Bangu
The author Xiao Chuan Ban Gu (32-92) was born in Fufeng Anling (now East of Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province). A famous historian in the Eastern Han Dynasty. "The Biography of the Later Han Dynasty Ban Gu" said that he was "nine years old, and he could be literate and recite.
Fu. The dragon, on the other hand, is rich in books, with nine streams and hundreds of words, all of which are poor. What I have learned is not for chapter, but for righteousness. "His father.
Ban Biao
Xu Zeng
Sima Qian
Historical Records was written as Biography of Historical Records, but it failed. Ban Gu is determined to follow in his father's footsteps. On the basis of biography, he further searched for materials and compiled Hanshu. Later, he was arrested and imprisoned because someone falsely accused him of tampering with national history. His younger brother Ban Chao wrote a letter stating that he was released and was appointed as the official history of Lantai. After more than 20 years of hard work, he wrote Hanshu. In the early years of Han Yongyuan, Ban Gu went to Xiongnu with Dou Xian. Soon Dou Xian was punished for rebellion, and Ban Gu was arrested and died in prison. The eight tables and Tian Wenzhi in Hanshu were written by his sister.
Ban Zhao
People from the same county go on.
Han Shu by Ban Gu is China's first biographical chronology, which is slightly modified after Historical Records. The book consists of twelve chapters, eight tables, ten records and seventy biographies, with a total of 100 articles, from the beginning of Emperor Gaozu to the end of Wang Mang, which recorded the historical facts of the Western Han Dynasty for 230 years. The evaluation of historical figures in Hanshu often starts from feudal orthodoxy and takes Confucian ethics as the standard, such as Chen She,
Xiang Yu
Derogation is an obvious example. Historically, Hanshu and Shiji have always been called historians.
Liu Zhiji
The book of Han Dynasty is characterized by its excellent words and secret things (History of Liu Tongjia).
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty began a long-term crusade against the Huns, during which he won three decisive victories, namely 127 BC,12 BC1year and1/9 BC. After the Huns' power was greatly weakened, they expressed their willingness to make peace with Han, but the contradiction between the two sides remained deep-rooted. So, by BC 100,
Su Wu
He was detained when he went to Xiongnu and was forced to surrender. The Biography of Su Wu focuses on the deeds of Su Wu when he was taken into exile as an envoy of the Huns, enthusiastically praising his noble and upright, immoral, humble, hungry and indomitable spirit, and fully affirming his national integrity of perseverance, no hesitation and death.
The author has created the image of Su Wu quite successfully. The article is not a mechanical description of historical events, but a highly selective tailoring, focusing on Su Wu's experience and performance in the Xiongnu and in a foreign country 19. The theme is clear and the image is outstanding.
Li Ling
The two sections of "Persuade to Surrender" and "Farewell" depict and contrast Su Wu by means of contrast and foil, which vividly reproduces the character's character and moral integrity, and has received good artistic effects.
His son, with his father as the least [1] and his brother as Lang [2], was transferred to the stable in the middle of the school [3]. How many people glanced at each other when the Chinese even chopped Hu [4]. Xiongnu School and Lu went to the Han Dynasty for more than ten generations [5]. Xiongnu made it, and Han also left it quite [6].
In the first year of Tian Han [7], and in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China [8], Tang Gong was afraid that the Han Dynasty would attack him and said, "Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, I am a husband." They were all returned to Ambassador Han Lu and others. Emperor Wu Jia's righteousness is to send troops to the corps commander to send the Xiongnu to stay in Han [9]; Generosity means kindness. Wu, deputy corps commander, fake officer Chang Hui, recruited more than 100 spies [10]. Not only go to Xiongnu, but also buy coins. Khan is arrogant, but he does not expect it.
Fang wants to send troops to rebel against the Huns [1 1]. Gou Jian, the sister-in-law of Zhou Wang [12], went to Han with Zhou Wang and died in the wild [13]. He Wei turned himself in [14], and the bride and groom returned to Korea [15]. Will wait until the Huns. In the Han Dynasty, Yu always knew his deputy and waited for victory in private. He said, "I heard that the emperor of the Han Dynasty was very disgusted with upholding the law and could often shoot him for Han Fu Nu. My mother and brother are both in Han, and I am very lucky to get their reward. " John Zhang agreed, and often brought goods.
