Development trend of world shipping
Shipping, especially international shipping, has two characteristics. First of all, the international shipping market is a very open market. Compared with other markets, countries have a low degree of control over the foreign trade shipping market, and international shipping competition is fierce. Second, the development of international shipping is closely related to the development of the world economy, and shipping demand is an important derivative demand of world economic and trade demand. From the statistical point of view, the correlation coefficient between world shipping and world economy from 2000 to 2007 was as high as 0.99.
1. Development trend of international shipping demand
In 2007, the total world economy (GDP) reached 54 trillion US dollars, and the total world trade (import and export volume) reached 34 trillion US dollars. Faced with the challenges of high international oil prices, rising interest rates in major economies and global economic imbalances, the world economy is still performing strongly, maintaining a high economic growth rate continuously, and the world economy as a whole is in a period of rapid growth. Affected by the financial crisis, the global trade financing situation has deteriorated seriously recently. At present, the liquidity gap in trade finance is about $25 billion. The growth rate of the world economy is slowing down and the trade volume is shrinking. In the future, the world economy and trade will face more severe challenges.
85% of international trade in goods depends on shipping. Looking at the development course of world shipping demand, we can see that the changes of world economy and trade lead to the fluctuation of shipping demand, and at the same time dominate the development trend of world shipping demand, which also provides space and opportunities for the development of shipping industry.
2. Changes in the world shipping market
Baltic Dry Freight Index (BDI) is a barometer of shipping market. Since the beginning of the new century, the shipping market has experienced ups and downs. At the end of 2007, the subprime mortgage crisis broke out in the United States, and in September 2008, the global financial crisis marked by the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers broke out. In the second half of 2008, the BDI index plummeted, with an average of 6,390 points in 2008, down 10% from 2007.
2008 was even more dramatic, reaching an all-time high of 1 1793 on May 20th, 2008. After that, BDI plummeted, reaching 663 points on February 5, 2008, a record low, with a drop of over 90%. Tragedy and comedy are staged at the same time in one year. 2008 became the most unstable year in the shipping market.
3. World fleet and enterprise development
1995, the total fleet capacity of the world was 670 million dwt, which was increased to 750 million dwt in 2000 and further developed to 654.38 billion dwt in 2007. After a long period of development, the world shipping fleet has achieved a professional division of labor. The tanker fleet is the largest tonnage fleet, forming a relatively stable fleet structure, and basically establishing VLCC as the representative of large tankers at the end of the period. The dry bulk fleet is the second largest fleet in the world. The increasing demand for iron ore and coal transportation has slowed down the large-scale ships, and the proportion of large ships has been increasing. The rapid development of container transportation has driven the growth of the world container fleet, making it the third largest specialized fleet in the world. Its large-scale and professional development is still the development symbol of the future container fleet.
Although the total size of the world shipping fleet has reached 654.38 billion dwt in 2007, the financial crisis in 2008 will seriously hinder the development of the world shipping fleet. The global financial tsunami triggered banks to tighten credit, making it increasingly difficult for shipping companies to borrow money from banks to build new ships.
Since September 2008, the global new shipbuilding contracts have been declining. The latest data shows that only 8 shipbuilding orders were added in February 2009. From the current form, the world shipbuilding industry is still facing great challenges.
The world's major shipping companies are decision makers to control and optimize the capacity structure. The world oil demand and supply are very concentrated, so the concentration of the world oil transportation fleet is also very high. The largest tanker company mainly operates in VLCC, with a fleet size of 65,438+07,065,438+00,000 DWT. The top ten oil tanker companies in the world control about 26.3% of the global transportation capacity. At present, no company in China has entered the top ten oil transportation companies in the world.
Shipping companies operating dry bulk carriers have maintained the trend of intensive and large-scale development while jointly operating. China's dry bulk fleet has developed rapidly, and COSCO Group has been ranked first in the world for many years. In 2008, the fleet capacity reached 6.5438+0932 million deadweight tons, and China Shipping Group ranked eighth in the world, with a total scale of 4.4 million deadweight tons.
