Composite material is a material with new properties, which is composed of two or more materials with different properties by physical or chemical methods. All kinds of materials complement each other in performance, resulting in synergistic effect, which makes the comprehensive performance of composite materials superior to raw materials and meets various requirements. The matrix materials of composite materials can be divided into two categories: metal and nonmetal. Commonly used metal substrates are aluminum, magnesium, copper, titanium and their alloys. Non-metallic matrix mainly includes synthetic resin, rubber, ceramics, graphite, carbon and so on. The reinforcing materials mainly include glass fiber, carbon fiber, boron fiber, aramid fiber, silicon carbide fiber, asbestos fiber, whisker, metal wire and hard particles.
A composite material is a mixture. Composite materials are divided into metal-to-metal composite materials, nonmetal-to-metal composite materials and nonmetal-to-nonmetal composite materials. According to its structural characteristics, it can be divided into: ① fiber composite materials. Various fiber reinforced materials are placed in the matrix material and compounded. Such as fiber-reinforced plastics, fiber-reinforced metals and the like. ② Sandwich composite material. It consists of surface materials and core materials with different properties. Usually, the surface material is high in strength and thin; The core material is light in weight and low in strength, but it has a certain stiffness and thickness. It can be divided into solid interlayer and honeycomb interlayer. ③ Fine-grained composites. Hard fine particles are uniformly distributed in the matrix, such as dispersion strengthened alloy and cermet. ④ Hybrid composite materials. It consists of two or more reinforced phase materials mixed in the matrix phase material. Compared with ordinary single reinforced composite materials, its impact strength, fatigue strength and fracture toughness are significantly improved, and it has special thermal expansion properties. It can be divided into intralayer hybrid, interlayer hybrid, interlayer hybrid, intralayer/interlayer hybrid and super hybrid composites.
The forming methods of composite materials are different according to the different matrix materials. There are many molding methods of resin-based composite materials, such as hand-paste molding, spray molding, fiber winding molding, compression molding, pultrusion molding, RTM molding, autoclave molding, diaphragm molding, migration to composite cable bracket type, reactive injection molding, flexible film expansion molding, stamping molding and so on. The forming methods of metal matrix composites are divided into solid phase forming method and liquid phase forming method. The former is formed by applying pressure below the melting point of the matrix, including diffusion welding, powder metallurgy, hot rolling, hot stretching, hot isostatic pressing and explosive welding. The latter is to melt and fill the matrix into reinforced materials, including traditional casting, vacuum suction casting, vacuum back pressure casting, extrusion casting and spray casting. The molding methods of ceramic matrix composites mainly include solid state sintering, chemical vapor infiltration molding, chemical vapor deposition molding and so on.
The main application fields of composite materials are: ① aerospace field. Because of its good thermal stability and high specific strength and stiffness, composite materials can be used to manufacture aircraft wings and forefuselage, satellite antenna and its supporting structure, solar cell wings and shells, large launch vehicle verton composite shell, engine shell, space shuttle structural parts and so on. ② Automobile industry. Composite materials have special vibration reduction characteristics, can reduce vibration and noise, have good fatigue resistance, are easy to repair after damage, and are convenient for integral molding, so they can be used to manufacture automobile bodies, stress components, transmission shafts, engine mounts and their internal components. ③ Chemical industry, textile and machinery manufacturing. Materials composed of carbon fiber and resin matrix with good corrosion resistance can be used to manufacture chemical equipment, textile machinery, paper-making machinery, photocopiers, high-speed machine tools, precision instruments and so on. 4 medical field. Carbon fiber composites have excellent mechanical properties and do not absorb X-rays, which can be used to manufacture medical X-ray machines and orthopedic stents. Carbon fiber composites also have biocompatibility and blood compatibility, and have good stability in biological environment, and are also used as biomedical materials. In addition, composite materials are also used to manufacture sports equipment and building materials.
Question 2: What does composite material mean? Composite materials are mechanical engineering materials composed of two or more different materials. Various component materials can learn from each other's strong points in performance, resulting in synergistic effect, so that the comprehensive performance of composite materials is better than the original component materials, thus meeting various requirements.
Question 3: What are functional materials? What is a composite material? (2) Functional materials refer to high-tech materials with excellent electrical, magnetic, optical, thermal, acoustic, mechanical, chemical and biomedical functions, as well as special physical, chemical and biological effects, and can complete the mutual transformation of functions. It is mainly used to manufacture various functional parts and is widely used in various high-tech fields.
