Three years ago (5 1 year ago), Liu Ao was born in Chang 'an Jiaguan Painting Hall. Emperor Yuan of the Han Dynasty liked this grandson very much, and named him himself (named the steed). This is the great grandson, and he often keeps him by his side. [ 1]?

In the first year of Huanglong (the first 49 years), Emperor Gaozu Xuan Di died, and Liu Ao's father Liu Shi succeeded to the throne as Emperor of the Han Dynasty. In April of the second year of Yuan Dynasty (47 years), Liu Ao was made a prince. Liu Ao liked reading classics and writing when he was young. He was open-minded and cautious. On one occasion, Emperor Yuan wrote an urgent letter to Liu Ao. He didn't dare to cross the Imperial Road, so it took him a long time to see Yuan Di. Yuan Di was very happy when he learned the whole story, and ordered the prince to cross the equator directly. [2]?

Liu Ao is old and greedy.

As she grew older, Liu Ao began to indulge in fun all day, and her biological mother, the Queen, was not allowed to be loved by Yuan Di. [3]?

In the fourth year of Zhao Jian (the first 35 years), King Zhongshan died of illness and went to a funeral. It turned out that Liu was the younger brother of Emperor Han Yuan and grew up with him. When Emperor Han Yuan saw Liu Ao, he was moved to miss Liu Jing. His sadness couldn't stop, but when Liu Ao arrived, there was no sad expression. Emperor Han Yuan said angrily, "How can a person who is unkind and kind-hearted but can worship the ancestral temple and be the parents of the people be qualified?" [4]? "This means that Liu Ao doesn't deserve it. Emperor Han Yuan told his favorite, Stan [5], who had been instructed by him to protect the prince? Stan took off his hat and apologized to the Han emperor, saying, "I did see your majesty sad for King Zhongshan, and I was hurt by sentimentality. In the morning, the prince was ready to meet him. I privately told him not to cry, lest his majesty be sad. The sin is in the courtiers, when they die. " Hearing this, Emperor Yuan of the Han Dynasty slowly dismissed the blame. [6]?

Yuan Di once wanted to change the son of Fu Zhaoyi, the favorite princess, and Liu Kang, the "versatile" Yang Shan Wang (the second son of Emperor Han Yuan and the father of Liu Xin, the mourning emperor) into a prince [7]? Because he is a son who loves his grandson, and because Stanley maintained Ao's position, he did not implement it.

In the first year of Jingning (the first 33 years), Emperor Han Yuan died of illness in the harem. King Ding Tao and his son often waited on the couch, while Queen Wang and Ao rarely met the emperor. Wang He was worried and helpless. At this critical moment, as a personal favorite, Stan can go directly to the bedroom to visit the sick. When Yuan Di was the only one in the bedroom, he broke into the room alone and fell on Yuan Di's bed in tears, pleading for the prince. Yuan Di is soft-hearted and "has been traveling". Seeing Stan crying, he was deeply moved and sighed for a long time, saying that he would not depose the Prince. Hearing this, Stan felt confident and kowtowed and confessed. Emperor Han Yuan went on to say, "I'm afraid I won't get better. I hope you will help the Crown Prince well and don't live up to my great trust! " The position of Crown Prince Liu Ao has been stabilized. [8]?

Liu Ao succeeded to the throne.

In May of the first year of Jingning (the first 33 years), Emperor Liu of the Han and Yuan Dynasties collapsed. In June, Chu Jun Ao succeeded to the throne as Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty. His mother, Wang, was honored as the empress dowager. From then on, the Wang family stepped onto the political stage of the Western Han Dynasty, which also laid the groundwork for the later rebellion of Wang Mang. [9- 10]?

Liu Ao's spouse is very powerful.

The realization of Wang Zhaofei's ultra vires is closely related to Han Chengdi. At that time, consorts and eunuchs constantly seized power, and Emperor Han Chengdi adopted a series of checks and balances policies.