After more than a month, Khan went hunting, and the children in E Shi were alone. Danger often wait for more than seventy people to send; One of them died at night. Tell us. Khan's children sent troops to fight, Wang and others died, and Yu Chang was born. Khan put Lv Wei in charge of his affairs. When John Zhang heard this sentence, he was afraid to make a speech, so he used an adverbial. Wuyue said, "If so, it will definitely affect me. Seeing that the crime is extremely bad, the country has a burden! " If you want to commit suicide, win together and benefit together. Take the lead. Khan was furious and summoned the nobles to discuss and wanted to kill the Han messenger. Zuo Yi said [16]: "Even if you ask for Khan, why add it?" It is appropriate to put it down. "Khan ordered Wu to resign [17], while Wu Zhao Xu and others. : "If you are born, why go back to Han! "Sword stab yourself. Wei Lu got a fright, grabbed his arm and called the doctor. Dig the ground as a barrier, set a fire, cover it, and jump on its back to bleed. I'm exhausted. I want to rest for half a day. When you have finished crying, go back to camp [18]. Khan was powerful in his festivals. He sent people to wait for martial arts day and night. He took over John Zhang.
Those who are good at making friends with Wu know how to deal with danger and want to surrender to Wu at this time. A sword will always cut off the danger. The law says, "John Zhang, the envoy of the Han Dynasty, will die if he kills a minister. Khan forgives the sins of the surrenders. " Raise your sword and attack it. If you win, please surrender. The law said Wu Yue: "The lieutenant is guilty and should sit together [19]." Wuyue said, "I have no plans, and I am not a relative. What is sitting together? " Raise your sword and draw it, but you can't move. "Su Jun! Before the law, Han was returned to Xiongnu, but thanks to his great kindness, he was given the title of king; There are tens of thousands of people, horses and livestock in the mountains [20], so rich! The Soviet army fell today and will return tomorrow. Empty frost grassland [2 1], who knows! " Wu should not. The law says, "You are brothers because of me. If you don't listen to me today, will you get it if you want to see me again? "
Wu cursed the law and said, "A woman is a courtier, regardless of her closeness. Loyalty means closeness. Why do women look at [22] in order to surrender barbarians! And Khan believes in women, so people can live and die; Unjust is against the two masters [23]. It never rains but it pours! South Vietnam killed the Han ambassador and killed nine counties [24]. Killed the Han ambassador, Beique and Toujun [25]. North Korea killed the Korean emissary and immediately eliminated it [26]. Huns alone don't smell it. If you know I won't surrender, you want the two countries to attack each other. The disaster of the Huns began with me! " The law knows that the army can't threaten in the end, and it's for nothing. Khan, who thinks more and more, is a hidden weapon, which is kept in a big cellar and never eats or drinks. It's raining and snowing, biting the snow and swallowing it with your hair [27], and you won't die for a few days. Huns believed that God had no place on the North Sea [28], so grazing and milking were returned [29]. Don't be an official, Chang Hui, etc. And every place is put elsewhere.
If you can't eat it at sea, you can dig wild rats to eat it [30]. Sheep herding in the Han festival, lying up and exercising, the festival will fall down. Five or six years later, Shan Yu's younger brother shot at the sea in Wangyi [3 1]. Wuneng net spinning salary [32], long crossbow [33], Yu Wang Aichi, give him food and clothing. When he was more than three years old, Wang fell ill and gave him army horses, livestock, clothes and Tibet [34]. After the king died, many people moved. Ding Ling stole cattle and sheep in winter [35], and Five Blessingg was poor.
