Zhao Guanghan was born in Wuli County, Zhuo Jun, Western Han Dynasty. He used to be the magistrate of Yingchuan county, such as Shou Jing and Jing Jing. Zhao Guanghan's reign as satrap in Yingchuan County was the best stage in his early days. He is not afraid of power, smart and capable. In his first few months in office, he did two major things: one was to crack down on the powerful family forces and ease social contradictions; The second is to strengthen local management and change local bad atmosphere. His reputation spread from this, and it is his nature to be good at handling government affairs in this Hanshu. When Zhao Guanghan served as Zhao Yin in Beijing, he showed a high sense of responsibility and often stayed up late to handle various official duties. And good at thinking, pay attention to efficiency. During its governance, the politics of Jingzhao area was clear and clear, which was praised by both officials and people. However, Jing's duty is to manage the capital, because under the emperor's feet, it is easy to offend royalty and dignitaries in daily handling of government affairs. Therefore, although Zhao Guanghan was a leader among city managers, he was finally beheaded. During his tenure as Jing, Zhao Guanghan was honest and won the praise of the people.
Ba Huang (? -5 1 BC), male, born in Yangxia, Huaiyang, Western Han Dynasty (now Taikang, Henan Province). Historian Ban Gu commented: "Since the establishment of the Han Dynasty, the number of officials governing the people has been the first." When Ba Huang was still young, he made up his mind to be a good official. Because there was no imperial examination system in the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty issued imperial edicts to alleviate financial difficulties, and all those who contributed property to the country were given to officials. Ba Huang traded food for a history of death. After entering politics, abide by the law and honesty; Observing people's feelings, it is important to persuade farmers to mulberry. In particular, Ba Huang ruled the case, advocated benevolent governance and opposed torture; Insist on handling suspicious cases lightly; It advocates leniency from the outside, education first, and prevention before it happens. Therefore, Ba Huang is an official who is supported by the people, satisfied by the court and convinced by his subordinates. As a result, Ba Huang rose from a small history of paying 200 stones a year to the prime minister of the imperial court. One of the most outstanding achievements was serving as a satrap in Yingchuan County, a big county at that time. Previously, Yingchuan County was a place where powerful landlords unified one side and the people were displaced. After he took office, he took drastic measures, bite the hand that feeds him, resettle refugees, attach importance to farming and mulberry, and educate them. After several years of careful management, Yingchuan has a peaceful scene of peace and stability, clear management and production development. Therefore, the emperor wrote a letter praising Ba Huang as a good official.
Xu Yougong (? -702), whose real name is Xu, was born in Chang 'an, Tang Dynasty, and was the most famous official in the Tang Dynasty who specialized in handling cases. In ancient times, most official positions were mixed with administration and justice, and only the imperial court had special judges, but their position in the bureaucratic system was extremely low, so it was difficult to make a difference. Although Xu Yougong served as a full-time trial judge for a long time, he went down in history because he dared to strictly abide by the law and hit his face, rehabilitated hundreds of unjust cases and saved more than 10,000 lives. Xu Yougong has served as a judicial officer in Zhou Pu, a criminal officer in the Ministry of Justice (Dali Temple), a foreign minister in Qiu Guan (Ministry of Justice) and a chief criminal doctor in Shao Qing. When Xu Yougong was an official, it was the Wu and Zhou Dynasties. At that time, there was an insurrection by marquis Wu and a trap set by cruel officials, so it was not easy to enforce the law correctly. Because Xu Yougong handled six or seven hundred major cases before and after, he saved tens of thousands of lives, inevitably offended cruel officials and treacherous court officials, and was frequently impeached and tried. However, in the end, he was charged with the death penalty three times, pardoned three times, dismissed twice and returned twice. In spite of this, he remained firm, did not flatter, and devoted himself to law enforcement. Because of this, Xu became a rare full-time "judge" in history and was praised as "a good official without history" by people at that time.
Di (AD 607-700) was born in Taiyuan (now southwest of Taiyuan, Shanxi) in the Tang Dynasty. He took the Ming Classics (one of the subjects in the imperial examination system in the Tang Dynasty) and entered the official career. After entering politics, he experienced two eras: Tang Gaozong and Wu Zetian. At the beginning, he was appointed as an imperial minister in Cheng Dali. He has served as the secretariat of Ningzhou and Yuzhou, and the assistant minister of local officials. Di is an official, as Lao Tzu said, "saints are fickle in their hearts, and people are fickle in their hearts." In order to save the innocent, he dared to defy the will of the monarch and always maintained the true colors of being close to the people and not afraid of power. He always lived above the class, worried about the country and people, and was called "the mainstay of the Tang Dynasty" by later generations. He was appointed Cheng Dali in charge of criminal law. After any one year, he handled more than 65,438+07,000 cases left by his predecessor, and none of them appealed for rehabilitation. This shows that his fairness in handling affairs can be seen. Later generations have compiled many wonderful legends based on this, and even some people in the Netherlands have compiled a book "The Trial Legend of Renjie in Datang Empire".