Wang mang

First of all, Emperor Han Chengdi used consorts to attack eunuch forces. In a long letter, Emperor Han Chengdi appointed Shi Xian, a powerful minister, as a servant, which made him out of the power center and lost his real power. Kuang Heng, the prime minister at that time, and Zhang Tan, the ancient adviser, exposed the past sins of Shixian and his followers. Shixian was demoted to his hometown. He died halfway and his minions were demoted.

Secondly, Emperor Han Chengdi used consorts and courtiers to suppress another group of consorts. When Emperor Cheng succeeded to the throne, Wang Feng first squeezed out Feng, the younger brother of Feng, who was powerful and famous, and forced Queen Xu's father to abdicate.

Third, Wang Feng crowded out the Prime Minister Wang Shang. The king's father is the uncle of Emperor Zhao of Han Dynasty, and his cousin is a general named Fu. This is also a consort family active in Yuan and Cheng politics. At that time, the only person who could compete with Wang Feng was the king. The king rose steadily in politics, not only because of his consorts' family background, but also because of his political knowledge and ability. The two men have different views on many issues, and their relationship is getting more and more tense. Wang Feng conspired with his consort Stan to send someone to secretly investigate the privacy of the king, and instigated the people in Pingyang (now Fuping, Shaanxi Province) to falsely accuse the king. Emperor Hancheng found it difficult to verify, but Wang Feng insisted on the investigation, so Emperor Hancheng had to be relieved of the post of prime minister of the king. Only three days after the king was pardoned, he vomited blood and died of grief and anger. Any relatives of their children who work in the palace will be expelled from Chang 'an. At this point, Wang Feng is autocratic and has no strong opposition. [ 10]?

Emperor Han Chengdi's application of the policy of checks and balances was unsuccessful, and the influence of the Wang family of the Empress Dowager continued to grow and became the final winner. The seven brothers of the Queen Mother were sealed, and the official position of the eldest Wang Feng was as high as that of the general Fu, and Wang's nephew Wang Mang began to emerge. After his death, the Wang family had no control in Korea, which created conditions for Wang Mang to usurp the Han Dynasty. [2]?

Liu Ao is dissolute and heartless.

Han Chengdi was addicted to debauchery even before he inherited the throne, and became even more unscrupulous after he ascended the throne. Emperor Han Chengdi had a Toy Boy Zhang Fang, and the history books recorded that he was "a beautiful boy with an open mind" [10]? . Emperor Han Chengdi loved him very much. On weekdays, "I slept with him and loved him very much." He also promoted Zhang Fang as a corps commander. They often visit each other anonymously and privately. When Emperor Xiandi went out to play, he pretended to be Zhang Fang's family. This shows the popularity of Zhang Fang at that time. [ 1 1]?

This incident caused dissatisfaction among courtiers, and all kinds of comments reached the ears of the Queen Mother. Coupled with the incitement of several uncles, the queen mother exiled Zhang Fang on trumped-up charges. Unable to bear the pain of missing him, Emperor Han called Zhang Fang back to Beijing for reunion many times and was forced to exile Zhang Fang. According to historical records, "often send him away with tears" [12]? Repeatedly, in addition to becoming an emperor, "books are endless" and letters spread thousands of miles; After that, I was afraid that the Zhao sisters would not do it again; But Zhang Fang "died of missing and crying." [ 12]?

After Emperor Han Chengdi ascended the throne, for his own indulgence, he spent huge sums of money to build Xiaoyu Yougong, Feitian Hall and Palace. At first, he devoted himself to doting on his teenage wife, Queen Xu. After 20 years, she gave birth to a son and a daughter, both of whom died, which caused the Wang Group to worry about having no children and daughters, and made the Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty pamper the Sixth Palace. Later, when the color of Queen Xu declined, the emperor felt the same way and began to love Ban Jieyu. Ban Jieyu gave birth to a boy who died within a few months. Ban Jieyu is beautiful but not gorgeous, beautiful but not vulgar. She is proficient in literature and history, and she also knows books very well. She doesn't have the "jealousy" problem of ordinary women. She dedicated her maid, Li, to Emperor Han Chengdi, and Li Ping was very lucky and was also named as a Jieyu. Emperor Han Chengdi said: "Empress Wei, who was filial to Emperor Wu, also started from humble beginnings." So Ping Li was given the surname "Wei" and she became Wei Jieyu. [ 10]?