At first, both Wu and Li Ling were servants [36]. The Huns will fall by force next year, and they dare not ask for force. For a long time, Khan gave the mausoleum to the sea to provide music for Wu's wine. Because of Wu Shuo, "Khan Wen Ling and are simple and honest, so Ling is the first step to treat each other with humility. In the end, I will not return to Han, and I will die in vain. What did Xin Yi 'an see? The former commander-in-chief took the chariot [37] and went from Yong Yang Palace [38]. The chariot was removed [39], and the column was broken, which was illegal and disrespectful [40]. He killed himself with his sword and gave him two million burials. Ruqing and Huangmen Xu fought for a boat [42] from the east side of the ancestral hall [4 1] and pushed Xu into the river and drowned. When an official rides to death, he is ordered to catch one by one, but he can't, and he will die for fear of drinking medicine. When she came, Taifuren was unfortunate [43] and the tomb was in Yangling [44]. Qing Zi's wife is very young, and she is married. There are only two female brothers [45], two women and one man. More than ten years have passed, and their life and death are uncertain. Life is like morning dew, why bother? When the mausoleum began to descend, it suddenly went crazy, and Han was in pain. His mother was a palace keeper [46]. Qing Zi didn't want to go down the mountain, so why did he go through the mausoleum! Moreover, your majesty is in the spring and autumn period [47], laws and regulations are often destroyed, and dozens of ministers have died, and the safety is unknown. Who cares if Zi Qing is still recovering? I would like to listen to the tomb plan, cloudless! "
Wuyue said, "Your Majesty is responsible for the death of Wu and his son. They are listed as generals [48] and princes [49]. They are brothers and often want to paint their brains all over the floor. Today, I'm going to kill myself, and it has to be effective. Although I received an axe and a bowl of soup [50], I am sincerely happy. I serve the king, and I serve the father; A son dies for his father and is hated by death. I hope I don't say anything more! "
After a few days of drinking, Ling and Wu replied, "I listened to Ling." Wu said, "I have been separated from you for a long time! If the king wants to surrender, please die before the end of today! " Seeing his sincerity, Ling sighed and said, "Oh, just people! The sin of the mausoleum, the debate of the law, go to heaven! " I decided to go with Wu because I was wet with tears. Ling Xie gave it to Wu, and his wife gave it to dozens of cattle and sheep.
When Hou Ling returned to Beihai, he said, "The area was trapped in the clouds [5 1], saying that all the officials and people below the prefect wore white clothes and collapsed [52]." Wu Wenzhi, crying to the south, is bleeding, which will be a day a few months ago.
Emperor Zhao ascended the throne [53], and for several years, Xiongnu and Han were close relatives. Han asked for martial arts, etc., and Xiongnu bullied him. The envoys of the later Han Dynasty returned to Xiongnu, and Chang Hui invited them to keep pace with the defenders, so as to meet the envoys of the Han Dynasty at night and come from Chen Dao. The messenger said Khan, saying that the son of heaven shot the goose in Lin [54] and wrote martial arts on silk in Zeman. The messenger was overjoyed and made Khan say a good word. Khan looked around and was surprised. The ambassador said, "Wu equals reality." So Li Ling bought wine to congratulate Wu, saying, "I've made great contributions to the Xiongnu. Although ancient bamboo and silk contained [55] and painters painted [56], why did they cross Qing Zi? Although Ling was timid [57], it made Han guilty of Ling [58], and it was all his mother's fault, which made his great humiliation almost equal to Cao Ke's alliance [59]. This mausoleum will never forget what it used to look like! What does Ling care about after taking Ling's family and killing people for the world? It's gone, so Qing Zi knows my heart! People in different places, don't be long! " When the mausoleum danced, he sang, "Go to Wan Li to spend sand curtains, because your generals will be excited for the Huns. The road is poor, the arrow blade is destroyed, and the scholar is destroyed. My mother died. Although I want to repay her kindness, I still want to return to China! " Ling cried for several lines because of the military's decision. Khan belongs to the military attache of the church. He once turned to property before, and nine people returned with the army.
Wuyi began to go to the capital in the spring of the sixth year of the Yuan Dynasty [60]. Zhao Wufengtai visited Wudiyuan Temple [6 1]. Worship as a classical country [62], with two thousand stones [63]; Give 2 million, two hectares of public land, and live in the first district. Chang Hui, Xu Sheng and Zhao Zhonggen were all worshiped as corps commanders and given 200 silks. The remaining six people are old. Go home and give 100,000 yuan for a lifetime. After Chang Hui, he went to the right general, sealed Liehou, and passed on his biography. Xiongnu in Wuliu, aged 19 [64], began to grow strong and came back with white hair.