Chen Xiliang was born in Qingshen, Meizhou (now Sichuan) and Jingzhao (now Xi, Shaanxi) in the Northern Song Dynasty. He has been an official for more than 30 years, starting with a scholar. He has served as a magistrate, magistrate, magistrate, transshipment history and other local officials. He also served in the imperial court of Kaifeng and the capital. No matter whether he is an official in the local or the capital, Chen Xiliang hates evil and doesn't consider personal fate. He praised the common people and frightened the princes and nobles. Later, he died of overwork at the age of 64. Su Shi, a famous writer, claimed that he never erected a tombstone for others, but he admired Chen Xiliang and worried that Chen Xiliang's deeds would be handed down to future generations, so he made an exception and wrote Biography of Chen Gongbi.
Bao Zheng (AD 999- 1062), a native of Hefei, Luzhou (now Hefei, Anhui), is the most famous honest official in history. Since he was a teenager, he has been determined to make contributions to the country, and "do his best to die". The starting point of Bao Zheng's official career was the magistrate of a county, and later he served as a magistrate, a transfer ambassador and other local governors. He has served as a senior official in charge of state finance, such as the Minister of Supervision and the Deputy Minister of Housing. As a diplomatic envoy in Liao country; The most famous thing is that he worked as a bachelor in Tianzhangge and Longtuge, so later people called him Bao, Bao and Bao Bachelor. Although he served as the magistrate in Kaifeng for just over a year, after his death, Kaifeng people built a Baogong Temple next to the Kaifeng government office building to commemorate and worship him. Bao Zheng lived a clean life and never paid attention to ostentation and extravagance. Even when he became a high official, he still wore the same clothes as when he was dressed in cloth. I hate corruption. I told Injong in the play Begging Without Bribery that "incorruptibility is the appearance of the people". Greedy people are thieves of the people. "He has been strict with himself all his life. Ren Duanzhou, the magistrate, rectified the bureaucracy and cracked down on corruption, which was well received by the people. When leaving office, he politely refused, "I won't return until I send the inkstone"; He was selfless all his life, did not avoid powerful people, and enforced the law like a mountain. It is strongly advocated that all illegal acts of the royal family and eunuchs be brought to justice. It is the main content that Bao Zheng was highly praised and praised by the people before and after his death.
Bao Zheng was famous at that time and later generations, especially after his death, as a typical image of an honest official, he was greatly exaggerated by different genres of literary works, making it magical. With the development of international cultural exchange, Bao Zheng, a historical figure and artistic image, has won the world reputation. Although the image of Bao Zheng in historical materials is very different from that in works of art, Bao Zheng's life can not only be appreciated by the feudal supreme ruler, but also be supported and loved by the lower class in dire straits. As an honest official, it is really typical.
Kuang Zhong (A.D. 1383- 1442) was born in Longgang, Jing 'an County, Jiangxi Province in the Ming Dynasty. Kuang Zhong's most outstanding achievement in his life was becoming the magistrate of Suzhou. He directly reduced the official grain, lightened the burden on the people, and stabilized and developed the economy. At the same time, rectify the bureaucracy, correct the atmosphere, pay attention to cleaning up unjust prisons and avenge the people. He arranged the schedule and asked about the case of a county every day, round and round, without interruption. In the first eight months, more than 1500 cases were cleared. The cases he has tried, big or small, can basically ensure that the people are not wronged, and local tyrants dare not do evil again. Now, as long as it is mentioned, people will immediately think of the honest official who dares to take risks, uphold justice and eliminate pests for the people in the Fifteen Customs. In addition, he also did good things that benefited one side, such as building water conservancy projects, running schools and recommending talents. During his thirteen years in office, Kuang Zhong left office three times and stayed in office three times. He did a lot of practical things for the people of Suzhou, and finally he broke down from overwork and died in Suzhou. In memory of Kuang Zhong, ancestral temples were built in Suzhou and seven counties after his death.
