However, in China's present historical system, Song, Liao, Jin and Yuan are not in an equal position, whether in history or in political power.
Song history seems to be the mainstream and the main body of historical narrative. However, the related regimes of Liao, Jin, Xixia and Yuan history seem to be marginalized and not listed as official history.
Song history seems to be the mainstream and the main body of historical narrative. However, the related regimes of Liao, Jin, Xixia and Yuan history seem to be marginalized and not listed as official history.
In modern historiography, a popular and universal illusion is that Liao, Jin, Xia and even Mongolia seem to be just foreign and backward small regimes attached to the Song Dynasty.
This historical philosophy is not only inconsistent with objective historical facts, but also wrong in concept.
Song, Liao, Jin, Xia and Yuan were all separatist regimes with equal historical status in large and medium-sized countries in that historical period.
Although the Song Dynasty was the political power of the Han people, Song, Liao, Jin, Xia and Yuan, as the political powers of the Khitan, Nuzhen, Tangut and Mongolian tribes, are all part of Greater China, and naturally they should be on an equal footing with the Song Dynasty in the historical sense.
There are many false histories in China's history books, especially The History of Song Dynasty.
For example, in the Song Dynasty after the Five Dynasties, the Song Dynasty was established in the Central Plains and was an orthodox regime in history, while the Liao, Xia, Jin and Yuan Dynasties were marginalized foreign regimes and a small border country whose economy and culture lagged behind the Song Dynasty.
Some people who study the history of China in this period even completely ignore the existence of Liao Dynasty, Xia Dynasty, Jin Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty, and think that their history does not belong to the history of China and China. This is a misunderstanding that goes against historical facts.
Some people say that the Northern Song Dynasty once unified China, or the agricultural areas in China, which is deceptive.
The Northern Song Dynasty was only partial to the Central Plains and the north and south of the great river, and it was one of several separatist regimes in the field of Greater China at that time. The Northern Song Dynasty was not a prosperous dynasty that truly unified the whole territory of China like Han, Tang, Yuan, Ming and Qing.
The whole history of foreign relations in the Song Dynasty was embarrassing. The literati bureaucrats in the Song Dynasty had almost nothing to do but whoring and watering flowers, and made little achievements in history.
The Northern Song Dynasty surrendered to the Liao Dynasty after the signing of the Single Source Alliance. Since the establishment of the Southern Song Dynasty, it has not been a country with complete sovereignty.
1 14 1 year, Jin Song research institute signed the peace treaty of Shaoxing Peace Negotiation:
First of all, the emperor of the Song Dynasty accepted the knighthood of the State of Jin, and Song became a vassal, and all descendants of the world should observe the Minister's Day.
2. In the Southern Song Dynasty, 252,000 pieces of silver and 250,000 pieces of silk were paid to gold every year.
Third, the emperor of the Song Dynasty had to stand up and accept the "credentials" of the emperor of the Jin Dynasty, but the emperor of the Jin Dynasty did not have to stand up and accept the "credentials" of the Song Dynasty.
From then on, the Song Dynasty surrendered to the rulers, and the rulers became the suzerain and the Song Dynasty became a vassal state. In fact, it was the Song Dynasty that became the vassal state of the Jin Dynasty, not the Jin Dynasty as the vassal state of the Song Dynasty.
1 164, Song Xiaozong and Jin Shizong re-signed the Longxing Peace Conference, stipulating that the emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty was no longer a vassal of the Jin Dynasty, but was renamed the nephew emperor. Jin and Song Dynasties changed from the original "country of monarch and ministers" to "country of uncles and nephews". The original "Sui Gong" was renamed as "Sui Coin", and the number of silver silks was reduced from 250,000 to 200,000 per horse.
1208, Song Ningzong and Jin Zhangzong signed the Jiading Peace Conference again. The two sides stipulated that the "country of uncles" in the Jin and Song Dynasties should be changed to "country of uncles", and the "ancient coins" should be increased from 202,000 silver silks to 302,000 silver silks each.