In the following year of Wu Laigui, Shangguan Jie and Zi 'an rebelled against Sang Hongyang, and the prince changed his residence [65]. Nanyuan conspired with Ann and sat dead. At the beginning, valerian, Ann and general Huo Guang fought for power [66], and wrote a letter to the prince, accusing him of negligence. It is also said that Su Wu has been a Hun for twenty years, but it is still a typical country. The general's long history has no merit [67], and he is arrogant for searching for millet. And the prince and so on. Wu Su, Jie Li and Hong Yang, the party that opposes punishment and mismanages, are both old, and have been sued by the prince several times, and their sons are planning. Tingwei called for the arrest of Wu [68] Huo Guang laid down his performance [69] and removed the military attache.
A few years later, Emperor Zhao collapsed. Wu established [70] with the help of two thousand stones and strategies, and sealed off 300 households in Neihou and Shiyi [7 1]. For a long time, Zhang Anshi, the general of Wei, recommended Wu Ming to learn stories [72], and he didn't fail to complete his mission. The first emperor thought it was a last word [73]. Call Wu and other officials immediately [74]. After many twists and turns, it is the right country of Cao [75]. The old minister of Wuqing is called a libation [76], which is very popular. Wu's rewards were all given to Kundi's old friends, and there was no money at home. The Queen's father Ping Enhou, uncle Pingchang Hou, Lechang Hou, general Han Zeng, prime minister and suggestion doctor Bing Ji all respected Wu [77].
When Wu was old, he sat in front of his son and died, so he went to Min. Asked the left and right, "Wu has been in Xiongnu for a long time. How can he have children?" Confession: "In the past, when the Huns were sent, it was suitable for Hu's wife to have a son to cross the country. She asked for it. The reason is that the messenger sent gold and silk to redeem it. " In Yan Xu. Later, the country came with an emissary, thinking it was Lang. And take the martial arts disciple as the right Cao [78].
Wu was in his eighties, and Shen Jue died in two years [79]. ……
-selected from the punctuation book Hanshu Li Guang Su Jianchuan by Zhonghua Book Company.
Su Wuzi was self-cleaning. When he was young, with his father's position, all three brothers became the attendants of the emperor and were gradually promoted to be officials in charge of the hunting tools of the emperor's pommel horse. At that time, the Han court continued to crusade against the Huns and sent envoys to spy on each other many times. Xiongnu detained and waited for more than a dozen Chinese envoys. Xiongnu envoys came, and Han Ting also detained them to offset them.
In 100 BC, Zhong just proclaimed himself emperor and was afraid of being attacked by Han, so he said, "Han emperor is my elder." These cultural relics were returned to Lu, the messenger of the Han Dynasty. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty praised him for his understanding, so he sent Su Wu as a corps commander to escort the Xiongnu emissary stranded in Han to return home, and gave him a generous gift to thank him for his kindness. Su Wu and deputy corps commander John Zhang, temporary special envoy Chang Hui, and 100 infantry and reconnaissance personnel. When I arrived in Xiongnu, I dedicated my belongings to Khan. Khan's arrogance is not what Han expected.
Khan was about to send messengers to escort Su Wu and others back to Han, which coincided with the rebellion of Gou Jian, the King of Yue, and Changshui people among the Huns. Zhou Wang's sister Gou Jian's son went to Han with Zhou Wang, and then returned with Zhuo Yehou Zhao Ponu. Among those who surrendered under Wei Law, E Shi, the mother who planned to kidnap Khan, returned to Han. Just met Su Wu and others to the Huns. When Yu Chang was in the Han Dynasty, he kept in contact with Zhang Shengyou, the deputy envoy, and visited him privately, saying, "I heard that Emperor Gaozu hated Wei Law very much, so I could always ambush the crossbow for the Han Dynasty and shoot him. My mother and brother are both in Han, and I hope to be taken care of by Han Ting. " John Zhang promised him and gave the property to Yuchang.