(3) Composite materials are the combination of two or more different materials. Macroscopically, materials with new properties are synthesized by physical or chemical methods. Various materials complement each other in performance, resulting in synergistic effect, so that the composite material not only retains the characteristics of the original component materials, but also has the characteristics that the original single component materials can not obtain or are better.
Question 4: What is composite material? What are the uses? Composite material is a kind of material with new properties, which is composed of two or more materials with different properties by physical or chemical methods. All kinds of materials complement each other in performance, resulting in synergistic effect, which makes the comprehensive performance of composite materials superior to raw materials and meets various requirements.
Classification of composite materials: the matrix materials of composite materials are divided into two categories: metal and nonmetal.
Commonly used metal substrates are aluminum, magnesium, copper, titanium and their alloys.
Non-metallic matrix mainly includes synthetic resin, rubber, ceramics, graphite, carbon and so on.
The reinforcing materials mainly include glass fiber, carbon fiber, boron fiber, aramid fiber, silicon carbide fiber, asbestos fiber, whisker, metal wire and hard particles. The main application fields of composite materials are: 1. Aerospace field. Because of its good thermal stability and high specific strength and stiffness, composite materials can be used to manufacture aircraft wings and forefuselage, satellite antenna and its supporting structure, solar cell wings and shells, large launch vehicle shells, engine shells, space shuttle structural parts and so on. 2. Automobile industry. Composite materials have special vibration reduction characteristics, can reduce vibration and noise, have good fatigue resistance, are easy to repair after damage, and are convenient for integral molding, so they can be used to manufacture automobile bodies, stress components, transmission shafts, engine mounts and their internal components. 3. Chemical industry, textile and machinery manufacturing. Materials composed of carbon fiber and resin matrix with good corrosion resistance can be used to manufacture chemical equipment, textile machinery, paper-making machinery, photocopiers, high-speed machine tools, precision instruments and so on. 4. Medical field. Carbon fiber composites have excellent mechanical properties and do not absorb X-rays, which can be used to manufacture medical X-ray machines and orthopedic stents. Carbon fiber composites also have biocompatibility and blood compatibility, and have good stability in biological environment, and are also used as biomedical materials.
Question 5: What is a composite material? Compound directory [hidden]
concept
classify
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Jiangsu new composite material industrial park
composite material
[Edit this paragraph] concept
Composite material is composed of one material as matrix and another material as reinforcement. All kinds of materials complement each other in performance, resulting in synergistic effect, which makes the comprehensive performance of composite materials superior to raw materials and meets various requirements. The matrix materials of composite materials can be divided into two categories: metal and nonmetal. Commonly used metal substrates are aluminum, magnesium, copper, titanium and their alloys. Non-metallic matrix mainly includes synthetic resin, rubber, ceramics, graphite, carbon and so on. The reinforcing materials mainly include glass fiber, carbon fiber, boron fiber, aramid fiber, silicon carbide fiber, asbestos fiber, whisker, metal wire and hard particles.
The history of composite materials can be traced back to ancient times. Straw reinforced clay and reinforced concrete used since ancient times are composed of two materials. In the 1940s, due to the needs of aviation industry, glass fiber reinforced plastics (commonly known as glass fiber reinforced plastics) were developed, and the name of composite materials appeared from then on. Since 1950s, high strength and high modulus fibers such as carbon fiber, graphite fiber and boron fiber have been developed. Aramid fiber and silicon carbide fiber appeared in 1970s. These high-strength and high-modulus fibers can be compounded with synthetic resin, carbon, graphite, ceramics, rubber and other nonmetallic or metallic substrates such as aluminum, magnesium and titanium to form unique composite materials.
[Edit this paragraph] Classification
A composite material is a mixture. Composite materials are divided into metal-to-metal composite materials, nonmetal-to-metal composite materials and nonmetal-to-nonmetal composite materials. According to its structural characteristics, it can be divided into: ① fiber composite materials. Various fiber reinforced materials are placed in the matrix material and compounded. Such as fiber-reinforced plastics, fiber-reinforced metals and the like. ② Sandwich composite material. It consists of surface materials and core materials with different properties. Usually, the surface material is high in strength and thin; The core material is light in weight and low in strength, but it has a certain stiffness and thickness. It can be divided into solid interlayer and honeycomb interlayer. ③ Fine-grained composites. Hard fine particles are uniformly distributed in the matrix, such as dispersion strengthened alloy and cermet. ④ Hybrid composite materials. It consists of two or more reinforced phase materials mixed in the matrix phase material. Compared with ordinary single reinforced composite materials, its impact strength, fatigue strength and fracture toughness are significantly improved, and it has special thermal expansion properties. It can be divided into intralayer hybrid, interlayer hybrid, interlayer hybrid, intralayer/interlayer hybrid and super hybrid composites.