Hai Rui (A.D. 15 14- 1587) was born in Qiongshan County, Hainan Province. His time was the turning point of the Ming Dynasty from prosperity to decline. When the surface is flat, there is danger at that time. When Harry was young, he showed great concern for social problems. When Emperor Jiajing worked in the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, out of concern for the national financial resources, in order to persuade Taoism, he devoted himself to seeking immortality and indulged in building temples and temples everywhere. As a junior official with six grades, he is determined to die. This time, he put forward the famous "Frankly speaking, the best in the world", which was later called "Public Security". After the speech, Harry was immediately thrown into prison. Fortunately, Jiajing died soon, and the new emperor was pardoned under the persuasion of Prime Minister Xu Jie, and the official was reinstated and gradually promoted to the governor of Yingtian Ten Mansions. Later, he presided over the formulation of severe punishments such as "greed at the age of 80" to correct the current abuses and strictly enforce the law and discipline. He is selfless and shows no mercy to Xu Jie, the old prime minister who has always been kind to him. He returned the 400,000 mu of fertile land occupied by the Xu family to the original owner, and demanded that Xu Jie's two sons and more than 20 family members who bullied the good people should be held accountable according to law. Look at Hai Rui as an official. After Jiajing, Qin Long and Wanli dynasties, he risked his life to remonstrate many times. Although it was to safeguard the fundamental interests of feudal rule, he strictly enforced the law, eliminated violence, led an honest and clean life, sympathized with the people, appealed for exile, paid attention to developing production, built water conservancy projects, restricted the endless exploitation of big landlords, and reformed backward customs and habits. His action has been widely supported by the people.
Tang Bin (AD 1627- 1687) was born in Suizhou, Baonan (now Suixian). The main achievements were in the Kangxi dynasty, from officials to cabinet bachelors, governors of Jiangning, ministers of rites and so on. Tang Bin has been an official all his life. In addition to writing books and developing Neo-Confucianism, he concentrated almost all his energy on river affairs and water transportation, and paid attention to reducing the burden for the people, helping the people, promoting the benefits and eliminating the evils, so that he always devoted himself to practicing the Confucian "people-oriented" thought of "self-cultivation, keeping the family in order to govern the country and level the world" in order to turn "hazelnuts everywhere" into "prosperous times"
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There are Zi Han, Gong Yixiu, Liu Chong and Yang Zhen.
The idiom "not greedy for wealth" means that not greedy is precious and noble, and it also means being honest and loyal to the public.
This idiom comes from Zuo Zhuan's Fifteen Years of Xianggong. I regard greed as my treasure and jade as my treasure. If I take it away, I will lose my baby.
A man in the State of Song got a piece of jade and gave it to Zi Han, a powerful official. Zi Han has not been affected. The person who offered the jade said, "Show it to the master who made the jade and say it is a treasure before you dare to offer it." Zi Han said: "Your baby is this jade, and mine is' not greedy'; If I accept your jade, won't you and my treasure be gone? Everyone still keeps their own baby! "
Hearing this, the man knelt down and kowtowed and said, "It is really unsafe for me, a small common people, to hide such a precious treasure. For my own safety, I dedicate it to you! " So Zi Han found a place in the city to let him stay, introduced a company that processed and bought jade to help him polish it, sold it at a good price, and then let him go home with money as a boss.
Nianlou said that the fifteenth year of Duke Xiang of Lu, that is, 557 BC, was 2558 years ago. At that time, the attitude of big officials to bribers was different from that of today. Aristotle said: "Virtue is born in nature and becomes habit." If you don't believe that human nature is getting worse, then social habits, which are commonly called "ethos", will have too great an impact.
"Zuo Zhuan" Xianggong Fifteen Years "Song people may get jade, and offer their children a rare gift. Zi Han is suffering. The person who sent the jade said, "I want to show it to the jade people, who think it is precious, so they dare to send it." Zi Han said: "What I value is not greed; I regard jade as a treasure. If I cherish jade with me, I will lose my treasure. If people have their treasure. " He bowed his head and said to me, "I am a villain and I can't cross the country, so I beg for death." The son is rarely put in it, so that Yumin can attack it and recover after making a fortune.
Public welfare show
People often lament in articles that civil servants in socialist countries are not as highly conscious as so-and-so ancients. I have always been dismissive of this exclamation. The so-called "consciousness" means that a person understands from vagueness and from confusion, all of which are about specific people and specific things. Compared with the understanding of a specific thing, today's people are not necessarily better than the ancients. If you don't believe me, let's look at an example.