After more than a month, Khan went out hunting, and only E Shi and Khan's children were at home. More than 70 people, including Yu Chang, started an uprising. One of them ran away at night and reported their plans to E Shi and his children. Khan's children sent troops to fight against him, and King Gou Jian died. I am often captured alive. Khan sent a health court in this case. John Zhang heard the news and worried that what he and Yu Chang said privately would be exposed, so he told Su Wu what had happened. Su Wu said, "If things come to this, we will definitely be dragged into trouble. If you are humiliated, you will die, and you are even more sorry for the country! " So I want to kill myself. John Zhang and Chang Hui stopped him together. For John Zhang, danger always exists. Khan was furious and called many nobles to discuss and wanted to kill the Han ambassador. Zuo Yi's way: "If you kill people, what stricter criminal law is used?" They should all be told to surrender. "Khan sent Wei Lv called Su Wu to stand trial. Su Wu said to Chang Hui, "If you lose your integrity and disgrace your mission, even if you are alive, how can you have the face to return to the cold pavilion!" With that, he pulled out his knife and committed suicide. Willep was surprised. He hugged Su Wu and sent for the doctor on a fast horse. The doctor dug a hole in the ground, lit a small fire in the hole, and then put Su Wu face down on the hole, patting him on the back to let the blood flow out. Su Wu was dead, and it took a long time to breathe again. Chang Hui and others cried, pulling Su Wu back to camp with the car. Khan admired Su Wu's moral integrity, sent someone to ask Su Wu in the morning and evening, and arrested and imprisoned John Zhang.
Su Wu's injury is improving. Khan sent messengers to inform Su Wu that they came to the trial hall together, hoping to take this opportunity to make Su Wu surrender. After the sword killed Yu Chang, Wei Lv said, "John Zhang, an envoy of the Han Dynasty, murdered a minister who was closely related to Khan and should be put to death. Forgive those who surrender. " John Zhang raised his sword to kill, and John Zhang demanded surrender. Wei Lu said to Su Wu, "The deputy envoy is guilty and should sit with you." Su Wu said, "I didn't participate in the planning, and I'm not his relative. How can we talk about sitting together? " Lv Wei once again raised his sword at Su Wu, and Su Wu remained motionless. Wei Lv said, "Su Jun! I turned my back on the Han Dynasty and surrendered to the Huns. Fortunately, Khan gave me a knighthood and made me king. Running all over the mountain with tens of thousands of slaves, horses and other livestock, how rich! Soviets, you surrender today and tomorrow. Fertilize the grass with your body for nothing, and who knows you! " Su Wu didn't respond. Wei Law said, "If you surrender after me, I will be your brother." If you don't listen to my arrangement today, will you have a chance to see me later? "
Su Wu lambasted Wei Law, saying, "You are a servant and son of others. You betrayed the emperor, abandoned your relatives and became a surrendered slave in a foreign country, regardless of benevolence and righteousness. Why should I see you? Besides, Khan trusted you to decide other people's lives, but you were unfair and didn't uphold justice. Instead, you want to make Emperor Xian of Han and Xiongnu stand against each other and watch the disasters and losses of the two countries! The king of South Vietnam killed the envoys of the Han Dynasty, and as a result, nine counties were pacified. Kill the ambassador and hang his head at the north gate. The king of South Korea killed the messenger of the Han Dynasty and was immediately reconciled. Only the Huns escaped. You know perfectly well that I will never surrender and try to make Han and Xiongnu attack each other. The disaster of the demise of the Huns will begin with me! " Wei Law knew that Su Wu could not intimidate and surrender after all, so he reported Khan. Khan wanted him to surrender more and more, so he locked Su Wu up in a big cellar and didn't give him anything to drink or eat. When it snowed, Su Wu lay chewing the snow and swallowed it with felt wool to satisfy his hunger. He would not die for several days. Huns thought it was amazing, so they moved Su Wu to a deserted place near Beihai, and let him graze the ram, saying that he would give it back to Han after the ram gave birth to a lamb. At the same time, his subordinates and his entourage Chang Hui were placed in other places.
After Su Wu moved to Beihai, the grain could not be sent out, so he had to dig out the wild fruits stored by the wild rats to eat. He leans on Jeff in the cold pavilion to graze the sheep, and holds them when he sleeps and gets up, so that the yak tail hair tied to his joints can be taken off. After five or six years, Khan's younger brother Wang Yu went hunting in Beihai. Sue weaves nets and corrects crossbows. Yu Wang values him very much and provides him with clothes and food. More than three years later, Yu Wang fell ill and gave Su Wu horses and livestock, clay pots for wine and cheese, and dome felt tents. After the king died, all his men moved away. This winter, Ding stole cattle and sheep from Su Wu, and Su Wu fell into poverty again.