In 1960s, in order to meet the demand of advanced technologies such as aerospace, high-performance fibers (such as carbon fiber, boron fiber, aramid fiber and silicon carbide fiber) were used to reinforce composite materials. ) have been developed and produced one after another, with specific strength greater than 4× 106 cm and specific modulus greater than 4× 108cm. In order to distinguish it from the first generation glass fiber reinforced resin composites, this kind of composites is called advanced composites. According to the different matrix materials, advanced composites are divided into resin-based, metal-based and ceramic-based composites. Its service temperatures are above 250 ~ 350℃, 350 ~ 1200℃ and 1200℃ respectively. Advanced composite materials can be used not only as structural materials, but also as functional materials, such as gradient composite materials (chemical and crystal composition, structure, voids and other functional composite materials), intelligent composite materials (functional composite materials with sensing, processing and execution functions, which can adapt to environmental changes), bionic composite materials, stealth composite materials and so on.
[Edit this paragraph] Performance
Among composite materials, fiber reinforced materials are the most widely used. It is characterized by low specific gravity, high specific strength and high specific modulus. For example, the composite material of carbon fiber and epoxy resin has several times higher specific strength and modulus than steel and aluminum alloy, and also has excellent chemical stability, antifriction and wear resistance, self-lubrication, heat resistance, fatigue resistance, creep resistance, noise elimination, electrical insulation and other properties. Graphite fiber combined with resin can obtain materials with expansion coefficient almost equal to zero. Another characteristic of fiber reinforced materials is anisotropy, so the arrangement of fibers can be designed according to the strength requirements of different parts of the product. Carbon fiber and silicon carbide fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composites can still maintain sufficient strength and modulus at 500℃. The composite of silicon carbide fiber and titanium can not only improve the heat resistance of titanium, but also improve the wear resistance, and can be used as engine fan blades. Silicon carbide fiber is compounded with ceramics, and the service temperature can reach 1500℃ ... & gt
Question: What is the definition of ALCAR compound? 20% ALCAR composite material belongs to polymer material.
It is made of a new homopolymer material.
This material won't stick to the mold.
It doesn't matter whether there is a coating on the surface of the mold.
But the coefficient of friction is higher.
This will complicate the design of the mold.
Satisfied, please adopt.
Thank you very much.
Question 7: What are composite materials and high performance composite materials? Let's look at what composite materials are and what high-performance composite materials are.
Composite material is a kind of material with new properties, which is composed of two or more materials with different properties by physical or chemical methods. All kinds of materials complement each other in performance, resulting in synergistic effect, which makes the comprehensive performance of composite materials superior to raw materials and meets various requirements.
The matrix materials of composite materials can be divided into two categories: metal and nonmetal. Commonly used metal substrates are aluminum, magnesium, copper, titanium and their alloys. Non-metallic matrix mainly includes synthetic resin, rubber, ceramics, graphite, carbon and so on. The reinforcing materials mainly include glass fiber, carbon fiber, boron fiber, aramid fiber, silicon carbide fiber, asbestos fiber, whisker, metal wire and hard particles.
Composite materials are widely used, mainly in infrastructure and construction engineering, transportation, automotive composite materials, energy and environmental protection, aerospace and other fields. Among them, wind power, high-speed rail and automobiles, high-temperature gas desulfurization, and military composite materials are the hot areas of development.
As the name implies, high performance composites are high performance composites.
According to different synthetic raw materials, high-performance fibers are mainly divided into carbon fiber, aramid fiber, special glass fiber and ultra-high molecular polyethylene fiber, among which carbon fiber, aramid fiber and ultra-high molecular polyethylene fiber are the three largest high-performance fibers in the world today, and carbon fiber is particularly worthy of attention.
According to the figures provided by American market research institutions, the global carbon fiber market demand will maintain a growth rate of 13% before 20 15 years, while the growth rate of carbon fiber demand in China is obviously faster than that in the world. It is estimated that by 20 15, the total demand for carbon fiber in China will reach160,000 tons. According to the new material industry planning, the carbon fiber production capacity in China at the end of the 12th Five-Year Plan is 6.5438+200,000 tons.