Liu Ao swallows compete for favor.

When the Han Dynasty proclaimed itself emperor, there were several disasters. Liu Xiang, Gu Yong and other ministers all blame Queen Xu for her "special favor". In this way, Queen Xu's "money spent on pepper houses and courtyards" was reduced, and finally even the face of the emperor could not be seen. Queen Xu Can did not vent her dissatisfaction. Her sister, Mrs. Hou Ping, secretly cursed the pregnant concubine in the harem. This incident was exposed by Zhao, another favorite of Emperor Cheng, and others were executed for witchcraft. Empress Xu was deposed and later awarded the death penalty. [ 13]?

The position of the queen was vacant for two years, and Emperor Cheng had the idea of conferring Zhao as the queen. The Queen Mother Zheng Jun stopped it because of her humble life and not being a very good married woman. Later, Chun Yuchang mediated, and Emperor Gaozu named Zhao's father as Chengyang Hou, and Zhao became the daughter of Houmen before he ascended the throne of the queen.

In the first year of eternity (BC 16), Zhao Yanfei, Emperor of the Han Dynasty, was the queen, and Zhao Hede, Jin, was the Zhao Yi, giving Zhao Hede Zhaoyang Hall to live alone. In order to thank Chun Yuchang for his mediation, Emperor Cheng named Chun Yuchang as the Hou of Guannei and soon named him as the Hou of Dingling.

Liu Ao swallowed the emperor's grandson.

In order to please the new queen, Emperor Cheng asked the craftsmen to build a magnificent royal ship named "He Gong Ship" in the Taiye Pool of the Palace. One day, Emperor Cheng went boating with him to enjoy the scenery. Yan Fei, dressed in the purple dress of Nanyue Gong Yunying, was graceful and graceful, and danced while singing the song "Phoenix Return and Send Away". As an emperor, he asked assistant minister Feng blowing sheng to sing and dance. When the boat reached the midstream, the wind suddenly blew down Zhao, who was as light as a swallow. The emperor ordered Feng to save him. He threw away the musical instrument, grabbed the queen's foot and refused to let go, but continued to sing and dance. Since then, the story of "Swallows can dance on their hands" has been circulated in the palace.

a surname

When Zhao was immersed in the splendor of the mother instrument world, she fell out of favor. The beloved Zhao Hede, who grew up with Zhao, had great respect for her sister and spared no effort to protect her before becoming emperor. Therefore, Yan Fei's position has not been shaken by the change of the emperor. The Zhao sisters, especially Zhao Hede, have been spoiled for more than ten years, but neither of them has children.

There is a female official named Cao Weineng in the palace. She is pregnant with a child who has become an emperor. In labor, Zhao Hede took the emperor's imperial edict to hit Huangmen Tianke, poisoned Cao Ji, took the baby away, and finally disappeared. Later, Xu's concubine became pregnant, and Emperor Han secretly sent a doctor to visit her and gave Xu three precious pills to protect the fetus. After Xu gave birth to his son, Zhao Hede found out, cried and made a scene, and finally coerced Emperor Cheng to strangle his son. The cruelty of the Zhao sisters is outrageous, and the ignorance of Emperor Han Chengdi is beyond measure. At that time, a nursery rhyme teased Zhao: "Yan Yan, Wei Kou, Zhang Gongzi, meet each other when you are free. Wooden door canglanggen, swallow, pecking the emperor's grandson. When the grandson dies, the swallow pecks at the arrow. " [ 14]?

Emperor Han Chengdi married his wife, Empress Xu, and gave birth to a son and a daughter, but they all died young soon. After having a son with Ban Jieyu, he also died young; Later, Zhao and Zhao Hede were favored and childless. The Zhao sisters persecuted the harem, which led to the final death of Emperor Han Cheng, and the throne could only be inherited by his nephew.

