Historical materialism is the application of dialectical materialism in the historical field.

Materialist dialectics:

Materialist dialectics is a philosophical method to study nature, society, history and thinking. It is one of the three basic historical forms of dialectics; It was first put forward by Marx and developed by other Marxists (such as Engels, Lenin, Trotsky, Mao Zedong, etc.). ) It is the core component of Marxist philosophy.

Materialist dialectics holds that "universal connection" and "eternal development" are two general basic characteristics of world existence, which reveals the dialectical essence of the whole world; The basic laws and categories of materialist dialectics reveal the connotation and extension of these two basic characteristics from different aspects; The contradictory viewpoint (that is, the unity of opposites) is the core of materialist dialectics.

The general characteristics of materialist dialectics:

The material world is universal and eternal, and it is the general feature of materialist dialectics to reflect this connection and development.

It is one of the differences between dialectics and metaphysics to regard things or phenomena as interrelated or isolated. Materialist dialectics holds that things or phenomena are interrelated. The so-called connection refers to the interaction, mutual influence and mutual restriction between things and the elements inside things.

Materialist dialectics (including contact view+development view+contradiction view+dialectical negation view)

The connection view of materialist dialectics

First, the principle of universality of contact.

World outlook: Everything is universally connected, and the connection is universal.

Methodology: Insist on the viewpoint of connection.

Second, the principle of objectivity of contact.

Worldview: connection exists objectively, is inherent in things, and is independent of human will?

Methodology: Grasp things from their internal relations and avoid subjectivity and randomness.

Third, the principle of diversity of contact.

World outlook: There are various connections between things, and the existence and development of all things are conditional.

Methodology: pay attention to analyzing and grasping the conditions for the existence and development of things. Everything varies with time, place and conditions.

Fourth, the principle of dialectical relationship between whole and part.

World outlook: the whole: the whole and the parts are different and interrelated.

A, the whole is in a dominant position, commanding the part, and has functions that the part does not have. The functional state of the whole and its changes will affect the part.

B, part in the dominant position, subordinate to serve the whole, but the function of key parts and their changes even play a decisive role in the function of the whole.

Methodology: always adhere to the unity of the whole and the part, focus on the whole and make overall plans.

First, establish a global concept, based on the overall situation, overall planning, and choose the best plan.

B, pay attention to the role of the local, do a good job of the local, and promote the overall development with local development.

Five, the principle of system optimization

World outlook: The system is composed of interrelated and interactive elements, and it has the trend of integrity, orderliness and optimization of internal structure.

Methodology: master the method of system optimization and understand things in a comprehensive way of thinking.

The development view of materialist dialectics tells us that the content and essence of development lies in the emergence of new things and the demise of old things. As a category of materialist dialectics, the so-called new things refer to things that conform to objective laws and historical directions and have great prospects; The so-called old things refer to things that violate objective laws, gradually lose the inevitability of existence and gradually perish in the process of historical development.

The distinction between old and new things can not be marked by the time sequence and the strength of a moment, let alone by people's subjective and arbitrary judgment. Whether it conforms to the inevitable trend of historical development is the fundamental symbol to distinguish between old and new things. The essential characteristics of the old and new things and the dialectical development of things determine that the new things will inevitably overcome the old things.