The merger and development of world liner companies has promoted the scale of container liner transportation. In the past ten years, Maersk has always ranked first in the world, and its control capacity reached 2.04 million TEUs in 2008.
China container liner companies represented by COSCO Group and China Shipping Group rank fifth and eighth respectively in the world. From the perspective of development mode, the two major domestic liner companies mainly rely on new shipbuilding and chartering to expand the scale of control capacity, and only strengthen cooperation with other liner companies through alliances, and the development speed is relatively slow. Only by seeking the development mode of capital operation and merger and acquisition can the two major domestic container liner shipping companies make new breakthroughs.
Understanding of China Shipping Development
In the new century, China's marine development will generally go through the strategic preparation stage of 200 1-2004 and the strategic framework stage of 2005-20 10, and will basically become a world shipping power by 2020.
1. The position of China's shipping in the national economy.
More than 90% of China's foreign trade materials are completed by sea. In 2007, shipping undertook the transportation task of 65.438+0.85 billion tons of foreign trade goods, becoming the largest maritime demand country in the world. Among them, 99% of China's iron ore transportation is completed by sea, with an import scale of 440 million tons, making it the largest importer in the world; The throughput of foreign trade containers reached 77.4 million TEUs, accounting for more than 90% of China's container transportation, ranking first in the world; Oil imports1.800 million tons, making it an important oil importer. It can be seen that shipping is a strategic channel for China to integrate into economic globalization and an important support for the country to realize the utilization of international and domestic resources and markets.
It is precisely because of this factor that coastal provinces and cities account for more than 60% of China's GDP, and the total foreign trade import and export accounts for 92% of China. With the port navigable for 20,000-ton ships as the center and the radius of 200 kilometers, the 60 cities included account for 85% of China's total foreign trade import and export.
China's transport service trade has long been the second largest item of service trade, but its growth rate is amazing. From 2000 to 2007, the average annual growth rate of transportation service trade was 26.9%, while that of China was 2 1%, while that of the world was only 1 1.2%. From 2000 to 2007, the proportion of China's transportation service trade in the total service trade rose from 2 1.3% to 29.7%, and in 2007 it surpassed tourism for the first time. China's maritime service trade accounts for 70% of the transportation service trade, especially in the field of cargo transportation, accounting for nearly 90% of the total freight service trade. Therefore, it can be said that maritime service trade is the most important part of transportation service trade and even service trade. In 2005, China's maritime service trade volume exceeded 30 billion US dollars, with a certain scale. From 2000 to 2005, China's maritime service trade increased by 3 1.9% annually. In particular, the export growth rate is as high as 4 1.7%, which is three times the average growth rate of Japan, Germany, Britain, Greece, Norway and Denmark, indicating that China's maritime industry has considerable international competitiveness. In the process of participating in international competition, China shipbuilding industry has built a large number of service outlets around the world, and initially established a global service network. In terms of scale, international competitiveness and overseas commercial existence, there is still a big gap between other domestic service industries and the maritime industry. It can be said that the maritime industry is the largest service industry in China, and truly "going out" to participate in international competition is an important part of China's development of service trade.
While people all over the world generally demand peace, international political, economic and military struggles are becoming increasingly fierce, and local conflicts and emergencies occur from time to time. Shipping companies can play a role through their ships and outlets all over the world, quickly transport important materials and personnel, safeguard national security interests, minimize national losses and enhance the country's international prestige. The United States called its merchant fleet the "fourth arm" after the navy, navy and air force, and formulated an operating subsidy policy to protect the development of the maritime fleet. Many countries in the world clearly stipulate in their shipping laws that their merchant fleets not only serve their own economic development, but also guarantee or guarantee to serve national security in an emergency. Therefore, shipping is an effective force for China to handle international political, military and economic affairs.