At present, new carbon fiber materials have entered a period of rapid expansion. In the future, aerospace, oil and gas development, automobiles, electronics and other fields will drive the demand for carbon fiber materials to increase substantially. It is understood that Japan, the United States, Germany and other countries have a high concentration of technology monopoly, and key links such as precursor and carbonization are controlled by Japan and the United States. Among them, the production of small tow carbon fiber is basically controlled by Japanese companies such as Toray, Dong Bang and Mitsubishi, with a market share of about 70%, while large tow is mainly controlled by Zaltek, Sigri and Dong Bang, with a market share of about 80%.
Like other "technical barriers" faced by new materials, China has invested special funds to promote the research and development of carbon fiber technology since 2000. At present, a few domestic carbon fiber products developed by independent technology have reached the international level of similar products, but the localization rate of carbon fiber products in China is still not high.
Resin-based composites are composed of organic polymers and corresponding fiber reinforcements, also known as fiber reinforced plastics, and are the most mature and widely used composites at present.
Single substance is the most used substance in daily life, whether it is organic or inorganic. With the continuous innovation of science and technology, people have higher and higher requirements for material properties. Therefore, the emergence of composite materials has been greatly welcomed by the market.
Composite materials are composed of two or more different substances in different ways, which can integrate and give full play to the advantages of various materials and expand the application scope of materials. Resin matrix composites are one of them.
Resin-based composites are composed of organic polymers and corresponding fiber reinforcements, also known as fiber reinforced plastics, and are the most mature and widely used composites at present. According to different fiber reinforcements, resin-based composites can be divided into glass fiber reinforced plastics, carbon fiber composite materials, aramid fiber reinforced plastics and so on.
"China's FRP market, output value and application have reached the world advanced level, and all varieties can meet the market demand. Carbon fiber composites are mainly used in the aerospace field and have developed rapidly in China. " Professor Tang Jianmao, Director of Consulting Department of China Materials Research Society.
Composite materials span many fields of aerospace energy.
Resin matrix composites appeared as early as 1932 in the United States, which were mainly used in aerospace. It was not until the end of World War II that this material began to extend to the civil field. Its production technology has also developed from the initial hand paste molding technology to the present fiber winding molding technology, vacuum bag and pressure belt molding technology and injection molding technology. Resin > >
Question 8: What is the matrix of composite material and what is its function? The matrix of composite materials is a continuous phase, which can be divided into polymer matrix, metal matrix and inorganic nonmetal matrix.
Function: The matrix material plays the role of bonding, balancing load, dispersing load and protecting fiber. Composite materials are divided into two phases, and the other is dispersed phase, which is called reinforcement.
Introduction:
Composite materials can be divided into three categories according to matrix materials: metal matrix composites, inorganic non-metal matrix composites and polymer matrix composites.
1. Metal matrix composites
Different fields have different requirements when using metal matrix composites. For example, in the aerospace field, there are strict requirements for contrast strength, specific modulus and dimensional stability, so low-density light metal alloys will be selected as the matrix. Composite materials used in high performance engines not only need high specific strength and specific modulus, but also require high temperature resistance and oxidation resistance. Generally, titanium-based alloys, nickel-based alloys and intermetallic compounds are used as matrix materials. Ordinary automobile engines have certain considerations on the heat resistance, wear resistance, thermal conductivity and high-temperature strength of materials, and at the same time require low cost, which is suitable for mass production. Aluminum alloy materials are usually used as the matrix. However, industrial integrated circuit substrates and heat dissipation elements must have high thermal conductivity and low expansion characteristics. Generally, only copper and aluminum are used as the matrix.
If you want to enhance the strength of metal matrix composites, adding continuous fiber reinforced materials can effectively achieve this goal. As a reinforcing material, fiber has higher strength and modulus than metal matrix. However, in discontinuous reinforced metal matrix composites with particles, whiskers and short fibers as reinforcing materials, the strength and modulus of reinforcing materials are lower than that of metal matrix. When selecting reinforcement materials, we must also fully consider its compatibility with metal matrix, especially its chemical compatibility. It is ensured that the reinforcing material will not react with the matrix during the high-temperature molding process of metal matrix composites, thus affecting the physical and chemical functions of the composites. This is even more important when the composite material contains multiple substances.