"Huai Nan Zi Dao Ying Xun" records the story of a public servant who refused to fish: the public servant took photos in Lu, and his biggest hobby in diet was eating fish. One day, someone gave him a fish he liked. According to people's "understanding" now, an open-minded country accepts a fish and lets people take it directly to the kitchen, which is nothing. However, to our surprise, his old man firmly opposed it. His disciples advised him that your old man's favorite food is fish. Since someone delivered it to your door, why don't you want it instead? Gong Yixiu explained: "It is precisely because I like to eat fish that I resolutely refuse to accept this fish. You see, if I accept this fish today, I will lose my appearance one day. Although I like eating fish, I can no longer buy fish on my own salary. If I don't accept this fish and keep my appearance, I can buy fish with my salary for a long time. "
As far as refusing fish is concerned, the "consciousness" of this public sacrifice ceremony is really higher than that of some "public servants" today. For some leaders today, he will dare to accept your big fish made of pure gold! ) Gong Yixiu's "consciousness" is high, first of all in his wisdom.
"I want what I want, I want what I want. You can't have it both ways. You can take pictures instead of fish. " We don't know if Gong Yixiu recited this sentence when he refused fish, but one thing is certain: Gong Guo Xiang resolutely restrained his love for fish for his future, and his choice was undoubtedly wise. No matter present or ancient people, there are always many people who become short-sighted once their interests are blocked, and are led by the nose by immediate interests, so that they become victims of immediate interests. However, Gong Yixiu has never forgotten to weigh the pros and cons of everything. He knows that he can't lose big because of small things, and he can't sacrifice long-term interests because of short-term interests. The public sacrifice ceremony is sober and wise in the face of immediate interests. Compared with those short-sighted people in today's officialdom, as soon as they take office, they seek personal gain in the spirit of waiting for time and seizing the day, hoping to make a big fortune and eventually lose their reputation and go to prison. Is it necessary to win a lot?
Gong Yixiu's "consciousness" is more reflected in his old man's awe of the legal system and rules. Seeking truth from facts, Gong Yixiu doesn't like fish delivered to the door. He doesn't accept the unjust fish delivered to his door because he doesn't want to risk losing his job. In other words, as prime minister, he is still afraid. Collecting a fish may not be enough to be dismissed, but the official ceremony will not regard it as a violation of the legal system and rules. With this beginning, things will be unpredictable in the future. It is the awe of the rule of law and rules that urges public servants to be cautious in their words and deeds, think twice before interests, and consciously restrain themselves with the rule of law and rules. It is probably well understood that "fear of the law makes the court happy, deceives the public and worries about the sun." A person who "bullies the city" may succeed for a while, but it is often difficult to have a good end. People who are "afraid of the law" may have many obstacles, but they can live frankly and honestly. They don't have to be afraid of the sword of Damocles from time to time. They always keep a clear head, resist all kinds of temptations, and finally successfully bypass many selfish traps on the road of life.
Nowadays, "consciousness" is often combined with "class", which naturally adds too many ideological things, as if the word "consciousness" has risen to the height of noble personality and lofty belief. In this way, of course, it is considered that today's "consciousness" is higher than that of the ancients. In fact, in the real life where materialistic morality is only a beautiful pursuit, we should still return to the original meaning of "consciousness". Not being blinded by immediate interests and fearing laws and rules is the highest "consciousness".
Liu Chong
Liu Chong, Zi Zurong, was born in Muping, Eastern Han Dynasty. He is the grandson of King Qi Mouping and a descendant of Zhong. In his youth, Liu Chong was recommended as Xiao Lian for his "Ming Jing" and became the county magistrate of Dongping Ling in Jin 'an County, with remarkable achievements. Later, he was promoted to Zhang Yu and Huiji, and made great achievements. After being promoted to Beijing, there were five or six old men with white beards in Shanyin County (the first county in Huiji County, now Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province), who came from the countryside to see him off, and each brought him a hundred pence. Liu Chong refused to accept it, but only chose the largest one from many money to keep it as a souvenir. Later, he was called "the one-dollar satrap". Yang Weiqiao, the imperial adviser of the Qing Dynasty, wrote in his poem: "Being an official is nothing but money, all made of blood. Thrown to the bottom of the sea, the army won a clear name. "
After Liu Chong entered Beijing, he successively served as the toast of Zong Zheng, Sikong and Taiwei Situ. Once he went out of Beijing and passed by the pavilion, wanting to go in and have a rest. The official in charge of the pavilion refused, saying, "We are here to clean up and wait for the arrival of Lord Liu Chong. What qualifications do you have to live! " Liu Chong listened, and quietly left without saying a word. People praised him as a loyal elder.
In the second year of Jianning (169), Liu Chong was dismissed and returned to his hometown. Later, he died at home and was buried in Ju Island (now Mayang Island) in Mu Ping. He was honest and thrifty all his life and was regarded as a model in the biographies of officials in the later Han Dynasty. Song Kezhi, a famous scholar in the Qing Dynasty, wrote in his poem: "Ignore Dong Mohan's relatives and insist on being a famous minister in the Qing Dynasty." After more than a thousand years, it has occupied the first place in my hometown. "
The selfless and fearless Yang Zhen.
