At best, Zhuge Liang is only the prime minister of the separatist regime and a very talented politician. However, Zhuge Liang's influence was basically confined to Shu, and Zhuge Liang also made many northern expeditions, but basically did not hurt Wei's bones and muscles. Moreover, Zhuge Liang did not have much creative influence, but just followed the policies of his predecessors. Therefore, Zhuge Liang's influence is very limited, and Zhuge Liang's influence on historical trends is even smaller. If we have to talk about Zhuge Liang's influence on the historical trend, we can only talk about the influence of Longzhong Dui on the three-point world. But "three points in the world" is only an episode between Han and Jin dynasties. Generally speaking, the historical process of China is still on the established track.
Sean's greatest achievement was to help Liu Bang establish the Han Dynasty. It goes without saying that the Han Dynasty is of great significance to the historical process of China. After the Han Dynasty, nouns such as Han, Han, Han and Chinese characters gradually appeared. Some aspects of politics, economy and culture in Han Dynasty also influenced the process of later generations. For example, to oust a hundred schools of thought directly made Confucianism the official ideology of the feudal dynasty in China.
The Han Dynasty had a great influence on the historical trend, but Sean was not the most important contributor to the establishment of the Han Dynasty. The great influence of the Han Dynasty on the historical trend of China was the result of the concerted efforts of many emperors, generals and people Qi Xin in the Han Dynasty, and Sean was only one of them. Sean also has no breakthrough policies and measures. Among them, the influence of Shang Yang transcended the limitation of time and space, and had a great influence on the history of China, and also directly or indirectly influenced the trend of ancient history of China.
Let's see why I personally think that Shang Yang made such a great contribution to the ancient history of China.
Shang Yang's greatest achievement is Shang Yang's political reform. Some measures of Shang Yang's political reform directly strengthened the backward Qin State, and the history after Qin State basically followed the route planned by Shang Yang. Let's take a look at the specific impact of Shang Yang's political reform. Shang Yang's political reform was divided into two periods. Let's put them together.
1, reform the household registration system and implement the method of sitting together; 2. Reward the military and abolish the system of stone clearing and stone work; 3. Reward agricultural weaving, emphasize agriculture and restrain business; 4. Reform the legal system; 5. Reform the social atmosphere, prohibit private fighting and encourage the courage of public fighting; 6, abandoned mining buildings, the implementation of private land system; 7. Implement the county system; 8. Reform the tax system; 9. Unified measurement; 10, burning poems and making a decree, forbidding people to visit officials; 1 1, social atmosphere, encouraging the formation of small families, prohibiting people from being in the same room with their father and son.
The main contents of Shang Yang's political reform had an important influence on Qin at that time, which gradually transformed Qin from a small country in the western border to a big country in the Central Plains. Shang Yang organized the limited land and population of Qin effectively, which made the political and military efficiency of Qin extremely high. Qin gradually developed and strengthened when its land area and population were not as good as Chu's, its economic strength was not as good as Qi's and its culture was not as good as Shandong's, and finally it unified the six countries.
Qin unified the six countries, which laid the foundation for China's multi-ethnic unified country, and unification became the general trend of China's historical development. With the unification of Qin Dynasty, many contents of Shang Yang's political reform became the main blueprint for China's ancient dynasties to govern the country. Shang Yang's political reform laid the foundation for the unification of Qin, and the main contents and thoughts of Shang Yang's political reform gradually influenced the historical trend of China with the unification of Qin.
Although Shang Yang didn't explicitly put forward autocratic centralization, all the measures of Shang Yang's political reform were implementing autocratic centralization. In fact, Shang Yang's abolition of the stone clearing system, the implementation of the county system and the implementation of the feudal rule of law are all concrete manifestations of authoritarian centralization. After Qin Shihuang unified China, he explicitly proposed to establish autocratic centralization. Authoritarianism centralization became the political blueprint of China feudal dynasty after Qin Dynasty. The feudal rulers of past dynasties tried their best to maintain the centralization of absolutism.
For example, weakening the power of the prime minister through the system of three provinces and six departments, Zhu Yuanzhang abolishing the prime minister system, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty implementing the state, county and county system, and the Yuan Dynasty implementing the provincial system are all concrete manifestations of consolidating autocratic centralization. Among them, the implementation of the county system has a great influence on the historical process of China. After Shang Yang implemented the county system, later generations implemented the county system on the basis of the county system, which influenced the local political system of China for more than two thousand years. To some extent, it is not an exaggeration for the county system to influence the historical trend. However, with the gradual rigidity of autocratic centralization, China's modernization process was restricted, which became an important reason for the backwardness of the Qing Dynasty.
Shang Yang gradually integrated the unified thought into the hearts of China people. Shang Yang's policy of unifying laws and decrees in unified measurement and Qin, which was later unified by Qin in China, pushed Shang Yang's unification in Qin to the whole of China. In ancient China, the units of measurement, weight and weight moved from diversity to unity. The unification of all aspects laid the foundation for the economic and political development in ancient China.
Shang Yang vigorously promoted the feudal thought of rule of law in Qin State, and Shang Yang's thought of rule of law became the main thought of China feudal dynasty. In ancient China, feudal rulers of past dynasties vigorously promoted the rule of law. After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ousted a hundred schools of thought and respected Confucianism alone, although Confucianism became the dominant ideology, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty has been promoting a set of thoughts of Legalists, which only put a coat of Confucianism on Legalists' thoughts, which is what we usually call "Confucianism showing the law". The feudal rulers in ancient China basically adopted the way of combining the rule of law with Confucianism.
Shang Yang's thought of attaching importance to agriculture and restraining business also influenced the later feudal dynasty. Except for a few dynasties, the ancient feudal dynasties in China basically strictly followed the idea of attaching importance to agriculture and restraining commerce. The thought of attaching importance to agriculture and restraining commerce became an important thought of China's ancient agriculture. On the one hand, the thought of attaching importance to agriculture and restraining commerce stabilized the ancient feudal dynasty in China and laid an important foundation for the prosperity of the feudal dynasty. On the other hand, the thought of attaching importance to agriculture and restraining commerce led to serious land annexation, centralized land and bankruptcy of a large number of farmers, which caused serious class contradictions. After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the thought of attaching importance to agriculture and restraining business gradually became an obstacle to the budding development of capitalism and an important ideological source of backwardness in modern China.
In fact, Shang Yang's reform measures, such as abandoning mining fields to open up new roads, reforming the tax system, and abolishing the stone clearing system, are actually abolishing slavery and vigorously developing the feudal system. The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period is an important period of social transformation in ancient China, and it is also an important period of the transformation from ancient slave society to ancient feudal system. Shang Yang's political reform adapted to this historical trend and greatly accelerated this process. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, no country completely abolished slavery and promoted feudalism like Qin. After Shang Yang's political reform, Qin completed the transition from slavery to feudalism. Feudalism lasted for two thousand years.
The influence of Shang Yang's political reform on Qin State and the times was various, and the content and influence of Shang Yang's political reform influenced the ancient China society which was unified by the six countries of Qin. Of course, it also changed the course of China's ancient history to a great extent. Without Shang Yang's political reform, China's ancient history might have gone in another direction.