Higher than the five mountains, it is the best in the world.
Among the famous tourist mountains in China, Mount Emei can be said to be the highest, with the highest peak, Wanfo Peak, at an altitude of 3099 meters.
The mountain extends 23 kilometers from north to south, covering an area of 1 15 square kilometers.
For a long time, Mount Emei is famous for its beautiful natural scenery and mythical Buddhist attractions.
She is quaint and magical, majestic and beautiful.
Its winding mountains, rugged rocks, strange waterfalls and streams are beautiful and elegant, so it has the reputation of "Emei is the best in the world".
The first Buddhist temple in China was built on the top of Mount Emei in Sichuan in the 1 century.
With the establishment of other temples around it, it has become one of the main shrines of Buddhism.
For many centuries, cultural wealth has accumulated a lot.
One of the most famous is Leshan Giant Buddha, carved on rocks in the 8th century, as if overlooking the intersection of the three rivers.
The height of the Buddha statue is 7 1 m, the highest in the world.
Mount Emei is also famous for its many species and rich plants, from subtropical plants to subalpine coniferous forests, some of which are over a thousand years old.
◎ Overview
Mount Emei, also known as "Daguangming Mountain", is located in the south-central Sichuan Province in the west of China, in the transitional zone between Sichuan Basin and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The highest peak of Jinding, the main peak, is Wanfoding, with an altitude of 3099 meters.
Emei Mountain is famous at home and abroad for its beautiful natural scenery and mythical Buddhist fairy mountain. The beautiful natural landscape and the long history and cultural connotation are perfectly combined and complement each other, enjoying the reputation of "Emei is the best in the world".
Mount Emei is located at the intersection of various natural elements, where the flora is complex, species are rich and endemic, and a complete subtropical vegetation system is preserved, with a forest coverage rate of 87%.
There are more than 3,200 species of higher plants in 242 families in Emei Mountain, accounting for about one tenth of the total number of plants in China, of which 100 species are endemic to or named after Emei Mountain.
In addition, Mount Emei is also the habitat of many rare animals, with more than 2,300 known species.
This is an important place to study the world biota and other issues of special significance.
Mount Emei is one of the "four famous Buddhist mountains in China".
The spread of Buddhism, the construction and prosperity of temples have added many magical colors to Mount Emei.
Religious culture, especially Buddhist culture, constitutes the main body of Emei Mountain's history and culture. All buildings, statues, utensils, etiquette, music and paintings show a strong religious and cultural atmosphere.
There are many temples on Mount Emei, among which China Baosi, Wannian Temple and other "Jinding Eight Temples" are the most famous.
Leshan Giant Buddha, located at Qiluan Peak at the eastern foot of Emei Mountain, was called Maitreya Elephant and Jiading Giant Buddha in ancient times. It was founded in the early years of Kaiyuan in the Tang Dynasty (7 13) and took 90 years to complete.
The Buddha statue carved by mountains and waters is the largest existing cliff stone statue in the world, and has the reputation of "the mountain is the Buddha, and the Buddha is the mountain".
The giant Buddha is a statue of Maitreya, sitting east to west, with a dignified face and a height of 7 1 meter.
The carving is meticulous, the lines are smooth, the figure is well-proportioned and magnificent, which embodies the grand style of the prosperous Tang culture.
There are more than 9O niches of Tang Dynasty stone carvings on the north and south walls of the Buddha, among which there are many excellent works.
◎ Reasons for applying to join the World Heritage List
Mount Emei (including Leshan Giant Buddha) is famous for its unique geographical location, amazing natural landscape, typical geological landform and well-protected ecological environment, especially in the junction zone and transition zone of the world biota, with abundant animal and plant resources, obvious regional characteristics and numerous rare and endangered species.
Over the past two thousand years, rich cultural heritage with Buddhism as its main feature has been created and accumulated.
The natural and cultural heritage of Mount Emei has high historical, aesthetic, scientific research, popular science and sightseeing value, and is the common wealth of all mankind.
(A) Mount Emei's position among the famous mountains in China
Mount Emei, which is famous both at home and abroad for its beautiful natural scenery and rich Buddhist culture, ranks among the famous mountains in China with its characteristics of "male, beautiful, divine and strange" and is one of the best.
