architectural value.
On July 2, 2065438, the Forbidden City, including Gan Qing Palace, was approved by the State Council as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units.
Architectural model
structure
Gan Qing Palace is a yellow glazed tile double-eaved couch roof, which is located on a single-layer white marble platform. The corridor is 9 rooms wide and 5 rooms deep, with a building area of 1.400 m2. From the desktop to the roof, it is more than 20 meters high, and there are 9 spine beasts at the eaves. Under the eaves, the upper layer is tilted and tilted, and the lower layer is tilted and tilted. The studio in the hall is connected with the east and west, and the front eaves of the studio are lowered with gold pillars. The beam frame structure adopts the form of shrinking columns to expand the indoor space. There are warm pavilions at the east and west ends, a fairy building at the back eaves, and halls at both ends, which can connect Jiaotai Hall and Kunning Palace. This temple is paved with gold bricks. On the spacious platform in front of the temple, there are bronze turtles, bronze cranes, sundials and fine scales on the left and right. There are four gold-plated incense burners in front of the temple, which are connected to Gan Qing Gate by Gaoyou Road.
trait
The Rijingmen and Yuehuamen on the east and west sides of Gan Qing Palace represent the sun and the moon, respectively, and are juxtaposed as two alleys, the sixth house in the east and the sixth house in the west, and the * * * is the zodiac, which is where empresses live. It represents twelve stars, just like the stars that guard it. In feudal society, heaven was regarded as the master of all things, and the emperor was the "real dragon son of heaven" and "ordered by heaven". Therefore, the layout of Gan Qing Palace was strictly in accordance with the concept of theocracy, highlighting the word "heaven" and representing the sacredness and majesty of the son of heaven. In front of the temple, there is a high platform aisle, and the white marble railing extends to Gan Qing Gate. There are two bronze turtles, two bronze cranes, a sundial, a Jialiang and four Baoding on the terrace. Copper turtles and cranes are commonly used animal decorations in ancient auspicious patterns, meaning endless life. Coffins are used to measure time, and Jialiang is the standard for measuring volume in ancient times. His Majesty Dong Xidan has two stone platforms, and there is a bronze gilded pavilion on the stone platform, which symbolizes that the emperor is the only possessor and supreme ruler of the country and land, and shows the supreme authority of the feudal emperor.
In Gan Qing's palace, two dragons play with beads carved by Jin Fei; Inside and outside the temple, the colorful paintings of gilded Ssangyong and the dragon round case on the ceiling are vivid. The ground is paved with gold bricks, the bricks are ground, and tung oil is applied. The layout of the temple is basically in accordance with the original layout during the Qianlong period. In the center is a square platform with a golden throne of Qi Diao Dragon and a golden screen of Qi Diao Dragon symbolizing imperial power. In front of the throne, there are pulp ends, cranes and incense sticks. There are four bronze enamel incense burners burning sandalwood in front of the stage, which are placed on several hardwood shelves. There are astronomical instruments, Yi wares and other items on the east-west frame. Before and after the platform, there are four tall red sandalwood carved dragon mirrors, which are finely carved and vividly composed. They were made in Guangxu period. There is also a big dragon cabinet in the temple, which contains jade records and records. In the center of the hall hangs a plaque inscribed by the emperor shunzhi, which is "fair and square". During the Qianlong period, there were records, jade seals, precious seals and stone drums in the temple.