Although the "land of monarch and minister" in Jin and Song Dynasties was changed to "land of uncles" or "land of uncles", the status of both sides was still unequal. The emperor of the Song Dynasty still called the ruler "uncle" or "uncle", and the emperor of the Song Dynasty still stood up and accepted the "credentials" presented by the ruler. Song presented the heads of Han Biaozhou and others who presided over the gold cutting to Jin.
The Song Dynasty condescended to the Jin Dynasty, which did not change until the demise of the Jin Dynasty.
In the first year of unification (1 14 1), in February, Emperor Xi of Jin made Hui Zong the dead king of Tianshui County, and Emperor Qin was the duke of Tianshui County. At first, the ruler made Song Huizong a second-class loyal duke, but after his death, he was made king and promoted to nobility, while Qin Zong was promoted to a second-class duke after his death. Take Tianshui as the county of Zhao.
Isn't it sad that the two great emperors of the Song Dynasty fell into such a situation? Funny? Alas!
The following focuses on the rare Millennium dynasty in the history of China: Liao Dynasty.
Liao Dynasty was founded in 9 16. Zhao Kuangyin, the founder of the Northern Song Dynasty, has not yet been born.
Among the four dynasties of Liao, Song, Jin and Yuan, the earliest founding time was Liao. If Khan was regarded as the starting point of the Liao Dynasty from Baoji, then the Liao Dynasty had a country in 907!
Liao Dynasty is a rare millennium dynasty in the history of China. However, in the Song Dynasty, it was only 3 19 years.
After the establishment of Liao Dynasty, it was originally called Qidan.
In 938 A.D., during the reign of Emperor Taizong of Liao Dynasty, Ye Lude was awarded sixteen states in Youyun, and the country name was changed to Liao.
However, the Khitan nationality is still called Khitan, while the Han nationality uses the name of Liao Dynasty.
In 947 AD, Ye Ludeguang captured Kaifeng, and held a ceremony of enthronement in Kaifeng City, claiming the title of emperor and Liao. However, Ye Ludeguang was soon driven away by the people of the Central Plains. This is the peak of the Liao Dynasty's development to the Central Plains.
In 983, the Liao Dynasty changed its name to Qidan.
After 1056, until the national subjugation, the country name used by Liao Dynasty was still Daliao. Beijing has been designated as the capital since the Liao Dynasty.
Five capitals of Liao Dynasty:
There were five capitals in Liao Dynasty, including Daxing Mansion in Zhongdu, Dading Mansion in Beijing, Datong Mansion in Xijing, Liaoyang Mansion in Tokyo and Kaifeng Mansion in Nanjing.
After the Jin dynasty replaced the Liao dynasty, it also followed its footsteps and established the five-Beijing system.
Liao Dynasty was not a backward regime established by nomadic barbarians. The embarrassment of the relationship between Liao and Song lies in that Liao is stronger than Song, and Liao's land area, national strength and economic strength greatly exceed Song's.
During the Liao and Jin Dynasties, the dominant land in China was the Liao Dynasty, not the Song Dynasty. The Liao Dynasty controlled the Silk Road of northern trade, so Central Asia, West Asia and Europe all regarded Qidan as China at that time. I don't know if there is a Song Dynasty, but what about the Southern Song Dynasty?
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In the twenty-fifth history, Shu Wei, northern Shu Qi, northern Zhou Shu, northern history, Liao history, Jin history, Yuan history and Qing history were all foreign dynasties, accounting for about one third of the twenty-fifth history.
In the Northern Dynasties, Han people were slaves of Xianbei Xiongnu. Later, they joined the royal family through marriage, and then usurped the throne and became the emperor, that is, Sui. Tang is a relative of the Sui Dynasty, so the royal family of the Sui and Tang Dynasties has Xianbei lineage.