Yes
At present, the research on news communication in developed countries has shifted from modern journalism, modern journalism and mass communication to social informatics. In the era when the public is becoming the main target of communication, people's understanding of the nature of the media has changed, and the ideological color has faded, that is, from emphasizing the objective reporting and criticism of power to emphasizing the "publicity" of the media.
The development of modern media is closely related to the development of modern society, especially the global total war system. The history of modern media can also be said to be the history of national mobilization in the formation of modern society.
Different from the media history written mostly by papyrus and Gutenberg, the uniqueness of this book lies in describing the establishment and construction process of media in modern society from the perspective of the formation of the overall war-national mobilization system formed after World War I (19 14). It can also be said that "this book is a modern media history focusing on the long19th century. Perhaps it is because of such a novel idea that the author can provide us with a way to understand modern media to some extent.
The author thinks that in the second half of the19th century, the nationalization of the masses and the globalization of information are advancing simultaneously. The formation of nation-state and the internationalization of information have also formed today's information society through systematic socialization and integration in the two world wars. The so-called total war system is a self-organizing system that makes people's daily lives in a state of war through national mobilization. In Japan, just as people pointed out that the "1940 system" still exists today, after building a high national defense system, people were placed in a state of "all-round war" called high economic growth and high informationization. Today, "mobilization" has not been lifted.
According to this idea, the author discusses the role of media in the formation of modern society, especially in the First World War. The historical facts listed by the author in the book are also worth recalling. For example, Britain set up a press bureau in August 19 14, which was engaged in propaganda against the enemy. 19 16 65438+ February, Lloyd? 9? Coalition cabinet was founded during the George War. In order to encourage fighting spirit, the "Intelligence Bureau" directly under the Prime Minister was established. 19 17 In August, Parliament established the National War Committee, and in August, 19 18 10, the Committee was reorganized into the "Intelligence Department", which was responsible for propaganda activities.
Historically, Germany has a tradition of engaging in news research. At the end of 19, there was a trend in Germany to pay attention to the social impact of news. 19 10 year, maximum? 9? In his speech at the first German Sociological Society, Weber believed that journalism should be studied as a science. Weber's advocacy further made people realize the importance of establishing journalism. Although the formation of German journalism depends on the knowledge and thinking tradition of the German nation, more importantly, the social ideological trend in a specific period directly contributed to the birth of this discipline. The occurrence of World War I promoted the prosperity of journalism research to a certain extent. 19 16, Leipzig University established the earliest journalism school in the world. Especially since the First World War, the media and war have become the concern of scholars. The reason for this phenomenon is that many Germans believe that in World War I, Germany "won on the battlefield, but was defeated by propaganda". "Max? 9? 9 In Politics as a Profession (19 19), Weber also mentioned "categorically clever enemy propaganda" and discussed the influence of the people's mentor, that is, journalists as instigators on popular democracy. The view that news has a strong influence has been widely spread in society, and people have begun to regard "journalism" as a policy science. 1922, Tonnis published a criticism of public opinion. 1926, Munich University established the International Journalism Institute, and Germany was at the forefront of journalism research at that time.
In the study of news communication, American academic circles have played an all-round role. The study of mass communication was formed in the wartime propaganda study of the United States in World War II. Lasswell, a political scientist, Lei Wen, a group psychologist, hovland, an experimental psychologist and lazarsfeld, a social statistician, are all great men in the study of mass communication, and their theoretical analysis models are still influential today. In particular, Shi Lamu once wrote that "the power of mass media is better than the atomic bomb", and later he revised it to subcutaneous injection acting on individuals, and put forward the theory of "bullet effect" for the first time. He opened the first doctoral course in mass communication in the United States at the University of Illinois, and wrote the classic textbook Mass Communication 1949, the first edition.
In addition to Germany, the United States and Britain, the author also inspected the Japanese media as an Asian country. Similarly, the Japanese media is also regarded as having a "bullet" effect.
What needs to be pointed out here is that the research on news communication in developed countries has shifted from modern journalism, modern journalism and mass communication to the stage of social informatics. Of course, the background of this change is that people's understanding of the nature of the media has changed and the ideological color has faded, that is, from emphasizing objective reporting and critical power to emphasizing the "publicity" of the media. Paying attention to the function of the media to provide public information can be said to be a concern of today's academic circles. This phenomenon can also be said to be a symbol of consciousness in a "postmodern" society.
The development of any subject seems to be inseparable from the social reality on which it is based. Compared with the west, the study of news and mass communication in China has just started, and the study of mass communication is still "outstanding". Before the 1980s, we knew little about media and communication, and communication was once regarded as bourgeois knowledge. Although this subject was transformed into a subject by Shi Lamu's theory as early as 1950s, we did not introduce it immediately. Marshall? 9? Mcluhan became famous for his understanding of media in 1964 —— On human extension. His concepts of "media is information" and "global village" have long been known in the western world, and have had a far-reaching impact on western humanities and social sciences, but we know little about McLuhan, a prophet. Nowadays, we live in a world called "global village". At first, we were not short of novelty, but as early as the 1960s, McLuhan had described this "living environment", especially the way people communicate.
Comparing the development of journalism and communication abroad is helpful to understand journalism and communication in China. In this sense, the history of modern media can also enlighten us on many levels.