(1) Bear: The tall figure and majestic momentum give people a lofty aesthetic feeling.
Mount Emei was pulled up on the southwest edge of Sichuan Basin. The highest peak, Wanfo Peak, is 3099 meters above sea level, with a relative height difference of 2600 meters. Compared with Huashan Mountain, which is the highest among the five mountains, it is still more than 1000 meters higher, so it has been called "Five Mountains in Gaoling" in past dynasties.
The three main peaks of Emei stand side by side, pointing to the blue sky, with great momentum.
Climbing the Jinding, looking up into the distance, or overlapping mountains, or boundless sea of clouds, is refreshing.
(2) Xiu: Emei Mountain is located at the intersection of various natural elements, with obvious vertical flora, various plant species and rich types, and the vegetation coverage rate is as high as 87%.
The mountains are mountainous, with lush trees, beautiful outline, smooth lines and colorful scenery.
Among the famous mountains in the world, its lush vegetation landscape is the first.
(3) Magic: Mount Emei, a Buddhist shrine in Pu Xian Dojo, is shrouded in mysterious religious atmosphere and rich in Buddhist culture.
Myths and legends, as well as the rendering and dissemination of drama, poetry, music, painting and martial arts. Make the magical color of this Buddhist fairy mountain more illusory and unpredictable.
In the long history, the Buddhist culture, temple architecture and natural landscape of Mount Emei are organically and skillfully integrated, and it is really the first finger among the famous mountains in China.
The unique meteorological landscape of Mount Emei, such as golden clouds, sunrise, Buddha's light, magic lamp, Zhao Hui and sunset glow, as well as smoke clouds in Dong Lei, drizzle of Toona sinensis, snow in Daping and fog in central Hunan, is ever-changing and colorful, making it the first of the famous mountains in China.
The magical natural landscape of Mount Emei is organically integrated with its long history and cultural connotation, bringing out the best in each other, giving people the enjoyment and edification of beauty, making it the object of people's worship and praise, and it is famous all over the world.
Mount Emei is 3000 meters above sea level.
Huazang Temple with golden dome.
(2) Emei Mountain has unique geological characteristics.
Mount Emei preserves relatively complete sedimentary strata since Precambrian, which provides rare geological historical data for studying the evolution history of crust and organisms: intrusive rocks and volcanic rocks produced by magmatic intrusion and eruption provide a typical example for studying the deep process of upper mantle, lithospheric tension and fracture and crustal dynamic transformation; The complex crustal deformation caused by Yanshan movement and Himalayan movement provides sufficient basis for studying the crust surface structure.
At the same time, the spectacular and diverse modern landforms produced by neotectonic movement on the geological structure background of Mount Emei provide a prerequisite for the reproduction of biological groups and the establishment of a unique ecological kingdom in the middle and high mountains. The organic unified interpretation of these backgrounds and conditions has created the aesthetic image, scientific connotation and special position of Mount Emei in the world mountain scenic spots.
(3) Emei Mountain is rich in plant species with typical subtropical vegetation types.
The plants in Emei Mountain have a unique position in the world and have world significance, especially in the following aspects:
(1) Emei Mountain has the most typical and well-preserved subtropical vegetation type in the world, and has an original and complete subtropical forest vertical belt. Starting from the evergreen broad-leaved forest at the foot of the mountain, we can see the mixture of evergreen broad-leaved forest and deciduous broad-leaved forest, coniferous forest and dark coniferous forest in turn.
(2) The plant species are extremely rich. In this special and diverse forest, there are more than 3,200 known higher plants belonging to 242 families.
For a mountain with only 154k square kilometers, it is unique in the world, even in the subtropical region of the world.
There are various vegetation types, rich plant species and extremely rich animal species.
(3) There are many primitive and endemic species.
There are more than 100 species of higher plants peculiar to leather.
There are a large number of ancient and endangered plant species, of which 3 1 species are listed as national protected species.
(4) The flora of Emei Mountain is located in the transitional zone between China-Himalayan subregion and China-Japanese subregion, which plays an important role in the world biological research.
(4) Emei Mountain is an animal germplasm gene bank.