2. Inorganic non-metal matrix composites
The matrix materials of inorganic non-metal matrix composites mainly include cement, gypsum and water glass. Let's take the most widely used cement material as an example. Cement material is a porous system, which will not only affect the performance of the matrix itself, but also affect the interface bonding between fiber and matrix. The ratio of elastic modulus of fiber to cement is not large, and the stress transfer effect is far less than that of fiber reinforced resin. The elongation at break of cement matrix is low, and when it is subjected to strong tensile force, the cement matrix will crack before the fiber. Cement-based materials contain powdery or granular materials, which are in point contact with fibers, so the content of fibers is greatly limited. Cement matrix is alkaline, which can protect metal fibers to some extent, but it is not good for most mineral fibers.
3. Polymer matrix composites
As matrix materials, composite materials include unsaturated polyester resin, epoxy resin, phenolic resin and various thermoplastic polymers, and are also very important composite materials. Adding fiber reinforced materials to polymer-based composites can improve the strength. The fiber types used are glass fiber, carbon fiber, organic fiber and other fibers.
Glass fiber has high tensile strength and excellent fire resistance, mildew resistance, moth resistance, high temperature resistance and electrical insulation. It has good chemical stability and will not react with all other chemicals and organic solvents except HF, concentrated alkali and concentrated phosphoric acid. But glass fiber also has disadvantages, that is, it is fragile, not wear-resistant, and it is harmful to human skin.
Carbon fiber has good high and low temperature resistance, the specific gravity is between 1.5 ~ 2, the thermal expansion coefficient is anisotropic, the thermal conductivity is directional, and the specific resistance is related to the fiber type. Chemical properties are relatively stable, except that it can be oxidized by strong oxidant and will not react with general acid and alkali. It also has the properties of oil resistance, radiation resistance, absorption of toxic gases, neutron deceleration and so on.
Organic fiber has high tensile strength and elastic modulus, low density, high thermal stability, anisotropic thermal expansion coefficient and good medium resistance, but it is easy to be corroded by various acids and bases and poor water resistance.
Question 9: What is a composite material? Composite material is a material with new properties, which is composed of two or more materials with different properties by physical or chemical methods. All kinds of materials complement each other in performance, resulting in synergistic effect, which makes the comprehensive performance of composite materials superior to raw materials and meets various requirements. The matrix materials of composite materials can be divided into two categories: metal and nonmetal. Commonly used metal substrates are aluminum, magnesium, copper, titanium and their alloys. Non-metallic matrix mainly includes synthetic resin, rubber, ceramics, graphite, carbon and so on. The reinforcing materials mainly include glass fiber, carbon fiber, boron fiber, aramid fiber, silicon carbide fiber, asbestos fiber, whisker, metal wire and hard particles.
The main application fields of composite materials are: ① aerospace field. Because of its good thermal stability and high specific strength and stiffness, composite materials can be used to manufacture aircraft wings and forefuselage, satellite antennas and their supporting structures, solar cell wings and shells, and large launch vehicles.
Shell, engine shell, space shuttle structure, etc. ② Automobile industry. Composite materials have special vibration reduction characteristics, can reduce vibration and noise, have good fatigue resistance, are easy to repair after damage, and are convenient for integral molding, so they can be used to manufacture automobile bodies, stress components, transmission shafts, engine mounts and their internal components. ③ Chemical industry, textile and machinery manufacturing. Materials composed of carbon fiber and resin matrix with good corrosion resistance can be used to manufacture chemical equipment, textile machinery, paper-making machinery, photocopiers, high-speed machine tools, precision instruments and so on. 4 medical field. Carbon fiber composites have excellent mechanical properties and do not absorb X-rays, which can be used to manufacture medical X-ray machines and orthopedic stents. Carbon fiber composites also have biocompatibility and blood compatibility, and have good stability in biological environment, and are also used as biomedical materials. In addition, composite materials are also used to manufacture sports equipment and building materials.
Question 10: What's the difference between synthetic materials and composite materials? I went on to say that composite materials are materials with new properties that are compounded by two or more materials with different properties through physical or chemical methods. All kinds of materials complement each other in performance, resulting in synergistic effect, which makes the comprehensive performance of composite materials superior to raw materials and meets various requirements. The matrix materials of composite materials can be divided into two categories: metal and nonmetal. Commonly used metal substrates are aluminum, magnesium, copper, titanium and their alloys. Non-metallic matrix mainly includes synthetic resin, rubber, ceramics, graphite, carbon and so on. The reinforcing materials mainly include glass fiber, carbon fiber, boron fiber, aramid fiber, silicon carbide fiber, asbestos fiber, whisker, metal wire and hard particles.