2. China's maritime demand and the development trend of coastal ports.
Since 2000, China's economy has developed at a high speed, and its GDP has increased from 9.9 trillion yuan in 2000 to 30 trillion yuan in 2008, with an average annual growth rate of 9.9%. In 2005, China's GDP ranked fourth in Lian Chao, France and Britain for the first time. At present, China's economic aggregate is still the third in the world. In contrast, China's foreign trade has achieved sustained and rapid development. In 2000, the total import and export volume of China's foreign trade was only US$ 474.3 billion, reaching US$ 2.6 trillion in 2008, with an average annual growth rate of 23.5%.
The American subprime mortgage crisis that broke out last year has been spreading and deepening since this year, and even a global financial crisis has occurred, and the world economy has slowed down significantly. The deterioration of the international economic environment has had a relatively obvious adverse impact on China's national economy. In 2008, China's GDP growth rate dropped from 10.6% in the first quarter to 9% in the fourth quarter.
Meanwhile, the global economic downturn has weakened the demand for international trade. Last August, the growth rate of China's import and export dropped sharply, only 22%. It further declined in September, reaching 2 1.4%, until the growth rate of import and export showed a negative growth of 1.5% in the fourth quarter.
From the analysis of the development of economy, trade and major industries, the growth of throughput demand of coastal ports in 2000~20 10 can be divided into two stages: 2000~2004 is called strategic preparation stage; The period from 2005 to 20 10 is another stage, which is called the strategic framework stage.
In the strategic preparation stage, "significant progress will be made in quantity growth". During this period, the growth rate gradually increased, and the annual net increment also gradually increased. By this turning point in 2004, the growth rate reached the peak of 23%, with an annual growth of 475 million tons. Entering the strategic framework stage, the annual net increment remained at the level of 2004, and the growth rate gradually declined. After 2008, the annual net increment will also decrease, and the growth rate will drop significantly. Due to the financial crisis, this decline will be further accelerated.
From 2000 to 2007, China's demand for foreign trade and shipping increased rapidly, and its position in the international shipping market became increasingly important. Taking the port foreign trade throughput as an index to measure world shipping's volume, in 2000, China's port foreign trade throughput only accounted for 9.6% of world shipping's volume, but by 2007, this index had reached 23.3%.
Inland river is closely related to the development of shipping, and strengthening the construction of inland river is one of the important ways for regional foreign trade to play a radiating role. After years of construction, China is entering the golden age of inland shipping development. From 200 1 to 2007, the throughput of inland ports increased annually by 18.9%. Higher than the growth rate of coastal ports in the same period. China inland waterway transportation is gradually exerting its comparative advantages of large transportation capacity, small floor space, low energy consumption, light pollution and low cost. Therefore, inland river transportation is an important part of China's maritime transportation.
In 2000, the container throughput of China port was 23.48 million TEU, and reached 654.38+0.2 billion TEU in 2008, with an average annual growth rate of 23.7%. In addition, the throughput of China coastal ports has increased steadily year by year, reaching 4.46 billion tons in 2008. It is worth mentioning that in 2008, there were 1 4 large coastal ports in China with a throughput of more than1100 million tons, including 8 large ports with a throughput of more than 200 million tons.
Among the top 20 ports in the world in terms of cargo throughput in 2000, there were only four ports in China. Among the top 20 ports in the world in terms of cargo throughput in 2006, nine ports in China have gained a place, among which Shanghai Port ranks first in the world.
In 2000, among the top 15 ports in the world, there were only four in China. In 2008, there were 8 ports on the list, including 6 in Chinese mainland and 1 port in China, Hongkong and Taiwan Province. Shanghai Port jumped from the sixth place in the world in 2000 to the second place, and the container throughput reached 2,865,438+900,000 TEUs.
It can be seen that the status of China Port in the world is rising year by year, and the overall scale and completion of China Port are among the top in the world.
From the perspective of cargo structure, the throughput of coastal ports in recent years has the following characteristics: First, the proportion of cargo types suitable for container loading has been continuously improved, which has effectively promoted the development of container transportation in China. Secondly, the transformation of oil from export-oriented to import-oriented has become one of the characteristics of China's foreign trade structure adjustment. Thirdly, due to the imbalance of coal resources, production and consumption, coal has become the first category of coastal transportation in China.