The animals in Emei Mountain are in the transitional zone between Palaearctic and Oriental, close to the unique area of Oriental. Its characteristics are very obvious and typical: ① it is a rare concentrated distribution area in the world, with complex flora, complete types and rich species; ① The distribution is obviously regional, with obvious horizontal and vertical zoning, including East Asia Group, South Asia Group and Plateau Group; ③ It has the characteristics of "four kinds", that is, there are many ancient, rare and endangered species, many endemic species, many model species and many oriental plants; (4) The ancient and rare species have been effectively preserved to this day, maintaining the original ecology, and it is a good existing animal gene bank.
It has high scientific research value and special protection significance.
Ten bronze statues of Pu Xian in Emei Mountain >>
(5) Emei Mountain is rich in Buddhist historical and cultural heritage.
Emei Mountain has a long human history.
According to the existing archaeological data, as early as 1 ten thousand years ago, there were activities of ancient ancestors here.
Entering civilized society, there are documents and historical sites to test the history of human beings for more than 2000 years.
In such a long historical period, ancient ancestors created brilliant historical culture and left a rich historical heritage.
The introduction of Buddhism and the construction and prosperity of temples have added magical colors to Emei Mountain, a magnificent and beautiful "fairy mountain in the middle of Sichuan". Religious culture, especially Buddhist culture, constitutes the main body of historical culture.
All buildings, statues, musical instruments, etiquette, music, paintings, etc. They all show the rich flavor and bright colors of their respective religious cultures.
The architectural art of the temple is a prominent embodiment of the Buddhist culture of Mount Emei, which is inseparable from the natural environment and landscape of this famous mountain and has become a pearl of scenery.
There are more than 30 temples in the whole mountain (including about 10 major temples with large scale and long history).
The building is endowed with local traditional residential style, elegant decoration, unpretentious, tailored to local conditions, built on the mountain, and has its own characteristics. No matter the site selection, design and construction, it is unique, which is strict with temples and beautiful with mountains and rivers.
With its superb skills, it can be called a model of temple architecture art in China Famous Mountain Scenic Area.
Emei Mountain is rich in historical and cultural relics and Buddhist relics, which are rare among other scenic mountains in China. They are the crystallization and treasure of Emei Mountain's long history and culture, and many Buddhist cultural relics and temple buildings are very precious materials and evidence for studying the prosperity and evolution of Emei Mountain Buddhism and even the whole Buddhist history.
Leshan Giant Buddha is characterized by the organic combination of the essence of humanistic heritage and natural heritage and the blending of mountains and rivers.
Within 2.5 square kilometers of the scenic spot, there are 2 national first-class protected cultural relics and 4 second-class protected cultural relics, which are unique across the river from Leshan, a famous historical and cultural city in China.
The scenic spot is centered on the Cliff Statue Buddha in Tang Dynasty. It is a museum with a history of 2,000 years, including mounds excavated by ceremonial soldiers in Qin Shu, cliff tombs in Han Dynasty, Buddha statues in Tang and Song Dynasties, pagodas, temples and buildings in Ming and Qing Dynasties.
China's cultural remains related to celebrities in past dynasties are very rich and unique.
The collection of cultural relics is rich, with 7,226 pieces, many of which are rare treasures at home and abroad.
cultural heritage
Mount Emei, with its unique charm, has attracted countless believers, pilgrims, literati, scholars and monks to worship Buddha, pass on scriptures, recite poems, paint pictures and record stories for thousands of years, creating a splendid culture of Mount Emei, which is famous at home and abroad.
1 In the middle of the century, Buddhism was introduced from India to Emei Mountain via the Southern Silk Road, and the medicine farmer Pugong founded Puguangtang in Jinxiang.
In the 3rd century A.D., Pu Xian belief spread in the mountains, and China monk Huizhi built Fukenji (now Wannian Temple) at the foot of Guanxin Slope.
In the middle of the 6th century, the focus of world Buddhism gradually shifted from India to China. Sichuan once became the center of Zen Buddhism in China, and Buddhist temple architecture came into being. At the peak in history, there were more than 65,438,000 temples.
In the 8th century, Zen was dominant and the whole mountain was unified.
In the middle of the 9th century, Zhao Kuangyin, Song Taizu, sent a group of monks headed by monks to visit India.