At first, Su Wu and Li Ling served as attendants. In the second year of Su Wu's mission to Xiongnu, Li Ling surrendered to Xiongnu and was afraid to see Su Wu. After a long time, Khan sent Li Ling to Beihai to arrange banquets and songs and dances for Su Wu. Li Ling took the opportunity to say to Su Wu, "Khan heard that I have always had a deep friendship with you, so he sent me to advise you to be honest with you. After all, you can't go back to this dynasty and suffer in a deserted place for nothing. How can we show our trust in Han Ting? At that time, your eldest brother Su Jia was a captain in a car, followed the emperor to the Yong Palace, helped the emperor's car down the steps of the temple, hit a pillar, broke the axle, was convicted of blasphemy, drew his sword and committed suicide, but gave him 2 million yuan to be buried with him. Your brother Ruqing followed the emperor to sacrifice to the land god of Hedong, and the eunuch riding a horse competed with Xu for a boat and pushed Xu into the river and drowned him. The eunuch on horseback escaped. The emperor ordered Ruqing to kill him, but he couldn't catch him. He committed suicide for fear of taking poison. When I left Chang 'an, your mother had died and I was sent to Yangling. Your wife is still young. I heard that she has remarried, and there are only two sisters, two daughters and a boy at home. Now more than ten years have passed, and life and death are unknown. Life is like morning dew, why torture yourself for a long time! When I first surrendered, if I lost things all day, I would go crazy. I feel sorry for Han Ting. My mother was detained in Baogong. How could you be more reluctant to surrender than I was then? Moreover, the emperor is old, the law changes at any time, the minister is innocent, and more than a dozen families have been killed. Security is unpredictable. Who else are you going to keep this festival for? I hope you will take my advice and stop talking! "
Su Wu said, "My father and son, Su Wu, have no merit or kindness. They were all trained and promoted by the emperor. Their official positions were promoted to the rank of liejiang, and their titles were tonghou. The three brothers are all close ministers of the emperor and are often willing to sacrifice everything for the court. Now I have the opportunity to sacrifice myself to serve my country, even if I am executed by an axe and soup, I am willing. A minister's loyalty to the king is like a son's loyalty to his father, and his son died for his father. There is nothing to hate. I hope you will stop talking! "
After drinking with Su Wu for a few days, Li Ling said, "You must listen to me." Su Wu said, "I knew I was dead! Khan must force me to surrender, so please end today's joy and let me die in front of you! " Seeing that Su Wu was so sincere to the imperial court, Li Ling sighed, "Ah, the righteous! I, Li Ling and Wei Law, have sinned against heaven! " Said the tears dc, soaked the skirt, bid farewell to Su Wu. Li Ling was embarrassed to give Su Wu a gift in person and asked his wife to give dozens of cattle and sheep to Su Wu.
Later, Li Ling went to Beihai and said to Su Wu, "A prisoner in Yunzhong County was caught on the border, saying that all the officials and people below the prefect were in mourning and that the emperor was dead." Su Wu heard the news, facing south, tears streaming down her face, vomiting blood, crying for months every morning and evening.
Emperor Zhao of Han Dynasty ascended the throne, and a few years later, Xiongnu and Han reached a peace agreement. Hanting looked for Su Wu and others, and Xiongnu lied that Su Wu was dead. Later, the Han envoy went to Xiongnu again, and Chang Hui asked the guards to accompany him. At night, he met an envoy of the Han nationality and truthfully told the story of his stay in Xiongnu for several years. Ask the ambassador to tell him, "The son of heaven shot geese in the forest garden and said that Su Wu and others were in Beihai." Han emissary was very happy, so he asked Khan according to the method Chang Hui taught him. Khan looked at the people around him and was very surprised. He apologized to Ambassador China and said, "Su Wu and others are really alive." So Li Ling arranged a banquet to congratulate Su Wu, saying, "Today, you have returned to China, made a name for yourself among the Huns, and made great achievements in the royal neutrality of the Han Dynasty. Even if the deeds recorded in ancient history books and the characters painted in pictures, how can they surpass you! Although I am incompetent and timid in Liling, if Han Ting forgives my sins and doesn't kill my mother, I can realize my long-cherished wish under great shame, which may be similar to Cao Mo's engagement in Yike, and I will never forget it! Arresting and killing my family has become a great shame in the world. What should I care about? Forget it, just let you know my heart! I have become a foreigner, and this farewell will be isolated forever! " Li Ling danced and sang, "I crossed Wan Li, crossed the desert, led troops for the king and fought against the Huns. The road was cut off, the sword and arrow were destroyed, and all the soldiers were killed. My reputation has been ruined. My mother died, although I want to repay her! " Li Ling was in tears and said goodbye to Su Wu. Khan told Su Wu's men, plus those who surrendered and died before, a total of nine people followed Su Wu back.