Judging from the structural adjustment of the wharf, it has obviously accelerated in recent years. First, the trend of large-scale wharf is obvious, especially for berths above 654.38+10,000 tons. Secondly, the characteristics of specialization are remarkable. Specialized berths such as oil, coal, iron ore, containers and ro-ro have accounted for 57.6% of large-scale deep-water berths.
3. Development of China's fleet and shipping enterprises.
China's fleet capacity has achieved steady growth in recent years, and its international status has gradually improved. In 2007, the total transportation capacity reached 69.07 million deadweight tons, and the transportation control capacity ranked fourth in the world. Among them, the tanker fleet reached 6,543,804,070 dwt, ranking eighth in the world; The bulk cargo fleet reached 37.56 million deadweight tons, ranking third in the world; The container fleet is 7.09 million deadweight tons, ranking sixth in the world.
Cosco and China Shipping, two major shipping companies in China, have finally established their position in the international market after years of reform and strategic adjustment. At present, COSCO Group has more than 100 outlets in more than 50 countries and regions. Cosco aims to build itself into a world-class multinational company around 20 10. Among the top ten liner companies in the world, COSCO and China Shipping ranked fifth and eighth respectively, with a total control capacity of 497,000 TEUs and 455,000 TEUs.
Among the top ten bulk carrier companies in the world, COSCO ranks first, with a total capacity of 654.38+09.32 million deadweight tons. China Shipping ranks eighth with a total capacity of 4.4 million deadweight tons. However, in the ranking of the top ten oil tanker transportation companies in the world, China Shipping Company did not get a place.
4. Crew and the development of shipping industry
At present, there are more than 530,000 crew members in China, including 65,438+700,000 senior crew members (excluding the crew on duty). Inland river crew 1.02 million. China has a crew of 6.5438+0.55 million, ranking first in the world. At present, there are more than 654.38+million seafarers in China (including Chinese-funded ships flying flags of convenience), including more than 9,000 seafarers from COSCO Group (excluding Chinese-funded ships flying flags of convenience), 6,000 seafarers from China Shipping Group, 3,500 seafarers from Huayang Shipping Center, and 2,200 seafarers from Xiamen Hailong Foreign Labor Cooperation Co., Ltd. ... China has nearly 5,000 ocean captains and 5,000 ocean-going certificates.
In the new century, with the sustained, healthy and rapid development of China's national economy and the gradual acceleration of the process of economic globalization, with the great attention of the state and the joint efforts of the shipping industry, China's crew construction has achieved prosperity and development. At the same time, we must clearly realize that at present, the crew structure in China is unreasonable, the general crew is surplus, the senior crew, especially those qualified to operate large container ships, VLCC, LNG and other ships, are in short supply, and the comprehensive quality of the crew is not high; In addition, due to the decline of seafarers' professional advantages, serious loss of high-quality seafarers and other outstanding problems also exist in reality.
5. China is the main feature of world shipping.
On the demand side, since 2003, China's port throughput has become the first in the world. Since 2002, container port throughput has become the first in the world. In 2007, China's maritime foreign trade demand was 65.438+0.85 billion tons (foreign trade throughput), and the coastal transportation volume was 920 million tons (coastal transportation volume), ranking first in the world in terms of demand scale. On the supply side, China controls a shipping fleet of 69.07 million deadweight tons, ranking fourth in the world, among which flag-flying ships account for 45%. The efficiency of port operation has been in the forefront of the world. On June 3, 2008, the hourly efficiency of ships in Shanghai Yangshan Port Area was 850.53. In terms of marine equipment manufacturing, China ranks third in the world in shipbuilding capacity and shipbuilding volume; Container manufacturing capacity and output rank first in the world; Zhenhua port machinery accounts for 70% of the global container terminal market. In terms of international status, China has been elected as an IMO member for 10 times in a row. At the same time, we have COSCO Group and China Shipping Group, which are internationally competitive and have networks all over the world. Therefore, it can be said that China has stepped into the ranks of the world's shipping powers.