After returning to China, he came to Emei Mountain to build a Buddhist temple, translate scriptures and spread teachings, and cast a giant bronze Buddha statue of Pu Xian with a respect of 62T and a height of 7.85m, which was enshrined in the Wannian Temple and became a masterpiece among the Buddha statues in Emei Mountain, with high cultural and artistic value.
For thousands of years, Mount Emei, the "Buddhist Holy Land", has been known as the "Pu Xian Dojo", and is also known as the four famous Buddhist mountains in China along with Wutai Mountain in Shanxi, Putuo Mountain in Zhejiang and Jiuhua Mountain in Anhui.
In the long history of the past, Mount Emei not only accumulated rich Buddhist cultural treasures, but also left a lot of precious cultural relics.
There are 30 temples in the scenic area, with a construction area of about 6.5438+10,000 square meters, each with its own characteristics and full personality.
Among them, Feilai Hall and the flat brick hall of Wannian Temple are national first-and second-class protection products. There are many kinds of Buddhist articles, with a height of 5.8m, 14 floor and seven sides. Huayan Copper Pagoda, bronze Buddha statue of Wannian Temple in Ming Dynasty and Baye Sutra presented by Siam King in Ming Dynasty are all rare treasures.
There are 0/64 pieces of cultural relics/kloc-in Meishan, and more than 6,890 pieces of temples and museums, among which more than 850 pieces are classified and protected by the state, all of which have different historical, cultural and artistic values.
Wushu China Wushu has a long tradition. It originated from meditation in Buddhism, absorbed the dynamic skills of Taoism and martial arts skills in the army, and evolved into Emei School, one of the three major schools of martial arts in China, which has been passed down to this day.
poetry
Emei Mountain, as a "Buddhist holy land" and a "world famous mountain", has always been closely related to the praise, description and dissemination of celebrities and poets.
Famous poets Li Bai and Su Dongpo left many poems praising Mount Emei, which are still widely circulated today.
In Shawan Town, not far from the foot of Gushui Mountain, there is the former residence of modern writer Guo Moruo.
Guo Moruo wrote many Emei poems, which is called Emei poet. His title of "Famous Mountain in the World" has become a rare treasure.
Leshan Giant Buddha
Leshan Giant Buddha is located at the confluence of Lingyun Mountain, Mianmian River, Dadu River and Qingyi River at the eastern foot of Emei Mountain.
The Buddha statue is a statue of Maitreya sitting on a mountain in the early 8th century, which took 90 years to build.
With a height of 7 1m and a sitting height of 59.96m, it is the highest Maitreya stone Buddha statue in the world.
Jiusan is a big move, and it faces the confluence of the three rivers. The carved lines are smooth, well-proportioned and solemn.
There are 90 stone carvings in the Tang Dynasty on the north and south walls of the Buddha's seat, among which the "Pure Land Change" niche and the "Three Buddhas" statues are masterpieces of art, which are of great artistic value.
There are Qin Lidui, Han Cliff Tomb, Buddhas, pagodas and temples in the Tang Dynasty, Jiuding City in the Song Dynasty and other historical sites in the Giant Buddha. The human landscape is dense, blending with the natural landscape and bringing out the best in each other.
◎ Natural heritage
Stratigraphic landform
Emei Mountain preserves relatively complete sedimentary strata since Precambrian, which provides rare geological historical data for studying the history of crust and biological evolution. The complex crustal deformation caused by Yanshan movement and Himalayan movement provides sufficient basis for studying the crust surface structure.
At the same time, the magnificent and diverse modern landforms produced by neotectonic movement on the geological structure background of Mount Emei provide a prerequisite for the reproduction of biological groups and the establishment of a unique mid-high mountain ecosystem.
biodiversity
Mount Emei is located at the intersection of various natural elements, with complex floristic elements, rich biological species and many endemic species. The complete vertical belt spectrum of subtropical vegetation is preserved, which is evergreen broad-leaved forest, deciduous evergreen broad-leaved mixed forest, coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest and dark coniferous forest in turn from the foot of the mountain, and the forest coverage rate reaches 87%.
There are more than 3200 species of higher plants in 242 families in Emei Mountain, accounting for about one tenth of the total number of plants in China. There are more than 100 kinds of plants named after Mount Emei. The first batch of protected plants in China are Davidia involucrata, Alsophila spinulosa, Ginkgo biloba, Ye Lian alone, Cercidiphyllum japonicum and Primula.