In the spring of the sixth year of Emperor Zhao of Han Dynasty (8 1 BC), Su Wu returned to Chang 'an. Emperor Zhao ordered Su Wu to visit the mausoleum and temple of Emperor Wu with sacrifices. Appointed Su Wu as a vassal country with a salary of 2,000 stone; Give two million, two hectares of official land, and a residence. Chang Hui, Xu Sheng and Zhao Zhonggen were all the emperor's guards, and each of them gave two hundred silks. The other six, who are old, go home and give each of them money, free from corvee for life. Chang Hui later became a right general and was named a Liehou. He has a biography himself. Su Wu was imprisoned in Xiongnu 19 years. At the beginning, he went to the prime of life and came back with a white beard and hair.
In the second year of Su Wu's return to Han Dynasty, Shangguan Jie and Zi 'an rebelled with Prince Sang Hongyang and Gaizhu, and Su Yuan, the son of Su Wu, was executed for participating in Shangguan's conspiracy. At first, Shangguan Jie, Shangguan 'an and General Huo Guang fought for power and profit. Shangguan Jie and his son wrote down Huo Guang's fault many times and gave it to the prince, who told him to report Huo Guang to the emperor. It is also said that Su Wu went to the Huns for twenty years and did not surrender. After he returned to the Han Dynasty, he became a typical country. And the general's long history didn't make any contribution, but he was promoted to search for a surname, and Huo Guang was autocratic. When the prince and others rebelled and were killed, they tracked down their associates. Su Wu, Shangguan Jie and Sang Hongyang have always been old friends. The prince wrote several times because of his martial arts, and his son took part in the rebellion. The prison official wrote a letter demanding the arrest of Su Wu. Huo Guang put the throne of the supervisor on hold, and only removed Su Wu from his post.
A few years later, Emperor Zhao died. Su Wu, as a former 2000 stone official, participated in the plan to establish Xuan Di, and awarded him a knighthood and 300 restaurants. After a long time, Zhang Anshi, the general of Wei, recommended Su Wu Tongda to read allusions, and his mission was worthy of your life. Emperor Zhao's last words talked about these two advantages of Su Wu. Emperor Xuandi called Su Wu to the yamen for an edict. After many visits, I became a country in Youcao. Because Su Wu is an old minister with remarkable moral integrity, he only enters the DPRK on the first and fifteenth day of each month, and is regarded as a highly respected "wine sacrifice", which is very good for him. Su Wu gave all the rewards he got to his younger brother Su Xian and his former neighbors, leaving no property at home. The Queen's father Ping En Hou, Xuan Di's uncles Pingchang Hou and Lechang Hou, General Han Zeng, Prime Minister Wei Xiang and ancient adviser Bing Ji all respected Su Wu.
Su Wu was old, and his son had been executed before, so the emperor took pity on him. Ask people around: "Su Wu has been in Xiongnu for a long time. Does he have a son? " Su Wu stated to Emperor Xuandi through Ping En Hou: "In the past, when Xiongnu was sent, the married Xiongnu woman had just given birth to a son named Guo Tong. It is said that she wants to redeem the boy by sending gold, silver and silk through the Han messenger. " The emperor agreed. Later, Guo Tong returned to the Han Dynasty with the envoy of the Han Dynasty, and the emperor made him a Langguan. And let Su Wu's younger brother's son be the right Cao.
Su Wu lived to be in his eighties and died in the second year of Emperor Xuandi (the first 60 years).
(Feng Hairong)