6. Opportunities for maritime development in China.
Shipping enterprises are the earliest enterprises in China to go international and integrate into the international shipping market. The implementation of the policy of opening to the outside world has not only enabled China shipping industry to understand and absorb the development experience of international shipping industry, but also gradually formed its own competitive advantage in international competition, which has become an important support for national economic development and economic security.
The shipping industry is firmly grasping the historical opportunity of major decision-making arrangements such as the reform and opening up of the party and the country and China's accession to the WTO, deepening the reform of the management system, opening wider to the outside world and accelerating its integration with the international market. It has effectively liberated and developed the productive forces and promoted the sustained and healthy development of the maritime industry. At present, China's marine development faces the following three opportunities:
One is economic globalization and China's opening to the outside world. Looking at the international and domestic situation, in the long run, under the process of economic globalization and China's opening to the outside world, China has gradually integrated into the global economic system, which has promoted the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization in China, while the fundamentals and long-term positive trend of China's economic and social development have not changed. In this process, infrastructure construction, upgrading of industrial structure and consumption structure, environmental protection, ecological construction and development of social undertakings have generated great demand for maritime transport, creating a rare period of strategic opportunities for China's maritime transport development.
The second is the outbreak of the international financial crisis. The international financial crisis, which began at the end of 2007, had a great impact on international economy and trade, and also had a negative impact on China's maritime development. But at the same time, we should also see that "crisis" also breeds "opportunity" First of all, in the international financial crisis, the financial markets of developed countries in Europe and America were the first to bear the brunt, which led to a sharp drop in the market value of many outstanding enterprises. At the same time, China holds a large amount of foreign exchange reserves, which creates a rare historical opportunity for large enterprises, including China Shipping Corporation, to "go global" to control strategic assets such as shipping, terminals, energy and resources. Secondly, in order to reduce the impact of the financial crisis on China's real economy, the China Municipal Government has issued 10 "Plan for the Adjustment and Revitalization of Key Industries", in which the development of iron and steel industry, automobile industry and other industries will certainly stimulate the demand for energy and raw materials such as iron ore and crude oil, which also provides short-term support for shipping demand. The Plan for the Adjustment and Revitalization of Logistics Industry emphasizes accelerating the development of international logistics and bonded logistics, and the implementation of this plan will also promote the development of shipping.
The third is comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development. Comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development requires promoting the construction of a resource-saving and environment-friendly society. Maritime transportation has the advantages of large transportation capacity, small floor space, low energy consumption, light pollution and low cost, which meets the requirements of building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society. The State Council proposed "accelerating the development of modern service industry" as one of the important means to change the mode of economic development, effectively alleviate the bottleneck of energy shortage and improve the efficiency of resource utilization. As a part of waterway transportation, shipping is not only a basic and leading industry of the national economy, but also a service industry, and it has obvious advantages in transforming into a modern service industry. Therefore, the sound and rapid development of shipping is the implementation of comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development, and the introduction of macro-policies and measures of relevant countries will provide a rare opportunity for shipping development.
While discovering development opportunities, we should also realize that China's marine development faces many challenges. At present, the main challenges are embodied in five aspects: first, the development of water transport is facing an increasingly fierce competitive environment; Second, the water transport safety situation is generally stable, and hidden dangers still exist; Third, the management and control of the sea passage is weak, and the safety of the strategic resources sea passage is facing challenges; Fourth, the development of infrastructure is facing the increase of resource availability and cost; Fifth, it is a challenge to speed up the scientific and technological innovation of water transport, improve the quality of personnel and improve the incentive mechanism.