The ancient species such as Magnolia, Manglietia, Rosin, Michelia, Marigold, Photinia, Hemlock and Schisandra, which continued before Tertiary, are discontinuous distribution groups relative to North America and have high scientific research and protection value.
Mount Emei is a natural gene bank of animal germplasm, with complex flora, rich species, many ancient, rare, endangered and endangered species, many endemic species and many model species.
More than 2,300 species of animals are known, including 5 1 species of mammals, 256 species of birds, 34 species of reptiles, 33 species of amphibians, more than 0/1,000 species of insects, 6 species of fish, red pandas, forest musk deer, macaques, Sumatra, silver pheasants, golden pheasants and spotted horns.
Emei medicine
There are many kinds of medicinal plants in Emei Mountain, with complex species composition, many rare varieties and many specialty varieties.
According to half a century's investigation and study, the variety increased from 207 species in 1952 to 2050 species in 1995.
These medicinal plants belong to 2 12 families, among which dicotyledonous plants 129 families and 1225 species are relatively concentrated in dicotyledonous.
People often look for cinnabar lotus, Emei Coptidis Rhizoma, Notoginseng Radix, Gastrodia elata, Geranium, Cordyceps, Emei Cortex Phellodendri, Emei, Xuedan, Fozhangshen and so on.
Four wonders
sea of clouds
When the sky is clear in Wan Li, white clouds rise from Ran Ran, Wanhe, Qian Shan and Emei Mountain, which are clear and boundless.
Buddhists call the sea of clouds "the silver world".
The sea of clouds in Emei is composed of low clouds, with high peaks and low clouds. Many islands are exposed to the sea of clouds, and Yun Teng is foggy, just like a Buddhist fairyland; White waves are raging, and if these islands are transformed into upright ones, it is like "sailing with goodwill."
Zhao Puchu, a modern poet, wrote a poem entitled "The rosy clouds wear clothes to greet the morning glow, and the clouds are floating in the sea", which is a wonderful portrayal of this scene.
sunrise
Mount Emei stands on the western edge of Sichuan Basin, overlooking the "Tianfu Plain" stretching for thousands of miles. Climbing the mountain to watch the sunrise, the vision is broadened, the soul is purified, and the love between man and nature is deeply realized.
With the rising sun, the morning glow is all over the sky, and thousands of golden lights shine on the earth. Emei Mountain seems to be gradually covered with a golden cloak from head to toe, showing all its beautiful postures.
Su Dongpo, a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, intoned: "Autumn is full of clouds, and the grass is as early as dawn."
light of Buddha
Buddha light, also known as Emei Baoguang.
Buddhists call it the eyebrow light of Samantabhadra.
Buddha light is actually a natural phenomenon of light, which is formed by the diffraction and diffuse reflection of sunlight on the surface of clouds.
In the afternoon of late summer and early winter, a seven-color halo of red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue and purple suddenly appeared in the clouds under the rock, and the center was as bright as a mirror.
The viewer's back is to the west of the sun, and sometimes he finds himself in the halo, and his gestures follow the shape. Even if hundreds of people watch at the same time, the viewer can only see his own shadow and not others.
Tan Zhongyue's poem says: "Feiyun is not foggy, but colorful.
Try to look at the height of the stone platform. Everyone is in the Buddha's light. "
Magic lamp
On the moonless night in Jinding, sometimes I suddenly see a light like a firefly under the rock, and then count it, gradually reaching countless, floating in the dark valley.
Buddhists call it the "holy lamp", and the floating magic lamp is shaped like "ten thousand bright lamps to welcome Pu Xian".
Shi Xincheng's poem "The Holy Lamp" says: "Flying to the east of the steep cliff, a little hongxia floats.
Back to Xiang, suddenly far and near, hidden in the air.
The flame is cold for a thousand years, and the light shakes half the wind.
After the dead of night, the Vatican Palace was full.
"Shen's poem" Holy Lamp "also said:" I don't want to stay up all night, and the lamp spreads from the upper bound.
Time flies, through the valley, the flame shadow wants to touch the sky.
Only the stars fall, and the magic circle.
Jin Xian can be seen everywhere.