In the first year of He Sui, Kang, the son of Ding Daogong, the son of Emperor Cheng of Han Dynasty, was named COVID-19.

Liu Ao pushed the Prime Minister to disaster.

In the second year of Liu Xin's appointment as Crown Prince, that is, in February of the second year of He Sui (the first seven years), an unusual astronomical phenomenon appeared. Mars, which shines brightly in the Han Dynasty, has lost its former luster, as if it had been watered. At that time, people were in a panic and thought that the emperor would have an accident. Liu Ao was extremely nervous and looked for a solution.

At this moment, a self-proclaimed astrologer, Li Ben Blackpink, appeared. He said it was easy, as long as he found a powerful priest to be body double. So the Prime Minister Zhai was summoned immediately and asked him to be loyal to his country. When Zhai just returned to the Prime Minister's Office, Liu Ao's letters came one after another, reprimanding Zhai and saying that he was not qualified to be the Prime Minister. As a result, political affairs were chaotic and natural disasters continued, so he had to do it himself, and Zhai had to commit suicide.

When he got the news of the death of the Prime Minister, Liu Ao held a grand funeral for Zhai Jinfang and personally went to pay his respects. He thought that the disaster had receded and he expected to live a long life. [ 15]?

Liu Ao died of a stroke.

Sui and two years (the first seven years) in February, spent the night in Weiyang Palace, and got up the next morning to get dressed, ready to go to see Ada, the king of Chu, and Liu Li, the king of Liang. Who knows, I just put on pantyhose, but I haven't put on my clothes yet, and suddenly I was stiff and speechless, and I had a stroke and couldn't move.

In March of the second year of He Sui, Emperor Han Chengdi suffered a stroke in Zhao Hede's arms and died suddenly in Weiyang Palace in Chang 'an. Empress Xiao Yuan "treated the emperor's daily symptoms" and Zhao Hede committed suicide.

Emperor Han Chengdi reigned for 25 years and was 45 years old. Posthumous title, "Emperor Cheng Xiao", was buried in Yanling (East of Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province).

After the death of Emperor Hancheng, the Crown Prince believed in the succession and mourned for Emperor Hancheng. [ 10]?

Liu Ao's Political Initiative

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Liu Ao attaches importance to agriculture.

During the reign of Emperor Han Chengdi, agronomists were promoted to be representatives, and later they were appointed as "ambassadors to persuade agriculture", responsible for "teaching three kinds of assistance". Fan Sheng Zhi's Fan Sheng Zhi is the first complete monograph on agricultural science in China, which has developed agronomy since the Warring States Period. It was widely used in various places at that time and enjoyed a high reputation, which also had a far-reaching impact on later generations. [ 16]?

Liu Ao collects books.

In the third year of peace (the first 26 years), after Liu Che, Emperor Han Chengdi once again interviewed books and documents on a large scale throughout the country.

The earliest national library in China-Chang 'an Tianlu Pavilion

Emperor Hancheng ordered Chen Nong, the messenger, to ask for a suicide note on earth, Liu Xiang, the doctor of Guanglu, to sort out the books he interviewed, and Liu Xiang to study classics, philosophers and poems. Military books of infantry captains; Taishi ordered the virtuous to look up the number; Li, the physician supervisor, finished a book in various schools, edited its contents, summarized its will, made a summary, discussed its reference, argued its fallacies, and sent it together with the final draft, which he personally reviewed and decided. The editing and proofreading of books and documents in this period had a far-reaching impact on bibliography, proofreading and book collection in later generations. The earliest classified cataloging "Bielu" and "Qilv" came out here, which initiated the earliest book classified cataloging practice in the world. [ 17]?

Liu Ao is a good neighbor.

In the first month of the fourth year of peace (the first 25 years), Huns Khan came to Chang 'an to face the Han Dynasty. In April of the same year, Iraq sent envoys.