When it comes to Yang Zhen, a native of the Eastern Han Dynasty, many people feel strange. Some people are only familiar with his "four knowledge". This historical material is often quoted in anti-corruption articles.
Let's get to know Yang Zhen from this historical material. During his tenure as the magistrate of Donglai, Yang Zhen went to Changyi on business. Wang Mi, the county magistrate, was originally a gifted scholar in Jingzhou and was recommended by Yang Zhen. When I saw Yang Shi, it was already evening, and he took out 10 Jin of gold from his arms as a gift. Yang Zhen resolutely refused, saying, "An old friend knows a gentleman, but an old friend doesn't know you. Why? " Wang Mi said, "Ignorance is at dusk." Yang Zhen still refused and solemnly said, "Heaven knows, earth knows, I know, and son knows, what is ignorance!" Seeing that he was so honest and sincere, Wang Mi had to go out in shame.
Yang Zhen is a native of Huayin, Hongnong (now Shaanxi Province). He taught and lectured for more than 20 years before becoming an official at the age of 50. He served as Jingzhou secretariat, Zhuo Jun satrap, Stuart and Qiu. He is a late bloomer. Although he became an official at the age of 50, his career is booming. Supposedly, it is not easy to be an official at such a big age. In the words of some corrupt officials today, the unused rights will expire. But he was honest, selfless and fearless, and he dared to fight evil forces until he was falsely accused of suicide.
In terms of honesty, Cha Jin's "four knowledge" is just an example that Yang Zhen does not accept private gifts. Is his salary high? Not exactly. Yang Zhen's life is not rich. His family often eats vegetables and coarse grains, and always goes out on foot instead of by car. Relatives and friends sincerely advised him to be an official, at the same time, for the sake of his descendants, to start a private industry and profit from it. However, Yang Zhen never agreed. He said: "It is not too thick to call the descendants of innocent officials!" It means not to buy property for future generations, but to leave a reputation of innocence and integrity. Isn't it also a very rich legacy?
Selfless can be fearless. Although Yang Zhen claims to be the third, he never flatters the powerful and does not want to please others at the expense of the public. On the contrary, he actively corrected his mistakes. Wang Sheng, the wet nurse of Emperor Han An, made great contributions to the cultivation of Emperor Han Xian. She not only did evil herself, but also encouraged her daughter Bai Rong to indulge in extravagance and extravagance in the palace and pay bribes. For this reason, Yang Zhen wrote to the Emperor of Shu Han, demanding "to leave her grandmother quickly, to keep her away from home, to cut off her honor and not to communicate with her". However, due to Andy's fart protection, Wang Sheng's mother and her daughter Bai Rong are even more unscrupulous. Besides, I had an affair with my cousin. After Liu Xuan married Bai Rong, he could attack Liu Hu's position and serve as a middle school assistant. In this regard, Yang Zhen was indignant again and protested, pointing out that it was "unreasonable" for Liu Zan to worship the official, and demanded that Shi Zhong's position be passed on to Liu Hu's mother brother Liu Wei. But Andy not only ignored it, but renovated the first house for Wang Sheng's mother at the instigation of Fan Feng, Zhong Changshi, Zhou Guang and Xie Yun.
In the third year of Yan Guang, Fan Feng and others took advantage of Andi's visit to Mount Tai to forge letters to build houses. Soon, people heard that Yang Zhen was investigating the matter, fearing that the truth would be revealed, so * * * slandered Yang Zhen and asked Andi to take back Yang Zhen's seal of Qiu and return it to its original position. When Yang Zhen visited the Yang Ting Pavilion in the west of the city, he generously said to his nephew and his entourage, "The deceased is like a husband. I won the boss's favor, but I can't punish the traitor for his cunning, nor can I ban the evil girl for her disorder. How can I see the sun and the moon again! On the day of death, miscellaneous wood was used as a coffin, and pieces of cloth were cut to cover the shape. Do not go home, do not set up a shrine. " Later, he died of drinking, in his 70 s. It can be said that Yang Zhen's suicide was not his own guilty suicide, nor his own desperate suicide, but his own death to fight against social injustice.
Fortunately, history is fair. Shun Di and Yang Zhen were rehabilitated. In order to reward his loyalty, the imperial court reburied him in Huayin Tongting (now north of Guanxi Avenue in Tongguan, Shaanxi Province) and stood on a stone, whose monument still exists today. Although Yang Zhen passed away 1876, he and his "four knowledge" of gold searching are still praised by the world.