China Shipping Development Goal
1. Mission and goal of marine development in China
Based on the basic national conditions of large population, abundant labor force, relative shortage of natural resources and limited environmental capacity, and China's basic international status as a developing country with the largest economic and trade scale in the world, rather than a military power, in order to realize the strategic goal of China's peaceful development and building a well-off society in an all-round way, the strategic task of China's maritime development in the future is to establish a maritime system that is armed with world-class technology, ensures passenger and cargo transportation and national security, and is convenient, efficient, environmentally friendly and internationally competitive.
The overall goal of developing marine transportation can be summarized as "building a maritime power" in one sentence!
2. The connotation of maritime power
A maritime power refers to a country that has a strong influence on maritime transportation. To a great extent, shipping is a highly competitive and open international market, and a maritime power is a comparative position relative to other countries and regions. A maritime power is dynamic, a power gradually formed in the fierce competition in the marine market, technical standards and rules, and a maritime power gradually developed on this basis.
3. Macro-goal of maritime power
Maritime power is produced through international competition. The purpose of building a maritime power is to effectively guarantee the development of the national economy. Its macro goal can be summarized as competitiveness and leadership, and competitiveness can be reflected by the export of maritime service trade. The leading role is reflected in making great contributions to the development of world shipping.
4. Industrial goals of maritime powers
From the inside of the shipping industry, the internal support to realize the strategic goal of "maritime power" is mainly reflected in five aspects: first, it has a strong international shipping fleet; Second, it has a modern port system; Third, it has domestic and global shipping brands; Fourth, there is a perfect support and guarantee system; Fifth, it has the ability to react efficiently and quickly.
Measures to promote the development of maritime transport, the work to be done in the future and the direction of efforts.
There are many factors that affect the development of shipping, especially the shipping facing fierce international competition, which has gone far beyond the scope of transportation in many aspects. Therefore, in addition to the efforts of the Ministry of Transport, the development of maritime transport also needs the support of various management departments such as finance and trade. This part talks about my personal thoughts on promoting the development of maritime transport.
1. Make long-term development, maintenance and utilization plans for water transport resources.
The capacity building of fleet and port infrastructure is an important guarantee for the development of maritime transport. We should complete the thorough investigation of port shoreline resources as soon as possible. On this basis, combined with the national economic development goals and marine development needs, the port shoreline planning is formulated to effectively provide resources development, maintenance and utilization support for the long-term development of the ocean, gradually rationally utilize, save and protect marine resources, improve resource utilization efficiency, and continuously provide high-quality resources for marine development. At the same time, a controllable resource transportation fleet will be built to enhance the ability to respond to emergencies and ensure smooth transportation channels.
The significance of developing river-sea direct transportation goes beyond shipping itself. We should do a good job in development planning, strive to improve the cooperative development mechanism with the border rivers of neighboring countries, invest quickly once favorable opportunities arise, and work closely with relevant state departments and enterprises to realize the sea passage to the Gulf of Thailand, the Sea of Japan and the Sea of Okhotsk as soon as possible, so as to promote the further development of international trade.
2. Improve the legal system and standardize the shipping market.
On the basis of existing laws and regulations, speed up the formulation of laws and regulations such as waterway law and shipping law. According to the implementation effect of the Port Law, formulate management regulations or implementation measures matching the Port Law to improve the operability of port management regulations. According to the actual development of China Free Trade Port, the Free Trade Port Law and its supporting implementation rules are formulated.
Improve the transportation guarantee mechanism of key materials, standardize and legalize the transportation management of key materials, establish a transportation coordination mechanism with different levels of responsibility, strengthen the supervision and coordination of hub ports and coastal transportation corridors, and ensure the smooth transportation of bulk materials such as coal, petroleum ore, military materials, emergency relief materials, agricultural and sideline products and people's daily necessities.
Formulate industrial safety assessment regulations and implementation rules, and set up an inter-departmental transnational investment M&A review committee to assess the economic safety of foreign investment M&A of China shipping enterprises. And make a ruling on whether the merger will cause monopoly and threaten the national economic security.
Establish a regular evaluation mechanism for existing laws and regulations, and timely adjust and modify provisions and clauses that do not meet actual needs and fair competition. Gradually cancel the preferential policies for foreign investment in mature areas and create a level playing field.
Improve law enforcement and market supervision mechanisms, and strictly implement the market standards for enterprises, equipment and crew in the maritime market. Fully implement the responsibility of safety management and increase the cost of safety accidents. Optimize transportation capacity and organizational structure, and promote technical upgrading of transportation equipment.
Encourage trade associations to play an active role in "providing services, responding to demands, and standardizing behaviors" and strengthen the construction of industry self-discipline behaviors, which has become one of the important coordinating forces for enterprises to compete in an orderly manner.
3. Create a good policy environment to enhance the international competitiveness of shipping and related service enterprises.
Reengineering the development chain of shipping industry. Form a complete interactive mechanism and system among the government, transport service providers, transport equipment providers, transport service demanders and transport service stakeholders, and transform from a single enterprise to the whole maritime industrial chain.
Combined with the periodic fluctuation characteristics of water transport, in order to prevent state-owned enterprises from taking improper measures to ensure annual benefits, we should start to improve the long-term assessment mechanism of enterprises and encourage large shipping enterprises to achieve sustainable development.
Encourage large shipping enterprises and terminal operators to cooperate with the financial system, explore the establishment of a good financing platform, and basically have the financing ability of counter-cyclical operation.
Combined with the investment of R&D enterprises, the government has invested funds to support shipping enterprises to improve their technical level.
Encourage large maritime enterprises to carry out domestic mergers and acquisitions through capital means to achieve rapid development and improve enterprise structure. Encourage shipping and related service enterprises to go abroad.
Combined with the experience of European countries, we will establish a personal income tax deduction policy for individual investment flag fleet, encourage the whole people to invest in the shipping industry, reduce the financing cost of shipbuilding, and improve shipping borrowing capacity.
Raise the threshold of personal income tax for seafarers and reduce the income tax rate.
4. Actively participate in international ocean affairs and give full play to China's growing advantages as a maritime power.
Large terminal companies, shipping companies and CCS join hands with the government to hold various international maritime development forums regularly, organize research on international maritime issues, actively participate in the research, formulation and revision of relevant international conventions, and realize benign interaction with international conventions. We should strengthen our contacts with other countries and jointly carry out anti-piracy actions to ensure the safe development of international maritime transport.
5. Encourage scientific and technological innovation and speed up personnel training.
Combined with the national intellectual property policy, we will create a talent development environment and innovative incentive mechanism in the maritime industry, and train a group of young academic and technical leaders at the forefront of international transportation science and technology.
While speeding up the construction of the basic database and information system of maritime service trade, the government should give full play to the role of domestic trade associations and intermediary organizations, establish a platform for the third-party electronic information service system in the transportation service market, and speed up the improvement of the basic database and information system of maritime service trade, so that it can reflect the proportion of China's foreign trade and the shipping needs of third countries, as well as the detailed structure of maritime service trade. Provide effective information support for enterprise decision-making, industry development and government decision-making.
The government has increased investment in education, applied basic research, the construction of scientific research bases and the construction of a platform for sharing scientific and technological information resources, and encouraged Industry-University-Research to combine and tackle key problems in various ways to improve the efficiency of the transformation of achievements. Encourage the research and development of new technologies, new equipment and new products for energy conservation and consumption reduction, and eliminate high-energy-consuming equipment and loading and unloading processes through market access management. Strengthen information construction, participate in the construction of electronic ports in China, promote the development of e-government of shipping management and e-commerce of shipping industry, occupy the commanding heights of information in shipping industry, and guide the healthy development of the industry with information management industry and service industry.
Combined with the progress of major infrastructure construction, equipment manufacturing and management, as well as the development of large shipping enterprises and terminal companies, we will speed up the training of visionary entrepreneurs, technical experts and strategists.
Strengthen the education of waterway transportation academic qualifications, focus on improving the skills education and training system, carry out various forms of skills training, vigorously promote the vocational qualification system, encourage technological innovation, and cultivate a sufficient number of skilled personnel with innovative spirit.